The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 19 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Museums and the ‘new museology’: theory, practice and organisational change
Open accessAbstract
The widening of roles and expectations within cultural policy discourses has been a challenge to museum workers throughout Great Britain. There has been an expectation that museums are changing from an ‘old’ to a ‘new museology’ that has shaped museum functions and roles. This paper outlines the limitations of this perceived transition as museum services confront multiple exogenous and endogenous expectations, opportunities, pressures and threats. Findings from 23 publically funded museum services across England, Scotland and Wales are presented to explore the roles of professional and hierarchical differentiation, and how there were organisational and managerial limitations to the practical application of the ‘new museology’. The ambiguity surrounding policy, roles and practice also highlighted that museum workers were key agents in interpreting, using and understanding wide-ranging policy expectations. The practical implementation of the ‘new museology’ is linked to the values held by museum workers themselves and how they relate it to their activities at the ground level.
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41 No basis given · 36 Own interpretation · 29 Own result · 9 Sources not found · 7 No full text of the sources · 2 Own method · 1 Not checked yet
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The latter staff groups tend not to be seen as being able to provide any particular knowledge or experience to considerations of how museums could or should function, with these being the preserve of traditional, functionally-based management groupings within the sector.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Professional differentiation
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There did not appear to be a distinction between the professional functions of museum workers and a collegial attitude that has developed from changes to patterns of internal management and organisation -at least in some of the museum services.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Professional differentiation
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The ambiguity surrounding policy, roles and practice also highlighted that museum workers were key agents in interpreting, using and understanding wide-ranging policy expectations.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There is still a major polarisation between professional and 'other' -clerical, manual and administrative -staff within the sector.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Professional differentiation
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Findings from 23 publicallyfunded museum services across England, Scotland and Wales are presented to explore the roles of professional and hierarchical differentiation, and how there were organisational and managerial limitations to the practical application of the 'new museology'.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The role of professional differentiation is first explored showing that there is often still a perceived, and real, polarisation of factions within museum services.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The language and discourses that relate to the 'new museology' have been used as opportunities for workers to pursue their own discretion in implementing activities at the ground level.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Policy and role ambiguity
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The managers that were critically discussed were often seen as vague and nameless entities higher up the managerial hierarchy, or even outside of the museum service altogether.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Hierarchical differentiation
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In many of the services studied there was a sense that the role of curators had been”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Hierarchical differentiation
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is important to note, however, that workers were aware of the dichotomy between 'intrinsic' activities within the museum and other expectations as demonstrated, for example, by the 'old school' and 'new school' labels placed on workers.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Hierarchical differentiation
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 30
- Probably not a substantial claim. 14
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The impact of a range of intervening variables in affecting how change is managed and undertaken demonstrates the partial nature of reform and the reasons why organisational change has been limited.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Introduction
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Four overriding themes emerged from a cross-examination of the data and include:”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Methodology
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Instead, it provides a synoptic overview of factors internal to the museums sector as a whole that have affected the extent to which change has occurred, and identifies the manner in which they have contributed to the partial and inconsistent take-up of the principles of the 'new museology' within Great Britain.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Introduction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The factors identified from the 23 museum services are representative of factors internal to the museums sector as a whole in Great Britain.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, key discourses related to the 'new museology' were evident, but there were also important restraints on the practical implementation of activities relating to the 'new museology' throughout the services studied.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The hierarchical differentiations within the services are then outlined, which paints a complex picture of working relationships, especially between managerial and collections-based roles.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Introduction
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This division could also be seen as a source of friction and division in workers' understandings of museum functions, with the evidence suggesting that the process of polarisation was sometimes”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Professional differentiation
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Many museum workers tried to develop a counter-narrative through employing professional discourses on what is involved in undertaking their role, with this being part of an attempt to control their functions.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Professional differentiation
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, these were rare, and many of the museums visited did not have a formal, user-engagement strategy beyond comments books and cards or the occasional visitor survey (because of being expensive to run)”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Professional differentiation
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Different factions were clearly based on functional differentiation and often it was”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Professional differentiation
boostedcorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Museum workers often discussed the importance of user involvement, but there were few specific examples of where user feedback had any impact on their day-to-day activities.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Professional differentiation
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, there was evidence of polarisation between staff groups, with there being some engagement with ideas associated with the 'new museology', but with this being limited in practice, particularly where the”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Professional differentiation
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Workers are influenced by high-level policy rhetoric, but because of the ambiguity of key concepts there are multiple interpretations at ground level.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Policy and role ambiguity
