Using collaborative language production tasks to promote students’ language awareness1
Abstract
This paper presents data of 13 and 14 year old intermediate and advanced learners of French working collaboratively to complete a text reconstruction task. The task was designed to focus the students’ attention and discussion on the form of the message they were constructing. It was hypothesised that this kind of opportunity to produce language would promote their language learning by (1) making them aware of gaps in their existing knowledge which they would subsequently seek to fill; (2) raising their awareness of the links between the form, function and meaning of words as they worked to construct their intended message; and (3) obtaining feedback that they would receive from their peers and their teacher as they completed the task. The results support the hypothesis and also provide rich insights for teachers, researchers and curriculum planners into the language learning process in a collaborative setting; the students’ understandings of how language ‘works'; and the effects of certain grouping patterns on the ensuing student talk.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Storch (2008) identified instances in which peers talk about language use or provide correction, and these language-related episodes have been adopted as the primary unit of analysis for engagement in much recent work.
“With regard to engagement with language specifically, Storch (2008) identified instances in which peers talk about language use or provide correction. These language-related episodes (LREs) (Kowal & Swain, 1994) have been adopted as the primary unit of analysis for engagement in much of more recent work (e.g., Baralt et al., 2016; Dobao, 2016; García Mayo & Azkarai, 2016; Svalberg, 2012).”
From Exploring Engagement in Tasks in the Language Classroom (2016) · cites this paper as Kowal & Swain, 1994
Cites
Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition
Higgs, T. V., & Krashen, S. D. (1983) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.2307/328293 · Cited by 5,354 · see citing works
THEORETICAL BASES OF COMMUNICATIVE APPROACHES TO SECOND LANGUAGE TEACHING AND TESTING
CANALE, M., & SWAIN, M. (1980) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/i.1.1 · Cited by 5,044 · see citing works
Self-citationPrinciples and Practice in Second Language Acquisition
Krahnke, K. J., & Krashen, S. D. (1983) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3586656 · Cited by 4,459 · see citing works
(1985) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,037 · see citing works
Self-citation(1987) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,399 · see citing works
Designing Tasks for the Communicative Classroom
Siskin, H. J., & Nunan, D. (1990) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.2307/327949 · Cited by 2,297 · see citing works
SWAIN, M., & LAPKIN, S. (1995) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/16.3.371 · Cited by 1,407 · see citing works
Self-citationNegative Feedback as Regulation and Second Language Learning in the Zone of Proximal Development
Aljaafreh, A., & Lantolf, J. P. (1994) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.1994.tb02064.x · Cited by 1,222 · see citing works
Group Work, Interlanguage Talk, and Second Language Acquisition
Long, M. H., & Porter, P. A. (1985) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3586827 · Cited by 901 · see citing works
The Collected Works of L. S. Vygotsky
Rieber, R. W., & Carton, A. S. (1988) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-1655-8 · Cited by 889 · see citing works
Three Approaches to Task-Based Syllabus Design
Long, M. H., & Crookes, G. (1992) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3587368 · Cited by 866 · see citing works
Non-native/Non-native Conversations: A Model for Negotiation of Meaning
Varonis, E. M., & Gass, S. M. (1985) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/6.1.71 · Cited by 756 · see citing works
Talking to Learn: Conversation in Second Language Acquisition
VanPatten, B., & Day, R. R. (1987) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.2307/326454 · Cited by 733 · see citing works
The Output Hypothesis: Just Speaking and Writing Aren't Enough
Swain, M. (1993) · The Canadian Modern Language Review · doi:10.3138/cmlr.50.1.158 · Cited by 731 · see citing works
Self-citationTasks and Language Learning: Integrating Theory and Practice
Crookes, G. V., & Gass, S. M. (1993) · Cited by 607 · see citing works
Focus-on-Form and Corrective Feedback in Communicative Language Teaching
LIGHTBOWN, P. M., & Spada, N. M. (1990) · Studies in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1017/s0272263100009517 · Cited by 587 · see citing works
"Information Gap" Tasks: Do They Facilitate Second Language Acquisition?
