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Museums and the ‘new museology’: theory, practice and organisational change
Open accessAbstract
The widening of roles and expectations within cultural policy discourses has been a challenge to museum workers throughout Great Britain. There has been an expectation that museums are changing from an ‘old’ to a ‘new museology’ that has shaped museum functions and roles. This paper outlines the limitations of this perceived transition as museum services confront multiple exogenous and endogenous expectations, opportunities, pressures and threats. Findings from 23 publically funded museum services across England, Scotland and Wales are presented to explore the roles of professional and hierarchical differentiation, and how there were organisational and managerial limitations to the practical application of the ‘new museology’. The ambiguity surrounding policy, roles and practice also highlighted that museum workers were key agents in interpreting, using and understanding wide-ranging policy expectations. The practical implementation of the ‘new museology’ is linked to the values held by museum workers themselves and how they relate it to their activities at the ground level.
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“The latter staff groups tend not to be seen as being able to provide any particular knowledge or experience to considerations of how museums could or should function, with these being the preserve of traditional, functionally-based management groupings within the sector.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Professional differentiation
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In the paper
“There did not appear to be a distinction between the professional functions of museum workers and a collegial attitude that has developed from changes to patterns of internal management and organisation -at least in some of the museum services.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Professional differentiation
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In the paper
“The ambiguity surrounding policy, roles and practice also highlighted that museum workers were key agents in interpreting, using and understanding wide-ranging policy expectations.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Abstract
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In the paper
“There is still a major polarisation between professional and 'other' -clerical, manual and administrative -staff within the sector.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Professional differentiation
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In the paper
“Findings from 23 publicallyfunded museum services across England, Scotland and Wales are presented to explore the roles of professional and hierarchical differentiation, and how there were organisational and managerial limitations to the practical application of the 'new museology'.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Abstract
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In the paper
“The role of professional differentiation is first explored showing that there is often still a perceived, and real, polarisation of factions within museum services.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Introduction
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In the paper
“The language and discourses that relate to the 'new museology' have been used as opportunities for workers to pursue their own discretion in implementing activities at the ground level.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Policy and role ambiguity
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In the paper
“The managers that were critically discussed were often seen as vague and nameless entities higher up the managerial hierarchy, or even outside of the museum service altogether.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Hierarchical differentiation
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In the paper
“In many of the services studied there was a sense that the role of curators had been”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Hierarchical differentiation
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In the paper
“It is important to note, however, that workers were aware of the dichotomy between 'intrinsic' activities within the museum and other expectations as demonstrated, for example, by the 'old school' and 'new school' labels placed on workers.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Hierarchical differentiation
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 30
- Probably not a substantial claim. 14
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In the paper
“The impact of a range of intervening variables in affecting how change is managed and undertaken demonstrates the partial nature of reform and the reasons why organisational change has been limited.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Introduction
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In the paper
“Four overriding themes emerged from a cross-examination of the data and include:”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Methodology
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In the paper
“Instead, it provides a synoptic overview of factors internal to the museums sector as a whole that have affected the extent to which change has occurred, and identifies the manner in which they have contributed to the partial and inconsistent take-up of the principles of the 'new museology' within Great Britain.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Introduction
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- Rests on an assumption: The factors identified from the 23 museum services are representative of factors internal to the museums sector as a whole in Great Britain.