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One outreach worker described this polarisation as the 'new school' and the 'old school' groups within their museum --seeing museum workers within their service to be clearly related to these polarised 'schools'.The 'new school' included outreach, learning and”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Professional differentiation
boostedSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This is often helped by the low level of monitoring at the ground level of museums and the lack of detailed and specific policy guidance that is available to museum staff (McCall 2012).”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Policy and role ambiguity
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites McCall 2012
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Many did not necessarily see themselves as being in conflict with other workers' professional values, but were more concerned with letting these professional values determine what actually took place inside the museum (often leading to conflict with demands from elsewhere within the system).”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Hierarchical differentiation
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This affected the traditional roles of curators --first, by directly increasing the administration and management element of the job and second, by often limiting curators to collections care only as wider exhibition planning and design had been placed within the remit of other roles.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Hierarchical differentiation
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Curatorial roles had been pushed down the hierarchy and more managerial layers had often been placed between curators and highlevel decision makers.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Hierarchical differentiation
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Many museum staff who worked closely with collections reported a loss of control over museum function and direction, although other staff did not necessarily share this perception.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Hierarchical differentiation
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In some cases, users were referred to in derogatory terms, making what were perceived to be unrealistic demands and expecting involvement in activities that were held to be the preserve of professionals and managers alone.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Professional differentiation
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our findings show that these polarisations do exist within museums but they are not particularly fixed.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The idea of 'bureau-professionalism' seems to reflect the description that workers shared about themselves throughout the museum services studied.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > RESEARCHER: How do you negotiate that?
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There has been some progress with regard to activities around the 'new museology', but a full transition into this ideology has not been achieved by any museum service in this study.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The 'traditional' roles of museum workers have been perceived to be going through some transition.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > RESEARCHER: How do you negotiate that?
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The 'new museology' -and a great deal of museological literature -assumes that as a result of this rethinking of the purposes of museums, real change has occurred in both the understanding of museum functions and the activities that museums undertake.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Introduction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Qualitative, empirical research is a valid and widely used scientific method and, although it cannot be used in the present case to derive statistical generalisations, it has provided a rich and indepth picture of the limitations to the effective implementation of the 'new museology'.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Methodology
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The current paper is not based on a statistically-representative sample of museums and museum services in the UK, and is not intended to provide a definitive statement about the precise extent to which the 'new museology' is embedded in individual cases or how individual museums are living up to the principles enshrined within the approach.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Museum workers are being expected to be all things to all people, with museums and museum staff operating within the multiple demands and pressures that are produced from a variety of policy documents and expectations.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Policy and role ambiguity
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“McCall (2012) has shown that the idea of policy can bring about a mix of negative emotional reactions from some workers and can have a fundamental role in utilising policy and manipulating the language around museum activities to meet their own ends.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Policy and role ambiguity
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites McCall (2012)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This has obvious constraints and can often backfire on museum services (such as being tied to short-term and disappearing funding streams), but it is an example of museum workers being key agents in utilising policy”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Policy and role ambiguity
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Policy makers (McCall 2010) have also viewed museums as 'generators of well-being' and, more recently in Britain, linked them to the idea of 'the Big Society' V .”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Policy and role ambiguity
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites McCall 2010 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Evans (2011) also discusses this when studying street-level workers and observed that managers had their own set of professional standards and values that were often sympathetic to ground-level workers.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Hierarchical differentiation
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Evans (2011) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, although policy ambiguity can lead to multiple expectations, the space offered by wide (and often unknown) policy definitions can give ground-level workers the room to pursue their own activities in creative ways.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Policy and role ambiguity
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The 'new museology' encompasses wide and ambiguous discourses such as 'empowerment' and 'social inclusion' (Harrison 1993).”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Policy and role ambiguity
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Harrison 1993
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“He viewed the manager/worker relationship as generally conflictual, with workers in a continuous fight over power and resources.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Hierarchical differentiation
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Lipsky (2010)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Criticism of Lipsky (2010) includes the assertion that managerial relationships are not always conflictual.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Hierarchical differentiation
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Lipsky (2010)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, power can be seen as being negotiated between different levels of the hierarchy, with control of policy implementation being a vital resource in this process.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Hierarchical differentiation
plaincorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This is a result of multiple causal factors that extend far beyond the forms of professional control of the museums sector and museums policy that the 'new museology' literature is based on.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Conclusion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Staff are both managed within, and are the managers of public organisations, leading to a shift from a 'professional' to a 'semiprofessional' status (Abbot and Meerabeau 1998, 2).”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > RESEARCHER: How do you negotiate that?