Doughty, C., & Pica, T. (1986) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3586546 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Some Thoughts on the Notion of Communication Strategy
Tarone, E. E. (1981) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3586754 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Comprehensible Output as an Outcome of Linguistic Demands on the Learner
Pica, T., Holliday, L., Lewis, N., & Morgenthaler, L. (1989) · Studies in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1017/s027226310000783x · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Second-Language Acquisition, Social Interaction, and the Classroom
Pica, T. (1987) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/8.1.3 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
Communicating about Grammar: A Task-Based Approach
Fotos, S., & Ellis, R. (1991) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3587079 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
The Development of Second Language Proficiency
(1990) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139524568 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Consciousness as a Problem in the Psychology of Behavior
Vygotsky, L. S. (1979) · Soviet Psychology · doi:10.2753/rpo1061-040517043 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Vygotskyan Approaches to Understanding Foreign Language Learner Discourse during Communicative Tasks
Brooks, F. B., & Donato, R. (1994) · Hispania · doi:10.2307/344508 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
MCLAUGHLIN, B. (1990) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/11.2.113 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Focused communication tasks and second language acquisition
Nobuyoshi, J. (1993) · ELT Journal · doi:10.1093/elt/47.3.203 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Manipulating and Complementing Content Teaching To Maximize Second Language Learning
Swain, M. (1988) · TESL Canada Journal · doi:10.18806/tesl.v6i1.542 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Self-citationFotos, S. S. (1993) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/14.4.385 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
The Role of Group Work in Classroom Second Language Acquisition
Pica, T., & Doughty, C. J. (1985) · Studies in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1017/s0272263100005398 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Tasks in a Pedagogical Context: Integrating Theory and Practice
Crookes, G. V., & Gass, S. M. (1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Input and Second Language Acquisition
Teemant, A., & Pinnegar, S. (2019) · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Another Look at Interlanguage Talk: Taking Task to Task
Duff, P. A. (1985) · ScholarSpace (University of Hawaii at Manoa) · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Trouble-shooting in Interaction with Learners: the more the merrier?
Aston, G. (1986) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/7.2.128 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Commentary Time to Merge Vygotskian and Constructivist Conceptions of Knowledge Acquisition
Hatano, G. (1993) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195067156.003.0007 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
What Is Missing in the Metaphor of Scaffolding?
Stone, C. A. (1993) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195067156.003.0008 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Units of analysis in syllabus design: The case for task
Long, M. H., & Crookes, G. V. (1993) · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Foreign Language Explanations Within the Zone of Proximal Development
Adair‐Hauck, B., & Donato, R. (1994) · Canadian Modern Language Review/ La Revue canadienne des langues vivantes · doi:10.3138/cmlr.50.3.532 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Foreign/Second Language Pedagogy Research: A Commemorative Volume for Claus Faerch
Johnson, K. E., Phillipson, R., Kellerman, E., Selinker, L., Smith, M. S., & Swain, M. (1992) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.2307/329783 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationLa négociation de la forme : stratégie analytique en classe d'immersion
Lyster, R. (1994) · Canadian Modern Language Review/ La Revue canadienne des langues vivantes · doi:10.3138/cmlr.50.3.446 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Discourse perspectives on formal instruction
Donato, R., & Adair‐Hauck, B. (1992) · Language Awareness · doi:10.1080/09658416.1992.9959807 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Topic and Feedback in Native-Speaker/Nonnative-Speaker Conversation
Crookes, G. V., & Rulon, K. A. (1988) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3587274 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Language Policy, Curriculum Development, and TESOL Instruction: A Search for Compatibility
Judd, E. L. (1981) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3586374 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Peer Tutoring and Second Language Acquisition in the Elementary School1
Flanigan, B. O. (1991) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/12.2.141 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Immersion Education: International Perspectives
Walker, C. L., Johnson, R. K., & Swain, M. (1999) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3587727 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Oral corrective feedback in second language classrooms
Lyster, R., Saito, K., & Sato, M. (2013) · Language Teaching · doi:10.1017/s0261444812000365 · Cited by 741 · see citing works
Exploring Engagement in Tasks in the Language Classroom
Philp, J., & Duchesne, S. (2016) · Annual Review of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1017/s0267190515000094 · Cited by 752 · see citing works
Watanabe, Y., & Swain, M. (2007) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/136216880607074599 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Self-citationIssues in Teachers' Reinterpretation of a Task-Based Innovation in Primary Schools
Carless, D. (2004) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3588283 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Kessler, G., & Bikowski, D. (2010) · Computer Assisted Language Learning · doi:10.1080/09588220903467335 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Collaborative writing among second language learners in academic web-based projects
Kessler, G., Bikowski, D., & Boggs, J. (2012) · Language learning & technology · doi:10.64152/10125/44276 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Learner‐Generated Attention to Form
Williams, J. (2001) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/j.1467-1770.2001.tb00020.x · Cited by 309 · see citing works
IDENTIFYING THE IMPACT OF NEGATIVE FEEDBACK AND LEARNERS' RESPONSES ON ESL QUESTION DEVELOPMENT
McDonough, K. (2005) · Studies in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1017/s0272263105050047 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Kim, Y., & McDonough, K. (2008) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/1362168807086288 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Spada, N. (1997) · Language Teaching · doi:10.1017/s0261444800012799 · Cited by 632 · see citing works
Antón, M. (1999) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/0026-7902.00024 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
How collaborative is pair work? ESL tertiary students composing in pairs
Storch, N. (2001) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/136216880100500103 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Does Output Promote Noticing and Second Language Acquisition?