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In the paper
“Overall, key discourses related to the 'new museology' were evident, but there were also important restraints on the practical implementation of activities relating to the 'new museology' throughout the services studied.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Introduction
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In the paper
“The hierarchical differentiations within the services are then outlined, which paints a complex picture of working relationships, especially between managerial and collections-based roles.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Introduction
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In the paper
“This division could also be seen as a source of friction and division in workers' understandings of museum functions, with the evidence suggesting that the process of polarisation was sometimes”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Professional differentiation
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In the paper
“Many museum workers tried to develop a counter-narrative through employing professional discourses on what is involved in undertaking their role, with this being part of an attempt to control their functions.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Professional differentiation
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In the paper
“However, these were rare, and many of the museums visited did not have a formal, user-engagement strategy beyond comments books and cards or the occasional visitor survey (because of being expensive to run)”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Professional differentiation
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In the paper
“Different factions were clearly based on functional differentiation and often it was”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Professional differentiation
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In the paper
“Museum workers often discussed the importance of user involvement, but there were few specific examples of where user feedback had any impact on their day-to-day activities.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Professional differentiation
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In the paper
“Overall, there was evidence of polarisation between staff groups, with there being some engagement with ideas associated with the 'new museology', but with this being limited in practice, particularly where the”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Professional differentiation
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In the paper
“Workers are influenced by high-level policy rhetoric, but because of the ambiguity of key concepts there are multiple interpretations at ground level.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Policy and role ambiguity
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In the paper
“One outreach worker described this polarisation as the 'new school' and the 'old school' groups within their museum --seeing museum workers within their service to be clearly related to these polarised 'schools'.The 'new school' included outreach, learning and”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Professional differentiation
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In the paper
“This is often helped by the low level of monitoring at the ground level of museums and the lack of detailed and specific policy guidance that is available to museum staff (McCall 2012).”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Policy and role ambiguity
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites McCall 2012
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In the paper
“Many did not necessarily see themselves as being in conflict with other workers' professional values, but were more concerned with letting these professional values determine what actually took place inside the museum (often leading to conflict with demands from elsewhere within the system).”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Hierarchical differentiation
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In the paper
“This affected the traditional roles of curators --first, by directly increasing the administration and management element of the job and second, by often limiting curators to collections care only as wider exhibition planning and design had been placed within the remit of other roles.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Hierarchical differentiation
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In the paper
“Curatorial roles had been pushed down the hierarchy and more managerial layers had often been placed between curators and highlevel decision makers.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Hierarchical differentiation
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In the paper
“Many museum staff who worked closely with collections reported a loss of control over museum function and direction, although other staff did not necessarily share this perception.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Hierarchical differentiation
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In the paper
“In some cases, users were referred to in derogatory terms, making what were perceived to be unrealistic demands and expecting involvement in activities that were held to be the preserve of professionals and managers alone.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Professional differentiation
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In the paper
“Our findings show that these polarisations do exist within museums but they are not particularly fixed.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Conclusion
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In the paper
“The idea of 'bureau-professionalism' seems to reflect the description that workers shared about themselves throughout the museum services studied.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > RESEARCHER: How do you negotiate that?
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There has been some progress with regard to activities around the 'new museology', but a full transition into this ideology has not been achieved by any museum service in this study.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Conclusion
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In the paper
“The 'traditional' roles of museum workers have been perceived to be going through some transition.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > RESEARCHER: How do you negotiate that?
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In the paper
“The 'new museology' -and a great deal of museological literature -assumes that as a result of this rethinking of the purposes of museums, real change has occurred in both the understanding of museum functions and the activities that museums undertake.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Introduction
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In the paper
“Qualitative, empirical research is a valid and widely used scientific method and, although it cannot be used in the present case to derive statistical generalisations, it has provided a rich and indepth picture of the limitations to the effective implementation of the 'new museology'.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Methodology
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In the paper
“The current paper is not based on a statistically-representative sample of museums and museum services in the UK, and is not intended to provide a definitive statement about the precise extent to which the 'new museology' is embedded in individual cases or how individual museums are living up to the principles enshrined within the approach.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Introduction