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Abbot and Meerabeau 1998, 2
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Worker discretion can lead to other implications such as a diverse service for different users, but in a service with many exogenous and endogenous pressures having a uniform service would be impossible from the outset.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > "I consider myself very much at the chalk-face of implementing things but I have to say that I haven't read a strategy document on what I do… I think it comes naturally…
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The factors identified from the 23 museum services are representative of factors internal to the museums sector as a whole in Great Britain.
“Instead, it provides a synoptic overview of factors internal to the museums sector as a whole that have affected the extent to which change has occurred, and identifies the manner in which they have contributed to the partial and inconsistent take-up of the principles of the 'new museology' within Great Britain.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The principles underpinning the 'new museology' have a degree of universality that extends beyond the particular social, economic and political contexts in which it developed.
“While the 'new museology' itself developed within a particular set of social, economic and political contexts, the principles that underpin it have a degree of universality that extend beyond the particular.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Interview accounts of museum workers accurately reflect their practices, values and organisational relationships.
“Many workers who were interviewed gave examples of this.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > Introduction
“Duncan's (1995) analysis of some of the larger European museums highlighted that there had indeed been a change to public consumption within The Louvre and National Gallery of London.”
§ Museums and the 'New Museology': Theory, Practice and Organizational change > References
“6. Duncan, Carol. 2004. Civilizing Rituals: Inside Public Art Museums. London: Routledge.”
Citations
Cites
Street-Level Bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the Individual in Public Services
Lipsky, M. (1981) · Michigan Law Review · doi:10.2307/1288305 · Cited by 8,981
The Birth of the Museum: History, Theory, Politics
Handler, R. (1996) · Museum Anthropology · doi:10.1525/mua.1996.20.2.76 · Cited by 1,521 · cited 2×
“…and the idea that the major social role of museums was to ‘civilise’ and ‘discipline’ the mass of the population to fit their position within society (Bennett 1995) through differentiating between ‘high’ and ‘elitist’ cultural forms which were worthy of preservation, and ‘low’ or ‘mass’ ones…”
BackgroundInfluentialHarrison, R. (2012) · Cited by 1,044
The Birth of the Museum: History, Theory, Politics
Bennett, T. (1995) · Cited by 1,028
Civilizing Rituals: Inside Public Art Museums.
Bouquet, M., & duncan, C. (1998) · Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute · doi:10.2307/3034168 · Cited by 848
Harrison, R. (2013) · The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of the Contemporary World · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199602001.013.021 · Cited by 606
Simon, N. (2010) · Cited by 533
Gaming in Targetworld: The Targets Approach to Managing British Public Services
Hood, C. (2006) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6210.2006.00612.x · Cited by 490
Professionals, Managers and Discretion: Critiquing Street-Level Bureaucracy
Evans, T. (2011) · British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcq074 · Cited by 450 · cited 1×
“Evans (2011) also discusses this when studying street-level workers and observed that managers had their own set of professional standards and values that were often sympathetic to ground-level workers.”