Izumi, S.-I., & Bigelow, M. (2000) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3587952 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Pairing learners in pair work activity
Storch, N., & Aldosari, A. A. (2012) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/1362168812457530 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Muranoi, H. (2000) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/0023-8333.00142 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
6. CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN RESEARCH ON THE TEACHING OF GRAMMAR
Nassaji, H., & Fotos, S. S. (2004) · Annual Review of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1017/s0267190504000066 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Patterns of computer-mediated interaction in small writing groups using wikis
Li, M., & Zhu, W. (2011) · Computer Assisted Language Learning · doi:10.1080/09588221.2011.631142 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Task-Based Interactions in Classroom and Laboratory Settings
Gass, S. M., Mackey, A., & Ross‐Feldman, L. (2005) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/j.0023-8333.2005.00318.x · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Integrating Language and Content Teaching through Collaborative Tasks
Swain, M. (2001) · Canadian Modern Language Review/ La Revue canadienne des langues vivantes · doi:10.3138/cmlr.58.1.44 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Self-citationCollaborative and individual output tasks and their effects on learning English phrasal verbs
Nassaji, H., & Tian, J. (2010) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/1362168810375364 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Challenges for ELT from the expansion in teaching children
Cameron, L. (2003) · ELT Journal · doi:10.1093/elt/57.2.105 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Effects of web-based collaborative writing on individual L2 writing development
Bikowski, D., & Vithanage, R. I. (2016) · Language learning & technology · doi:10.64152/10125/44447 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Are two heads better than one? Pair work and grammatical accuracy
Storch, N. (1999) · System · doi:10.1016/s0346-251x(99)00031-7 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
花岡, 修. (2007) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/1362168807080963 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Communicative Language Teaching
Spada, N. M. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-46301-8_20 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Classroom Learning, Teaching, and Research: A Task‐Based Perspective
PICA, T. (2005) · The Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.2005.00309.x · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Creating Robust Vocabulary: Frequently Asked Questions and Extended Examples
Beck, I. L., McKeown, M. G., & Kucan, L. (2008) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Swain, M. (2001) · Language Testing · doi:10.1177/026553220101800302 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Self-citationRanta, L., & Lyster, R. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511667275.009 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Using Activity Theory to Explain Differences in Patterns of Dyadic Interactions in an ESL Class
Storch, N. (2004) · Canadian Modern Language Review/ La Revue canadienne des langues vivantes · doi:10.3138/cmlr.60.4.457 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
INFORMATION GAP TASKS: Their Multiple Roles and Contributions to Interaction Research Methodology
Pica, T., Kang, H., & Sauro, S. (2006) · Studies in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1017/s027226310606013x · Cited by 161 · see citing works
The Effects of Collaborative Writing Activity Using Google Docs on Students' Writing Abilities.
Suwantarathip, O., & Wichadee, S. (2014) · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Shintani, N., & Ellis, R. (2010) · Studies in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1017/s0272263110000288 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Watanabe, Y. (2008) · Canadian Modern Language Review/ La Revue canadienne des langues vivantes · doi:10.3138/cmlr.64.4.605 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Peer interaction in the foreign language classroom: what factors foster a focus on form?
