Are digital interventions effective in reducing suicidal ideation and self-harm? A systematic review
Abstract
Background: There is a significant lack of outcomes research examining the effectiveness of digital interventions for reducing suicidal ideation and self-harm.Aims: To systematically review the effectiveness of digital interventions for reducing suicidal ideation and self-harm in adult populations. The possible mediating effects of depression are also discussed.Methods: The databases Pubmed, Medline, PsycInfo, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, IEEEXplore, ACM and CRESP were searched. Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used. Studies were assessed for methodological quality and risk of bias using standard assessment criteria.Results: Fourteen RCTs were reviewed, reporting data on 3455 participants. Although findings were more consistent for the effectiveness of online Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Mindfulness-Based CBT and Dialectical Behavioural Therapy, there was insufficient research to consider any as evidence-based treatments for suicidal ideation and self-harm.Conclusions: Digital interventions for suicidal ideation and self-harm can be a safe and acceptable option for individuals unwilling or unable to access face-to-face interventions. However, further research is needed to understand the types of interventions that could support people and the risk-benefit ratio of digital interventions for these individuals.
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Digital mental health interventions can have significant small-to-moderate effects on alleviating or preventing symptoms of mental health disorders.
“While there is a growing body of evidence supporting that DMHIs can have significant small-to-moderate effects on alleviating or preventing symptoms of mental health disorders (6–10)”
From Effect of Engagement With Digital Interventions on Mental Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [9]
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Baldini, V., Varallo, G., Gili, M., & Roca, M. (2026) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a001076
- Authors
- Stefanopoulou, E., Hogarth, H., Taylor, M., Russell-Haines, K., Lewis, D., & Larkin, J.
- Affiliations
- Turning Point, Registered Charity, London, UK
- Corresponding author
- Stefanopoulou, Evgenia
- Venue
- Journal of Mental Health
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2020-01-28
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 207-216
- ISSN
- 0963-8237 (ISSN-L)
- 1360-0567
- OpenAlex
- W3003719972
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 5
- FWCI
- 0.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Mental Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- digital interventions, suicidal ideation, self-harm, internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, depression, treatment effectiveness, adults
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Self-Injurious Behavior, Treatment Outcome, Telemedicine, Suicidal Ideation, Mobile Applications, Mindfulness
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