BackgroundThe Engaging Museum: Developing Museums for Visitor Involvement
Black, G. (2005) · doi:10.4324/9780203559277 · Cited by 342
Research works printed but not linked: 9
- DCMS (Department of Culture, Media and Sport), 2000, Centres for Social Chance: Museums, Archives and Galleries for All
- DCMS (Department of Culture, Media and Sport), 2006, Understanding the Future: Priorities for England's Museums
- Guntarik Olivia, 2010, Narratives of Community: Museums and Ethnicity
- Heijnen Wilke, 2010, Sociomuseology, 3, 13
- Johnson Terrence J., 1972, Professionals and Power
- Kreps Christina, 2009, Intangible Heritage, 193
- Mintzberg, Henry. 1983.Structures in Fives: Designing Effective Organisations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
- MuseumsEtc, 2011, Museums of Ideas: Commitment and Conflict – A Collection of Essays
- Smith Charles Saumarez, 1989, The ‘New Museology, 6
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–250 of 250
Museology as a humanitarian science
Gerasimov, G. I. (2022) · Философия и культура · doi:10.7256/2454-0757.2022.4.37794
Musées d’art et musées de société au Québec : 30 ans de métamorphose
Bellemare, J., & Bergeron, Y. (2022) · Culture & Musées · doi:10.4000/culturemusees.8493
The Aftermaths of Participation
Boersma, S. (2022) · Edition Museum · doi:10.1515/9783839464113 · Cited by 6
BEHIND THE IDEA AND INFLUENCE OF MUSEOLOGY IN THE WORLD AND MALAYSIAN MUSEUM INSTITUTIONS
Zaini, M. S., Esa, M. S., Mokhtar, S., et al. (2022) · Journal of Tourism Hospitality and Environment Management · doi:10.35631/jthem.730010
Teadmiste koosloome ja õppimine Eesti Rahva Muuseumi osalussaalis
Runnel, P., Aljas, A., & Jaanits, J. (2023) · Eesti Rahva Muuseumi aastaraamat · doi:10.33302/ermar-2023-008
Agents of Social Change: Cultural Work, Institutions, and the (De)securitisation of Minorities
Jašina‐Schäfer, A. (2023) · Central European Journal of International and Security Studies · doi:10.51870/kzoz4150
Gårdhus, K. M., & Byriel-Thygesen, M. (2023) · Kulturstudier · doi:10.7146/ks.v2023i1.137988
An Explorative Study on State-Owned Museum Performance in Italy
Dubini, P., & Monti, A. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197621615.013.18
SİVRİKAYA, G., & Güneröz, C. (2023) · İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi · doi:10.15869/itobiad.1278607
Calvi, L. (2023) · doi:10.21606/iasdr.2023.477
“Despite the many expectations, challenges and shortcomings, as discussed for example in (McCall & Gray,2014, for a detailed discussion, which is beyond the scope of this manuscript), due to the ambiguity related to its factual implementation and the lack of a punctual evaluation of its adoption in…”
Maffeis, R., Raffaella, T., Carlo, F., et al. (2023) · doi:10.21606/iasdr.2023.896
Muzea Lizbony – odkrycia i zaskoczenia
Gaweł, Ł. (2024) · Intercultural Relations · doi:10.12797/rm.01.2024.15.08
Designing Exhibitions That Ensure Enjoyment and Wellbeing
González-Valerio, B. G. (2024) · Practice, progress, and proficiency in sustainability · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-3200-9.ch018
Rak, G., & Pstrocka-Rak, M. (2024) · Heritage & Society · doi:10.1080/2159032x.2024.2408802
“…the original artifact into the hands of visitors in a literal sense can also be considered the highest form of implementation of the idea of the “new museology”, standing in contrast to the traditionally understood role of museums isolating elite heritage from mass society (McCall and Gray 2014).”