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Museum workers are being expected to be all things to all people, with museums and museum staff operating within the multiple demands and pressures that are produced from a variety of policy documents and expectations.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Policy and role ambiguity
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In the paper
“McCall (2012) has shown that the idea of policy can bring about a mix of negative emotional reactions from some workers and can have a fundamental role in utilising policy and manipulating the language around museum activities to meet their own ends.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Policy and role ambiguity
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites McCall (2012)
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This has obvious constraints and can often backfire on museum services (such as being tied to short-term and disappearing funding streams), but it is an example of museum workers being key agents in utilising policy”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Policy and role ambiguity
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In the paper
“Policy makers (McCall 2010) have also viewed museums as 'generators of well-being' and, more recently in Britain, linked them to the idea of 'the Big Society' V .”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Policy and role ambiguity
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites McCall 2010 source
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In the paper
“Evans (2011) also discusses this when studying street-level workers and observed that managers had their own set of professional standards and values that were often sympathetic to ground-level workers.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Hierarchical differentiation
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Evans (2011) source
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, although policy ambiguity can lead to multiple expectations, the space offered by wide (and often unknown) policy definitions can give ground-level workers the room to pursue their own activities in creative ways.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Policy and role ambiguity
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In the paper
“The 'new museology' encompasses wide and ambiguous discourses such as 'empowerment' and 'social inclusion' (Harrison 1993).”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Policy and role ambiguity
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Harrison 1993
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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- Not matched
In the paper
“He viewed the manager/worker relationship as generally conflictual, with workers in a continuous fight over power and resources.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Hierarchical differentiation
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Lipsky (2010)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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- Not matched
In the paper
“Criticism of Lipsky (2010) includes the assertion that managerial relationships are not always conflictual.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Hierarchical differentiation
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Lipsky (2010)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, power can be seen as being negotiated between different levels of the hierarchy, with control of policy implementation being a vital resource in this process.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Hierarchical differentiation
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This is a result of multiple causal factors that extend far beyond the forms of professional control of the museums sector and museums policy that the 'new museology' literature is based on.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Conclusion
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In the paper
“Staff are both managed within, and are the managers of public organisations, leading to a shift from a 'professional' to a 'semiprofessional' status (Abbot and Meerabeau 1998, 2).”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > RESEARCHER: How do you negotiate that?
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Abbot and Meerabeau 1998, 2
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Worker discretion can lead to other implications such as a diverse service for different users, but in a service with many exogenous and endogenous pressures having a uniform service would be impossible from the outset.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > "I consider myself very much at the chalk-face of implementing things but I have to say that I haven't read a strategy document on what I do… I think it comes naturally…
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The factors identified from the 23 museum services are representative of factors internal to the museums sector as a whole in Great Britain.
“Instead, it provides a synoptic overview of factors internal to the museums sector as a whole that have affected the extent to which change has occurred, and identifies the manner in which they have contributed to the partial and inconsistent take-up of the principles of the 'new museology' within Great Britain.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The principles underpinning the 'new museology' have a degree of universality that extends beyond the particular social, economic and political contexts in which it developed.
“While the 'new museology' itself developed within a particular set of social, economic and political contexts, the principles that underpin it have a degree of universality that extend beyond the particular.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Interview accounts of museum workers accurately reflect their practices, values and organisational relationships.
“Many workers who were interviewed gave examples of this.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Duncan citation year differs from the reference list
MinorThe text cites Duncan's analysis as a 1995 work, but the only Duncan entry in the reference list is dated 2004.
“Duncan's (1995) analysis of some of the larger European museums highlighted that there had indeed been a change to public consumption within The Louvre and National Gallery of London.”
“6. Duncan, Carol. 2004. Civilizing Rituals: Inside Public Art Museums. London: Routledge.”
Citations
Cites
Street-Level Bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the Individual in Public Services
Lipsky, M. (1981) · Michigan Law Review · doi:10.2307/1288305 · Cited by 8,981
The Birth of the Museum: History, Theory, Politics
Handler, R. (1996) · Museum Anthropology · doi:10.1525/mua.1996.20.2.76 · Cited by 1,521 · cited 2×
“…and the idea that the major social role of museums was to ‘civilise’ and ‘discipline’ the mass of the population to fit their position within society (Bennett 1995) through differentiating between ‘high’ and ‘elitist’ cultural forms which were worthy of preservation, and ‘low’ or ‘mass’ ones…”
BackgroundInfluentialHarrison, R. (2012) · Cited by 1,044
The Birth of the Museum: History, Theory, Politics
Bennett, T. (1995) · Cited by 1,028
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Bouquet, M., & duncan, C. (1998) · Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute · doi:10.2307/3034168 · Cited by 848
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Professionals, Managers and Discretion: Critiquing Street-Level Bureaucracy
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“Evans (2011) also discusses this when studying street-level workers and observed that managers had their own set of professional standards and values that were often sympathetic to ground-level workers.”
