Cited by 1,661Survey Methodology and NonresponseSurvey Sampling and Estimation TechniquesCensus and Population Estimation

A Comparison of Web and Mail Survey Response Rates

Kaplowitz, M. D., Hadlock, T. D., Levine, R.·2004·Public Opinion Quarterly

Abstract

The Internet (also called the World Wide Web or the Web) is increasingly looked at as a means of surveying the public (Couper 2000). Possible advantages of using the Internet include cost savings associated with eliminating the printing and mailing of survey instruments (Cobanoglu, Warae, and Morec 2001) as well as time and cost savings of having returned survey data already in an electronic format. For special populations that regularly use the Internet, the Web has been found to be a useful means of conducting research (Couper, Traugott, and Lamias 2001; Sills and Song 2002). In some instances, a mixed-mode strategy has been suggested as a means for exploiting the advantages of Web surveys and minimizing nonresponse (Dillman 2000; Schaefer and Dillman 1998). To reliably use a mixed-mode strategy (e.g., mail surveys and Web surveys) or to select among alternative survey modes, researchers must understand and demonstrate the equivalency and complementarity, or relative strengths of alternative modes (Dillman 2000). Researchers have used survey response rates as one measure of equivalency.

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Authors
Kaplowitz, M. D., Hadlock, T. D., & Levine, R.
Affiliations
Michigan State University (US)
Venue
Public Opinion Quarterly
Published
2004-03-01
Volume
68
Issue
1
Pages
94-101
ISSN
  • 0033-362X (ISSN-L)
  • 1537-5331
OpenAlex
W2108653248
Cited by
1,661
References
10
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 88 · 2018: 80 · 2017: 86 · 2016: 117 · 2015: 126 · 2014: 125 · 2013: 132 · 2012: 161
FWCI
114.05
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Public Opinion Quarterly (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Survey Methodology and Nonresponse
  • Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Survey Sampling and Estimation Techniques
  • Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Census and Population Estimation
Keywords
online surveys, mail surveys, survey response rates, survey mode comparison, nonresponse, online data collection

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