Everyday Constructions of Class-Based Inequality: Field Effects in UK Museum Work
Evans, S., & Whiting, R. (2024) · Sociology · doi:10.1177/00380385241289729 · Cited by 1
“In recent years, political and epistemological shifts have diversified museum work, from scholar-curator roles focused on collections, to roles based on income-generation, fundraising, marketing, and education and meeting audience/societal needs (McCall and Gray, 2014).”
Rotem, S. S. (2024) · Contemporary Jewry · doi:10.1007/s12397-024-09600-7
Museum value as a tension field: a Baltic perspective
Reidla, J., Kõresaar, E., & Murakas, R. (2025) · Cultural Trends · doi:10.1080/09548963.2025.2467636
A Tale of Two Cities and One Exhibition
Pillière, L. (2025) · Miranda · doi:10.4000/140zw
Votava, J. (2025) · Lecture notes in mechanical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-94484-0_28
Simpson, A. M., Paul, K. M., & Ruisi, J. (2025) · Thinking Skills and Creativity · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2025.101905 · Cited by 1
Lewicka, B. (2025) · Kultura i Społeczeństwo · doi:10.35757/kis.2025.69.2.12
Immersive Phygital Technologies to Interpret a Counterfactual World War II Invasion
Debattista, M. G. (2025) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-83662-342-720251009
Introduction: Transformative Museum Experiences at a Time of Transformation
Sabiescu, A. G., Calvi, L., & Vermeeren, A. P. O. S. (2025) · Springer series on cultural computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-89521-0_1
From cognition to emotion: mechanisms of Participatory Museum Interpretation
Zhang, X., & Zhang, C. (2025) · Museum Management and Curatorship · doi:10.1080/09647775.2025.2562845
“Its theoretical and practical contributions are as follows: First, new museology insists on visitor participation and the forging of personally meaningful links between people and objects (McCall and Gray 2014; Vergo 1989).”
Discovering Service‐Dominant Logic in Museums Through the Mind of Managers
Izquierdo, C. C., Garrido, M., Redondo, M., et al. (2025) · Nonprofit Management and Leadership · doi:10.1002/nml.70024
“This movement has encouraged museums to redefine their relationships with people and their communities, and to promote cultural diversity (Ross 2004; McCall and Gray 2014).”
Liu, H., Xu, J., Gao, B., et al. (2025) · Museum Management and Curatorship · doi:10.1080/09647775.2025.2583524
Bonacchi, C., Krzyzanska, M., Sharpe, K. E., Horne, Z., & Hingley, R. (2025) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-025-06333-2 · Cited by 1
“With the emergence of the ‘ New Museology ’ movement in the 1980s (Mayrand, 1985), museums af fi rmed their commitment to communities, concentrating more decisively on people and their needs alongside the care of collections (Merriman, 1991: 1; McCall and Gray, 2014).”
Enhancing User and Visitor Experience through Virtual Reality: A Research on the Agora of Smyrna
UĞURLUER, S., & Aysel, K. (2025) · Türkiye İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi · doi:10.17829/turcom.1553929
Μητρόπουλος, Γ., & Matsiola, M. (2026) · Ετήσιο Ελληνόφωνο Επιστημονικό Συνέδριο Εργαστηρίων Επικοινωνίας · doi:10.12681/cclabs.9678
Decolonisation as difficulty – dialogic analysis and institutional practice
Mccaughan, L., Ooi, C.-S., & Hall, K. (2026) · Museum Management and Curatorship · doi:10.1080/09647775.2026.2626868
“Despite the emergence of extensive research that advocates for inclusivity, repatriation, narrative plurality and cultural sovereignty, museum decolonisation efforts often remain incomplete or uneven (McCall and Gray 2014; Sandell 2003; Watson 2007).”