BackgroundThe Engaging Museum: Developing Museums for Visitor Involvement
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Items 101–200 of 250
Cultural Tourism, Internet of Things, and Smart Technologies in Museums
Gaberli, Ü. (2021) · Advances in hospitality, tourism and the services industry (AHTSI) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-8528-3.ch014 · Cited by 5
National heritage branding: a case study of the Russian Museum of Ethnography
Kovaleva, A., Epstein, M., & Parik, I. (2017) · Journal of Heritage Tourism · doi:10.1080/1743873x.2017.1343337 · Cited by 5
“Based on modern technology and concepts related to branding and business, museums have become an active economic and social agent that change their socio-economic environment by practicing the concept of ‘new museology’ (McCall & Gray, 2014; Ross, 2004).”
BackgroundPlastic Buttons, Complex People: An Ethnomethodology-informed Ethnography of a Video Game Museum
Spors, V., Reyes-Cruz, G., Cameron, H., Flintham, M., Brundell, P., & Murphy, D. (2020) · Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play · doi:10.1145/3410404.3414234 · Cited by 6
“New Museology represents a shift in the focus of some academic museum studies to respond to criticisms of elitism and exclusion in the cultural sector [38].”
BackgroundRethinking openness: a social constructivist approach to the promises of the new museology
Cao, T. L. (2023) · Internet Histories · doi:10.1080/24701475.2023.2244341 · Cited by 5
“More than twenty years later, McCall and Gray (2014) still observed an absence of empirical studies to assess the extent to which the new museology had resulted in substantive changes across the museums sector.”
BackgroundLa nouvelle muséologie comme mouvement politique
Gunter, C. (2019) · Culture and Local Governance · doi:10.18192/clg-cgl.v6i1.4556 · Cited by 5
An Analysis of Chinese Ecomuseums in Relation to Ecomuseum Theories and Principles
Borrelli, N., & Ge, R. (2019) · ORGANON · doi:10.4467/00786500.org.19.005.11326 · Cited by 5
Intangible Cultural Heritage as a Catalyst of Constructing Private Museums
Wang, Y. (2022) · Museum International · doi:10.1080/13500775.2022.2157572 · Cited by 4
Allison, M. C. (2022) · Culture Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies · doi:10.1177/15327086221093552 · Cited by 5
“From these initial developments in modernist museology, the late 20th-century development of “new museology” (Desvallées & Mairesse, 2010; MacDonald, 2006; Marstine, 2006; McCall & Gray, 2013; Saumarez Smith, 1989; Vergo, 1989) reflected the cultural context of postmodernity (Lennon & Foley, 1999).”
BackgroundSwedish Cold War history on YouTube – committed amateurs and heritagization from below
Widholm, C. (2022) · Critical Studies in Media Communication · doi:10.1080/15295036.2022.2121411 · Cited by 4
The Dynamics of the Museum Concept
Zbuchea, A. (2022) · Culture Society Economy Politics · doi:10.2478/csep-2022-0007 · Cited by 4
“…world and their role/impact as change agents (some of these works are Ellis, 1995; Sandell, 1998; Freedman, 2000; Casey, 2007; Simon, 2010; Barrett, 2012; Black, 2012; McCall, & Gray, 2014; Simon, 2016; Janes & Sandell, 2019; Silverman, 2009; Pedretti & Iannini, 2020; Chipangura & Mataga, 2021).”
