The DOI matches its Crossref record; 56 of the 57 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
PRISM: A Planned Risk Information Seeking Model
Abstract
Recent attention on health-related information seeking has focused primarily on information seeking within specific health and health risk contexts. This study attempts to shift some of that focus to individual-level variables that may impact health risk information seeking across contexts. To locate these variables, the researcher posits an integrated model, the Planned Risk Information Seeking Model (PRISM). The model, which treats risk information seeking as a deliberate (planned) behavior, maps variables found in the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB; Ajzen, 1991 Ajzen, I. 1991. The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50: 179–211. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) and the Risk Information Seeking and Processing Model (RISP; Griffin, Dunwoody, & Neuwirth, 1999 Griffin, R., Dunwoody, S. and Neuwirth, K. 1999. Proposed model of the relationship of risk information seeking and processing to the development of preventive behaviors. Environmental Research, 80: 230–245. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), and posits linkages among those variables. This effort is further informed by Kahlor's (2007 Kahlor, L. 2007. An augmented risk information seeking model: The case of global warming. Media Psychology, 10: 414–435. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) Augmented RISP, the Theory of Motivated Information Management (Afifi & Weiner, 2004 Afifi, W. and Weiner, J. 2004. Toward a theory of motivated information management. Communication Theory, 14: 167–190. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), the Comprehensive Model of Information Seeking (Johnson & Meischke, 1993 Johnson, J. D. and Meischke, H. 1993. A comprehensive model of cancer-related information seeking applied to magazines. Human Communication Research, 19: 343–367. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), the Health Information Acquisition Model (Freimuth, Stein, & Kean, 1989 Freimuth, V. S., Stein, J. A. and Kean, T. J. 1989. Searching for health information: The Cancer Information Service model, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]), and the Extended Parallel Processing Model (Witte, 1998 Witte, K. (1998). Theory based interventions and evaluations of outreach efforts. Seattle, WA: National Network of Libraries of Medicine/Pacific Northwest Region (commissioned publication) http://www.nnlm.nlm.nih.gov/pnr/eval/witte.html [Google Scholar]). The resulting integrated model accounted for 59% of the variance in health risk information-seeking intent and performed better than the TPB or the RISP alone.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“perceived knowledge partially mediates the effects of attitude, seeking-related subjective norms, and perceived control on perceived knowledge insufficiency;”
From A Cross-Cultural Comparison of an Extended Planned Risk Information Seeking Model on Mental Health Among College Students: Cross-Sectional Study (2020) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“PRISM [22] proposes that subjective norms, attitude toward seeking, and perceived seeking control will be positively associated with seeking intent;”
From A Cross-Cultural Comparison of an Extended Planned Risk Information Seeking Model on Mental Health Among College Students: Cross-Sectional Study (2020) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“and risk perception will be positively related to affective risk response.”
From A Cross-Cultural Comparison of an Extended Planned Risk Information Seeking Model on Mental Health Among College Students: Cross-Sectional Study (2020) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“affective response to risk and perceived knowledge insufficiency will be positively related with seeking intent;”
From A Cross-Cultural Comparison of an Extended Planned Risk Information Seeking Model on Mental Health Among College Students: Cross-Sectional Study (2020) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“Risk perception was found to have a direct effect on affective response to risk in all of our models, consistent with the path in the PRISM [22].”
From A Cross-Cultural Comparison of an Extended Planned Risk Information Seeking Model on Mental Health Among College Students: Cross-Sectional Study (2020) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“in contrast to other contexts [29,62], in the RSS, we conclude that self-efficacy and perceived hazard characteristics have an indirect effect on information seeking behavior in the RSS through information sufficiency.”
From Risk Information Seeking Behavior in Disaster Resettlement: A Case Study of Ankang City, China (2020) · cites this paper as [62]
Citations
Cites
The theory of planned behavior
Ajzen, I. (1991) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t · Cited by 90,587
Self-efficacy: The exercise of control
Bandura, A., Freeman, W. H., & Lightsey, R. (1999) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.13.2.158 · Cited by 46,835
Comparative fit indexes in structural models.