A place for care and connection: The potential for art therapy in museum and cultural spaces
Snyder, K. (2026) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.aip.2026.102442
Tour Into Painting : System Design for Virtual Exhibition of Chinese Hand-Scroll Painting
Lu, Y. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/8a9316c5z25d1z44dfzbb9az8cade474176d · Cited by 1
Willis, W. L. (2025) · Art Documentation Journal of the Art Libraries Society of North America · doi:10.1086/740635
Problem or opportunity? A museological review of accessible museum storage
Hess, A. (2026) · Museum Management and Curatorship · doi:10.1080/09647775.2026.2678162
ZOMA: Integrating Gen-AI in hybrid crafts to promote cultural heritage transmission
Chen, B., Li, Y., Wang, K., Zhang, W., Je, S., & Li, X. (2026) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2026.103856
Türkiye’de Etnografya Müzeleri: Tarihsel Süreç, Sorunlar ve Yeniden Yapılanma
ENGİN, H. (2026) · Medeniyet Kültürel Araştırmalar Belleteni · doi:10.60051/medbel.1848466
BĂLAN, E. A.-M. (2026) · Culture Society Economy Politics · doi:10.2478/csep-2026-0006
Ethical and Responsible Cultural Governance: A Public Value Framework for Museums Worldwide
Magne, S., & Coelho, D. (2026) · Contributions to Public Administration and Public Policy · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-26184-7_4
The MOI impact framework: a catalyst for systemic change in museums
Hamari, P., Runnel, P., Uusikylä, P., et al. (2026) · European Journal of Cultural Management and Policy · doi:10.3389/ejcmp.2026.15698
“In sectoral theory discussion, the focus on museums’ societal impact 2 has gained considerable attention (see, e.g., Simon, 2016; Falk, 2021; McCall and Gray, 2014).”
Defining the museum: ICOM, society, and the politics of institutional change
Hetemoglu-Venedik, A. (2026) · Museums & Social Issues · doi:10.1080/15596893.2026.2703547
“Others highlight the tensions inherent in defining museums in a rapidly changing world – where expanding social responsibilities coexist with traditional roles tied to collection care and academic authority (Davis, 2020; McCall & Gray, 2014).”
The Sustainability of Museums’ Financial Independence in Greece
Mpourelaki, L., Nikolaidou, E., & Karampela, S. (2026) · Springer proceedings in business and economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-17534-2_11
Societal Change and New Competence Needs for Museums
Lindqvist, K. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-15383-8_2
Chatty Art Labels: Evaluation of a Conversational Museum Guide
Tue, T., Pohl, H., & Merritt, T. (2026) · Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage · doi:10.1016/j.daach.2026.e00585
Magazzini, T. (2026) · Comparative Migration Studies · doi:10.1186/s40878-026-00579-8
“…the attempt of this article is to examine how race, racism, and migration interrelate in museums and cultural institutions, to which decolonizing efforts have been extended in recent years (Desille & Nikielska-Sekuła, 2024; Bailey, 2018; Labadi, 2018, McCall & Gray, 2014, Magazzini, 2024).”
Siloed inclusivity: risk, representation and debate in national museums
Lawrenson, A. (2026) · Museum Management and Curatorship · doi:10.1080/09647775.2026.2694990
Güneröz, C., Yanar, A., Aksan, E., et al. (2026) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440261431957
Metadata
- Authors
- McCall, V., & Gray, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Stirling (GB)
- University of Warwick (GB)
- Corresponding author
- McCall, Vikki
- ORCID
- McCall, Vikki
- Venue
- Museum Management and Curatorship
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-12-24
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 19-35
- ISSN
- 0964-7775 (ISSN-L)
- 1872-9185
- OpenAlex
- W2132760845
- Cited by
- 255
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 175.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- public-domain
- Locations
- Museum Management and Curatorship (publishedVersion)
- Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick) (acceptedVersion)
- Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Funders
- Economic and Social Research Council
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Museology › Museums and Cultural Heritage
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Museology › Libraries and Information Services
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology (arts and humanities) › Cultural Heritage Management and Preservation
- Keywords
- new museology, role of museums, cultural policy, public museums, museum staff, organizational change, museum management, professional differentiation, hierarchical differentiation, policy implementation, museum values, Great Britain
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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