Storytelling as a Tool to Design Museum Experiences: The Case of the Secret Marquise
Calvi, L., Bargeman, B., Hover, M., van Waalwijk, J., Strijbosch, W., & Mitas, O. (2023) · Springer series in design and innovation · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-49811-4_40 · Cited by 5
Digital Heritage Technology at the Archaeological Museum of Heraklion
Partarakis, N., Kontaki, E., Zidianakis, E., Drossis, G., Birliraki, C., Metaxakis, G., Barka, A., Poutouris, V., Mathioudakis, G., Zidianaki, I., et al. (2018) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92285-0_28 · Cited by 4
“The term ‘new museology’1 introduces a new philosophy around how museums func‐ tion and a changed relationship between museums and their societies and communities, shifting attention from museum collections towards visitors [1, 2].”
BackgroundLeft justified: The early campaign for an international law response to Khmer Rouge crimes
Hughes, R. (2019) · Political Geography · doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2019.102071 · Cited by 4
From connoisseur to the good manager. Perspectives in managerial curatorship from Canada and Brazil
Viau‐Courville, M. (2021) · Curator The Museum Journal · doi:10.1111/cura.12415 · Cited by 4
Vikmane, E., & Kristāla, A. (2022) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-20302-2_22 · Cited by 4
(De)colonization of European museums: Five minimum standards for reenergizing postcolonial practices
Dani, M. (2025) · International Journal of Cultural Property · doi:10.1017/s0940739125100076 · Cited by 3
Steeg, J. V. (2022) · Museum Management and Curatorship · doi:10.1080/09647775.2021.2023898 · Cited by 3
Curating time – Museum-things as counterclocks in a climate-challenged world
Fredengren, C., Owman, C., & Owman, C. (2023) · Time & Society · doi:10.1177/0961463x231188789 · Cited by 3
“It moves museol-ogy beyond what is called ‘ new museology ’ that focus on transforming the relationship between museums and society (see Vergo 1989; McCall and Gray 2014).”
BackgroundEconomic Efficiency of Cultural Institutions: The Case of Museums in Slovakia
Šebová, M. (2018) · MONTENEGRIN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS · doi:10.14254/1800-5845/2018.14-4.14 · Cited by 3
“The papers range from managerial studies aimed at the assessment of different types of management in public, private or non-profit museums (McCall and Gray, 2013) to studies concerning marketing strategies of museums (vom Lehm & Heath, 2016).”
BackgroundThe Europeanization of Holocaust and World War II Memory in Poland – General Remarks
Wassermann, E. (2019) · Studia Europejskie / Centrum Europejskie Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego · doi:10.33067/se.2.2019.1 · Cited by 3
The Olympic Memory: Institutional and Heritage Issues
Violette, L., & Attali, M. (2020) · The International Journal of the History of Sport · doi:10.1080/09523367.2020.1837776 · Cited by 3
Roht-Yilmaz, E.-L. (2022) · Journal of Baltic Studies · doi:10.1080/01629778.2023.2142623 · Cited by 3
“…exhibition using the system of four types of participation projects in museums by Simon (2010), the project manager admits in an interview that the project then was of the lowest level of participation – contributory, although she would have liked it to have been co-creative (Metsmaa 2015, 172).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialUsing Modern Technologies in the Museums’ Exhibitions: The Grand Egyptian Museum as a Case Study
GadAllah, S. I. I. (2020) · International Journal of Heritage, Tourism, and Hospitality · doi:10.21608/ijhth.2020.299549 · Cited by 3
The Future of Art Museums: Reflections on a Young Audience
Kisiel, P. (2024) · Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej · doi:10.18778/1733-8069.20.3.02 · Cited by 3
Dynamics in the Field of Museums: Contemporary Challenges for Polish Museologists
Nieroba, E. (2018) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci7050077 · Cited by 3
Redefining professionalism for the informal STEM learning field
Morrissey, K., Heimlich, J. E., & Schatz, D. L. (2020) · Museum Management and Curatorship · doi:10.1080/09647775.2020.1803109 · Cited by 3
“This discussion continues with periodic spikes of attention (Friedman 1995; Genoways 1996; McCall and Gray 2014; Mancino 2016; Welsh 2013).”
BackgroundReidla, J. (2020) · Museum and Society · doi:10.29311/mas.v18i4.3456 · Cited by 3
“Reorganization involves exhibition production (Viau-Courville 2017) and the redistribution of curators’ authority within museums (Edwards 2007; McCall and Gray 2014; Longair 2015; Wood 2019).”
