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“It’s All in Your Head”: A Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Research About Disenfranchising Talk Experienced by Female Patients with Chronic Overlapping Pain Conditions
Abstract
Interactions between female patients with chronic pain and their medical providers in which providers question or contest the "realness" or nature of their illness experience (e.g. "It's all in your head") have been reported extensively in the extant qualitative literature, particularly for poorly understood ("contested") chronic pain syndromes. Many terms have been offered to describe this talk (e.g. invalidating, dismissive), resulting in conceptual fragmentation and isolated silos of research which together report about one communicative phenomenon. To rectify this fragmentation, the present study offers a meta-synthesis which explores, analyzes, and integrates the findings of 82 qualitative interview studies representing the patient-provider communication experiences of 2,434 female patients living with one or more of 10 chronic overlapping pain conditions (COPCs). COPCs are costly, gendered, and poorly understood. From the meta-synthesis, three key concepts are identified: (1) Functions of disenfranchising talk: Discrediting, silencing, and stereotyping; (2) Effects of disenfranchising talk: Harmed agency, credibility; access to care, support, and resources; and perception of patient-provider relationship; and (3) Responses to disenfranchising talk: Submission, critique, and resistance. Findings confirm the centrality of gender in the experience of disenfranchising talk, underscore the need to adopt an intersectional approach to the study of this talk along additional axes of race and class, and offer heuristic value toward conceptually unifying research about female COPC patients' experiences of disenfranchising talk from providers.
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“Additionally, people presenting with physical injury can understandably feel that their pain is being dismissed as being ‘all in their head’ when referred for psychological care.19 20”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hintz, E. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Connecticut (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hintz, Elizabeth A.
- ORCID
- Hintz, Elizabeth A.
- Venue
- Health Communication
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2022-06-12
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2501-2515
- ISSN
- 1041-0236 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-7027
- OpenAlex
- W4282590574
- Cited by
- 106
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 20.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Health Communication (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- associated
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Patient-Provider Communication in Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Medicine, History, and Philosophy
- Keywords
- chronic overlapping pain conditions, female patients, patient-provider communication, gender, silencing, stereotyping, patient agency, health care access, patient-provider relationship, intersectionality, race and class
- MeSH terms
- Chronic Disease, Communication, Female, Humans, Professional-Patient Relations, Qualitative Research, Chronic Pain
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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