Philp, J., Walter, S., & Baştürkmen, H. (2010) · Language Awareness · doi:10.1080/09658416.2010.516831 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Baralt, M., Gurzynski-Weiss, L., & Kim, Y. (2016) · Language Learning & Language Teaching · doi:10.1075/lllt.45.09bar · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Cho, H. (2017) · Journal of Second Language Writing · doi:10.1016/j.jslw.2017.05.013 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
The effectiveness of two form‐focused tasks in advanced EFL pedagogy
Mayo, M. D. P. G. (2002) · International Journal of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1111/1473-4192.t01-1-00029 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
A longitudinal study of foreign language anxiety and enjoyment
Pan, C., & Zhang, X. (2021) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/1362168821993341 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Collaborative dialogue: its contribution to second language learning
Swain, M. (1997) · Scientia Insularum Revista de Ciencias Naturales en islas · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Self-citationRelationships formed in dyadic interaction and opportunity for learning
Storch, N. (2002) · International Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1016/s0883-0355(03)00007-7 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Ebadi, S., & Rahimi, M. (2017) · Computer Assisted Language Learning · doi:10.1080/09588221.2017.1363056 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Iwashita, N. (2001) · System · doi:10.1016/s0346-251x(01)00015-x · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Task Effects on Focus on Form in Synchronous Computer‐Mediated Communication
Yılmaz, Y. (2011) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.2010.01143.x · Cited by 114 · see citing works
From tasking purposes to purposing tasks
Bruton, A. (2002) · ELT Journal · doi:10.1093/elt/56.3.280 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Yu, S., & Hu, G. (2016) · Teaching in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/13562517.2016.1221806 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Experiential Learning in Second-Language Classrooms
Knutson, S. (2003) · TESL Canada Journal · doi:10.18806/tesl.v20i2.948 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Qin, J. (2008) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/1362168807084494 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Output practice in the L2 classroom
Muranoi, H. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511667275.005 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Little Words: Their History, Phonology, Syntax, Semantics, Pragmatics, and Acquisition
Leow, R. P., Campos, H., & Lardiere, D. (2009) · Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Collaborative writing in face-to-face settings: A substantive and methodological review
Zhang, M., & Plonsky, L. (2020) · Journal of Second Language Writing · doi:10.1016/j.jslw.2020.100753 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
The effects of task type in Synchronous Computer-Mediated Communication
Yılmaz, Y., & Grañena, G. (2009) · ReCALL · doi:10.1017/s0958344009990176 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Reynolds, B. L., & Kao, C.-W. (2019) · Computer Assisted Language Learning · doi:10.1080/09588221.2019.1617747 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Writing through two languages: First language expertise in a language minority classroom
Kibler, A. K. (2010) · Journal of Second Language Writing · doi:10.1016/j.jslw.2010.04.001 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Task-modality and L1 use in EFL oral interaction
Azkarai, A., & Mayo, M. D. P. G. (2014) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/1362168814541717 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Prasad, G., & Lory, M. (2019) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.1002/tesq.560 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Nassaji, H. (1999) · Canadian Modern Language Review/ La Revue canadienne des langues vivantes · doi:10.3138/cmlr.55.3.386 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Oliver, R., Philp, J., & Duchesne, S. (2017) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2017.08.001 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Task-based language teaching: For the state secondary FL classroom?
Bruton, A. (2005) · Language Learning Journal · doi:10.1080/09571730585200091 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Effect of task-inherent production modes on EFL learners' focus on form
Niu, R. (2009) · Language Awareness · doi:10.1080/09658410903197256 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Global Simulation: A Student‐Centered, Task‐Based Format for Intermediate Foreign Language Courses
Levine, G. S. (2004) · Foreign Language Annals · doi:10.1111/j.1944-9720.2004.tb02170.x · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Watanabe, Y., & Swain, M. (2008) · Language Awareness · doi:10.1080/09658410802146651 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationFortune, A., & Thorp, D. (2001) · Language Awareness · doi:10.1080/09658410108667031 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Combining Dictogloss and Cooperative Learning To Promote Language Learning.
Jacobs, G. M., & Small, J. (2003) · Cited by 69 · see citing works
From transmission to transformation: Teacher learning in English for speakers of other languages
Kiely, R., & Davis, M. (2010) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/1362168810365241 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
The Effect of Task Complexity and Language Proficiency on Task-Based Language Performance
Ishikawa, T. (2006) · The Journal of AsiaTEFL · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Inclusivity, participation and collaboration: Learning in interactive groups
Zubiri-Esnaola, H., Vidu, A., González, O. R., & Folch, T. M. (2020) · Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00131881.2020.1755605 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
The PACE model: A story-based approach to meaning and form for standards-based language learning
Adair‐Hauck, B., & Donato, R. (2002) · The French Review · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Mayo, M. D. P. G., & Azkarai, A. (2016) · Language learning and language teaching · doi:10.1075/lllt.45.10gar · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Learners’ Use of Metalanguage in Collaborative Form-focused L2 Output Tasks
Fortune, A. (2005) · Language Awareness · doi:10.1080/09658410508668818 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Effect of proficiency on Vietnamese EFL learners’ engagement in peer interaction