BackgroundInfluentialReidla, J. (2020) · Journal of Ethnology and Folkloristics · doi:10.2478/jef-2020-0018 · Cited by 2
Nomikou, E. (2015) · ICOFOM Study Series · doi:10.4000/iss.640 · Cited by 3
“Recent research however suggests that, at least in the UK, ‘new museology’ has failed to impact museums in a way that would constitute a complete departure from familiar practices (McCall & Gray, 2014).”
BackgroundStoškutė, N. (2017) · Art History & Criticism · doi:10.1515/mik-2017-0006 · Cited by 3
Museology and Museum-making: Cultural Policies and Cultural Demands
Zabalueva, O. (2018) · ICOFOM Study Series · doi:10.4000/iss.1183 · Cited by 3
Museology, Cultural Geography, and the Non-representational
Boyd, C. P., & Hughes, R. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-8883-5_1 · Cited by 3
Introducción a la museología sensorial como herramienta de inclusión social
Camacho, C. C. (2019) · Eikon / Imago · doi:10.5209/eiko.73416 · Cited by 3
Increasing Personnel Competencies in Museums with the Use of Auditing and Controlling
Kupec, V., Lukáč, M., Písař, P., & Gubíniová, K. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su122410343 · Cited by 3
“The presented findings must be put in a broader context of human resources [5], HR management [7] and modern museums [4,82].”
BackgroundFerreiro-Rosende, É., Morere-Molinero, N., & Fuentes-Moraleda, L. (2022) · Journal of Brand Management · doi:10.1057/s41262-021-00267-1 · Cited by 3
Museum Diplomacy: Developing cultural partnerships between New Zealand and China
Bayly-McCredie, L. (2016) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.17060441.v1 · Cited by 3
Visible Issues. Insights Into the Professional Identity of the Conservator
Macedo, R. (2023) · Studies in art, heritage, law and the market · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-42357-4_8 · Cited by 2
Mägi, R. (2024) · Museum Management and Curatorship · doi:10.1080/09647775.2024.2393154 · Cited by 2
“The beginning of the review period is chosen to mark the emergence of the ‘new museology’ – a notion that redefines museums as institutions developing relations with the wider community (McCall and Gray 2014).”
Exploring the Impact of Virtual Reality Immersion on Visitor Experience and Learning in Museums
Ceccacci, S., Agostinelli, T., Giaconi, C., & Mengoni, M. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-97775-6_1 · Cited by 2
The evolution of organisational structures in Chinese museums: foreign concepts and local practices
Bin, W., & Yin, K. (2025) · Museum Management and Curatorship · doi:10.1080/09647775.2025.2562850 · Cited by 2
“Alongside the reinvention of museums’ role, reduced financial support, the emergence of consumer society, and the public’s growing significance, many museums reorganised their structures to respond to new policies and public demands (Harrison 1993; McCall and Gray 2014).”
Presentism, Public History and Contemporary Russian Art
Yankovskaya, G. A. (2020) · KnE Social Sciences · doi:10.18502/kss.v4i13.7730 · Cited by 2
“Subbotina forms a part of the ‘new museology’ discourse [9] since the majority of contemporary art projects are commissioned by major museums or exhibitions.”
BackgroundInteraction between a Museum and a City in Europe
Barišić, K., Žunić, A., & Šćitaroci, B. B. O. (2023) · Prostor : znanstveni časopis za arhitekturu i urbanizam · doi:10.31522/p.31.1(65).6 · Cited by 2
Christensen, J. L. (2023) · Museum Management and Curatorship · doi:10.1080/09647775.2023.2269135 · Cited by 2
“…the gap between theoretical ideals and the reality of museums, a particular branch of museum studies is now increasingly focusing on the operational aspects of museum organizations (e.g., Janes 2009, 2013; Janes and Sandell 2019; Jung and Love 2018; McCall and Gray 2014; Murawski 2021; Scott 2016).”