Bentler, P. M. (1990) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238 · Cited by 25,266
Self-efficacy: the exercise of control
(1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.35-1826 · Cited by 24,451
Slovic, P. (1987) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3563507 · Cited by 9,271
Chaiken, S. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.39.5.752 · Cited by 5,516
An Information Processing Theory of Consumer Choice
Ross, I., & Bettman, J. R. (1979) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.2307/1250155 · Cited by 2,267
The Influence of Attitudes on Behavior
Albarracin, D., Johnson, B. T., & Zanna, M. P. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410612823-13 · Cited by 1,973
A Comparison of Web and Mail Survey Response Rates
Kaplowitz, M. D., Hadlock, T. D., & Levine, R. (2004) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nfh006 · Cited by 1,661
Understanding risk: informing decisions in a democratic society
(1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.34-5653 · Cited by 1,438
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Griffin , R. , Powell , M. , Dunwoody , S. , Neuwirth , K. , Clark , D. and Novotny , V. Testing the robustness of a risk information processing model . Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication . Toronto, Ontario, Canada. August ,
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–530 of 530
Online-Gesundheitskommunikation. Von Gesundheitsportalen über soziale Medien bis mobile Health
Stehr, P., & Rossmann, C. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-18017-1_15-2
Shen, Z., Alhur, A. A., Ramzan, M. A., & Naeem, S. B. (2025) · Journal of Librarianship and Information Science · doi:10.1177/09610006251387703
Consumers' willingness to use Home Medicines Review
Carter, S. (2012) · The Sydney eScholarship Repository (The University of Sydney)
Understanding Social Media Behaviour: The Role of Risk Perception in Crowdsourced Fact-Checking
Kožuh, I., & Čakš, P. (2025) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440251380094
Li, X. A., & Kahlor, L. A. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6151199
Self-citationJang, Y., & Kim, Y. (2026) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2026.102941
Rosset, M., Fisse, T., Schrimpff, C., & Baumann, E. (2026) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2026.2636816
Wei, J., & Ren, H. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1780596
Link, E., & Freytag, A. (2026) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2026.2666889
Link, E., & Bachl, M. (2026) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2026.2670540
Felgendreff, L., Baumann, E., Habig, S., Scharbrodt, R., Kalab, M., Dempfle, A., & Hertrampf, K. (2026) · Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s00432-026-06491-z
Kerstiens, S., Scherr, C. L., Majid, A., Hoell, C., Chisholm, R. L., McNally, E. M., & Rasmussen-Torvik, L. J. (2026) · Journal of Genetic Counseling · doi:10.1002/jgc4.70238
Risk-Related information seeking and risk perception of wildfires: the High Park Fire Burn Area
Mokry, M., & Kim, J. (2026) · Journal of Risk Research · doi:10.1080/13669877.2026.2674653
Niu, J., Wang, C., & Yang, Z. (2026) · Journal of Risk Research · doi:10.1080/13669877.2026.2674659
Guan, M., Yang, Q., Carey, P., Wolff, A. E., & Cao, W. (2026) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2026.2678930
Gimpel, R., & Arning, K. (2026) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2026.104793
Liu, R. W., Ying, C., & Fanari, A. (2026) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2026.2670328
Information abundance and flood-exposed housing demand in urban China
Lin, Z., Ramachandran, J., & Au, K. M. (2026) · International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis · doi:10.1108/ijhma-04-2026-0120
Yang, X., & Jia, Z. (2026) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2026.2699869
Rosen, Z., Meister, E., & Fox, A. (2026) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2026.2703180
Ji, Y. (2026) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2026.2707303
Li, W., Wang, Z., & Jin, Z. (2026) · Symmetry · doi:10.3390/sym18081245
Jorge, O. S., Leite, J. R., de Almeida, D. W., Lotto, M., & Cruvinel, T. (2026) · Ciência & Saúde Coletiva · doi:10.1590/1413-81232026316.07612024
Hong, S. J. (2026) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2026.2723336
U.S. consumers’ processing of information about CRISPR-edited pork products
Gakpo, J. O., Gulabrai, B. P., Sanders, C. E., Parrella, J. A., Proudman, J., Berger, T., & Mitloehner, F. M. (2026) · GM crops & food · doi:10.1080/21645698.2026.2719351
欧, 梦., & 李, 佰. (2026) · Global Journal of Media Studies · doi:10.26599/gjms.2026.9330028
Li, X. A., & Kahlor, L. A. (2026) · Journal of Risk Research · doi:10.1080/13669877.2026.2738123
Self-citationPromoting health information-seeking behaviour prior to vaccination decisions
Groß, M., Sievert, E. D. C., Korn, L., Santana, A. P., Betsch, C., & BOHM, R. M. (2026) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2026.2739472
Liu, K., Chen, M., & Taylor, L. D. (2026) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2026.2744879 · Cited by 1
Wiedicke, A., & Rossmann, C. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-47239-9_5-1
Metadata
- Authors
- Kahlor, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Texas at Austin
- Venue
- Health Communication
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2010-05-27
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 345-356
- ISSN
- 1041-0236 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-7027
- OpenAlex
- W2008674518
- Cited by
- 531
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 46 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 22.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Health Communication (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Risk Perception and Management
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Literacy and Information Accessibility
- Keywords
- risk information seeking, health information seeking, theory of planned behavior, risk information seeking and processing model, health risk perception, health risk behaviors
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Information Services, Models, Theoretical, Risk-Taking, Health Behavior, Intention, Consumer Health Information, Information Seeking Behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review