Dao, P., & McDonough, K. (2018) · International Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2018.01.008 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Collaborative Dialogue Between Thai EFL Learners During Self‐Access Computer Activities
McDonough, K., & Sunitham, W. (2009) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.1002/j.1545-7249.2009.tb00166.x · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Chinese Efl Students' Attitudes To Peer Feedback and Peer Assessment in an Extended Pairwork Setting
Roskams, T. (1999) · RELC Journal · doi:10.1177/003368829903000105 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Interaction in advanced EFL pedagogy: a comparison of form-focused activities
Mayo, M. D. P. G. (2002) · International Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1016/s0883-0355(03)00008-9 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Comparing Second Language Learners' Attention to Form Across Tasks
Storch, N. (1998) · Language Awareness · doi:10.1080/09658419808667108 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Learner output, hypothesis testing, and internalizing linguistic knowledge
Shehadeh, A. (2003) · System · doi:10.1016/s0346-251x(03)00018-6 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Teaching foreign language grammar: New solutions, old problems
Pawlak, M. (2021) · Foreign Language Annals · doi:10.1111/flan.12563 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Reinvestigating the Noticing Function of Output
Uggen, M. S. (2012) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9922.2012.00693.x · Cited by 53 · see citing works
‘We're Learning a Lot of New Words’: Encountering New L2 Vocabulary Outside of Class
Eskildsen, S. W. (2018) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/modl.12451 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Integrating Textual Thinking into the Introductory College-Level Foreign Language Classroom
Maxim, H. H. (2006) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.2006.00382.x · Cited by 49 · see citing works
How Does Group Discussion in Reconstruction Tasks Affect Written Language Output?
Malmqvist, A. (2005) · Language Awareness · doi:10.1080/09658410508668829 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Bruton, A. (2005) · Cited by 47 · see citing works
SLA research in the classroom/SLA research for the classroom
LIGHTBOWN, P. M. (2003) · Language Learning Journal · doi:10.1080/09571730385200151 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Comparing Esl Learners' Attention To Grammar On Three Different Classroom Tasks
Storch, N. (2001) · RELC Journal · doi:10.1177/003368820103200207 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Exploring how collaborative dialogues facilitate synchronous collaborative writing
Yeh, H. (2014) · Language learning & technology · doi:10.64152/10125/44348 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
L1 differences and L2 similarities: teaching verb tenses in English
Collins, L. (2007) · ELT Journal · doi:10.1093/elt/ccm048 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The effect of task role on Vietnamese EFL learners' collaboration in mixed proficiency dyads
Dao, P., & McDonough, K. (2017) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2016.12.012 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Opportunities to attend to language form in the adolescent near-beginner foreign language classroom
Erlam, R., & Pimentel-Hellier, M. (2017) · Language Awareness · doi:10.1080/09658416.2017.1314487 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Shin, S., Lidster, R., Sabraw, S., & Yeager, R. (2015) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/1362168814567888 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Chen, W. (2018) · ELT Journal · doi:10.1093/elt/ccy015 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Language-related episodes and learner proficiency during collaborative dialogue in CLIL
Basterrechea, M., & Leeser, M. J. (2019) · Language Awareness · doi:10.1080/09658416.2019.1606229 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Issues of Corrective Feedback in Second Language Acquisition
Kim, J. H. (2004) · Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL · doi:10.7916/d844600x · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Källkvist, M. (2013) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.2013.01430.x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Ko, C.-J. (2012) · Computer Assisted Language Learning · doi:10.1080/09588221.2011.649483 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Tocalli-Beller, A. (2003) · Canadian Modern Language Review/ La Revue canadienne des langues vivantes · doi:10.3138/cmlr.60.2.143 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
CURRENT APPROACHES TO RESEARCHING SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNER PROCESSES
Wigglesworth, G. (2005) · Annual Review of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1017/s026719050500005x · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Chapter 1. Child EFL grammar learning through a collaborative writing task
Calzada, A., & Mayo, M. D. P. G. (2020) · Language learning and language teaching · doi:10.1075/lllt.55.01cal · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Conditions and Challenges in Developing School‐Based SLA Research Programs
Spada, N. M. (2005) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.2005.00308.x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Task‐Based Interactions in Classroom and Laboratory Settings
Gass, S. M., Mackey, A., & Ross‐Feldman, L. (2011) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9922.2011.00646.x · Cited by 35 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kowal, M., & Swain, M.
- Venue
- Language Awareness
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1994-01
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 73-93
- ISSN
- 0965-8416 (ISSN-L)
- 1747-7565
- OpenAlex
- W2083536757
- Cited by
- 332
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 23.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Language Awareness (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
- Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › French Language Learning Methods
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Second Language Acquisition and Learning
- Keywords
- French as a foreign language, high school students, peer feedback, teacher feedback, student discourse, second language writing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