By the People, for the People. The Case of a Community Museum of Traumatic Greek Heritage
Pantzou, N. (2015) · Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites · doi:10.1179/1350503315z.00000000091 · Cited by 2
“…of New Museology, the birth of ecomuseums, and a shift from collection focused strategies to initiatives driven by the need to improve visitor experience and to become sustainable in an overly competitive and demanding environment (see Davis, 2008; McCall & Gray, 2014; Vergo, 1989; Watson, 2007b).”
BackgroundUsing New Tools to Attract Visitors to Museums and Heritage Sites
Bassa, L., Smith, M., & Papp-Váry, Á. (2021) · Advances in hospitality, tourism and the services industry (AHTSI) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-8528-3.ch016 · Cited by 2
Otoczenie zewnętrzne muzeum: przykład Muzeum Sztuki Współczesnej MOCAK w Krakowie
Manczak, I. (2016) · Handel Wewnętrzny · Cited by 2
MUSEUM IN THE PROCESS. SELECTED TENDENCIES IN 20TH-CENTURY MUSEOLOGY
Tołysz, A. (2020) · Muzealnictwo · doi:10.5604/01.3001.0014.2477 · Cited by 2
MÜZECİLİK ALANINDA YAYIMLANAN MAKALELERİN BİBLİYOMETRİK ANALİZİ (2000-2022 YILLARI)
KILICI, L., & Köroğlu, Ö. (2023) · Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.24889/ifede.1309332 · Cited by 2
Inclusive Design Museums and Social Design
Wen, Q., & Ng, S. (2020) · Proceedings of DRS · doi:10.21606/drs.2020.268 · Cited by 2
“…for admiring art and a place of social exclusion that only served the royalties and elites, while museums have been increasingly visitor-oriented under Keywords: social inclusion; design museums; social design the guidance of experience-based new museology since the 1980s(McCall & Gray, 2014).”
BackgroundInfluentialKannike, A., & Reidla, J. (2021) · Lithuanian Historical Studies · doi:10.30965/25386565-02501006 · Cited by 1
Ceccacci, S., Gentilozzi, C., Marfoglia, A., et al. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-35681-0_14 · Cited by 1
Defining the micromuseum from curators’ perspectives
Vella, J. (2024) · Discover Global Society · doi:10.1007/s44282-024-00095-z · Cited by 1
Unpicking ableism and disablism in museums
Eardley, A. F., Jones, V. E., & Zakaria, N. N. (2025) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003382713-3 · Cited by 1
European Music Museums: Interactive Spaces for Musical Education
Cárdenas, M. V., Carnicer, J. G., Piñol, C. M., et al. (2025) · Curator The Museum Journal · doi:10.1111/cura.70004 · Cited by 1
Beyond the Audience: Rethinking Stakeholder Engagement in the Arts and Cultural Sector
Goodwin, K., & Pekarek, A. (2025) · The Journal of Arts Management Law and Society · doi:10.1080/10632921.2025.2561111 · Cited by 1
“Drawing on theories of cultural value, empowerment, democracy, and representation (Graves 2010; Hooper-Greenhill 2000; McCall and Gray 2014), it addresses questions of reach and representation in tackling wider social issues.”
Turizm Planlamasında Kısa Geceleme Sorunu: TR52 Bölge Planı İncelemesi
SAĞ, M. A. (2026) · Anatolia Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi · doi:10.17123/atad.1733833 · Cited by 1
Morse, N., McCann, M. R., & O’Brien, D. (2026) · Museum Management and Curatorship · doi:10.1080/09647775.2026.2644153 · Cited by 1
Continuity and change in popular music curation
Cohen, S. (2021) · Popular Music History · doi:10.1558/pomh.40022 · Cited by 1
Mendoza, H. M., Talavera, A. S., & Castellano, J. M. P. (2021) · Vegueta Anuario de la Facultad de Geografía e Historia · doi:10.51349/veg.2021.1.08 · Cited by 1
The Preservation and Exhibition of the Intangible Heritage in Museums
Mahmoud, H. K., Abdalla, A. O., & Meguid, O. A. W. A. (2022) · International Journal of Eco-Cultural Tourism, Hospitality Planning and Development · doi:10.21608/ijecth.2022.272512 · Cited by 1
On-Site Preservation Through Participatory Method in the Development of Digital Museum
Puspita, A. A., Malasan, P. L., Triharini, M., Putri, V. R., & Taepoer, R. A. (2023) · Preservation Digital Technology & Culture · doi:10.1515/pdtc-2022-0033 · Cited by 1
Ideas, Concepts and Uses of Heritage
Susemihl, G. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-40063-6_2 · Cited by 1
Co-creating the values of Indigenous museums in Taiwan
Wang, H.-C. (2023) · ICOFOM Study Series · doi:10.4000/iss.5094 · Cited by 1
A diachronic cluster analysis of Danish museum websites
Skov, M., & Svarre, T. (2024) · Internet Histories · doi:10.1080/24701475.2024.2313292 · Cited by 1
“Critical voices, however, argue that even though new museology has been a useful tool for museum workers, new museology has “had less practical effect than the museology literature might anticipate” (McCall & Gray, 2014, p. 31).”
BackgroundCommunity Approaches to Archaeology, Heritage, and Museums
Apaydın, V. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190092504.013.38 · Cited by 1
Zakaria, N. N. (2024) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci13120647 · Cited by 1
A Critical Analysis of Immersive Environments: A Methodology for Museum Education
Huebner, E. J. (2025) · International Journal of Art & Design Education · doi:10.1111/jade.12613 · Cited by 4
Wydarzenia kulturalne formą kreowania nowego oblicza obiektów muzealnych
Jaremen, D. E., & Rapacz, A. (2018) · Turyzm/Tourism · doi:10.18778/0867-5856.28.1.03 · Cited by 1
Museum Cluster in a Small City: Evidence from Russia
Шерешева, М., & Кондюкова, Е. С. (2019) · Springer proceedings in business and economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-03910-3_16 · Cited by 1
The Perpetuation of Site-Specific Installation Artworks in Museums
Scholte, T. (2021) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.5117/9789463723763 · Cited by 1
Renau, L. D. R. (2021) · Punto sur · doi:10.34096/ps.n5.11002 · Cited by 1
The Perpetuation of Site-Specific Installation Artworks in Museums
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Willsteed, J. (2017) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.103847 · Cited by 1
Museum literacy : a sociomaterial study of families, literacies and museum objects
Whitty, H. (2017) · UTS ePRESS (University of Technology Sydney) · Cited by 1
Un-disciplining the Art Museum: Museum Educators, Institutional Structures and Processes of Change
Quinn, T. (2018) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) · Cited by 1
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Lost property: the marginalisation of the artefact in contemporary museum theatre
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Museum as Activist: (Re)inventing Institutional Paradigm at the Museum of Movements in Malmö
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Representations of Solitary Confinement in Four Ontario Penal History Museums
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Decolonization of museum narratives of Donbas
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Museum Diplomacy: Developing cultural partnerships between New Zealand and China
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Metadata
- Authors
- McCall, V., & Gray, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Stirling (GB)
- University of Warwick (GB)
- Corresponding author
- McCall, Vikki
- ORCID
- McCall, Vikki
- Venue
- Museum Management and Curatorship
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-12-24
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 19-35
- ISSN
- 0964-7775 (ISSN-L)
- 1872-9185
- OpenAlex
- W2132760845
- Cited by
- 255
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 175.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- public-domain
- Locations
- Museum Management and Curatorship (publishedVersion)
- Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick) (acceptedVersion)
- Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Funders
- Economic and Social Research Council
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Museology › Museums and Cultural Heritage
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Museology › Libraries and Information Services
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology (arts and humanities) › Cultural Heritage Management and Preservation
- Keywords
- new museology, role of museums, cultural policy, public museums, museum staff, organizational change, museum management, professional differentiation, hierarchical differentiation, policy implementation, museum values, Great Britain
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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