The DOI matches its Crossref record; 97 of the 97 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
“It’s All in Your Head”: A Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Research About Disenfranchising Talk Experienced by Female Patients with Chronic Overlapping Pain Conditions
Abstract
Interactions between female patients with chronic pain and their medical providers in which providers question or contest the "realness" or nature of their illness experience (e.g. "It's all in your head") have been reported extensively in the extant qualitative literature, particularly for poorly understood ("contested") chronic pain syndromes. Many terms have been offered to describe this talk (e.g. invalidating, dismissive), resulting in conceptual fragmentation and isolated silos of research which together report about one communicative phenomenon. To rectify this fragmentation, the present study offers a meta-synthesis which explores, analyzes, and integrates the findings of 82 qualitative interview studies representing the patient-provider communication experiences of 2,434 female patients living with one or more of 10 chronic overlapping pain conditions (COPCs). COPCs are costly, gendered, and poorly understood. From the meta-synthesis, three key concepts are identified: (1) Functions of disenfranchising talk: Discrediting, silencing, and stereotyping; (2) Effects of disenfranchising talk: Harmed agency, credibility; access to care, support, and resources; and perception of patient-provider relationship; and (3) Responses to disenfranchising talk: Submission, critique, and resistance. Findings confirm the centrality of gender in the experience of disenfranchising talk, underscore the need to adopt an intersectional approach to the study of this talk along additional axes of race and class, and offer heuristic value toward conceptually unifying research about female COPC patients' experiences of disenfranchising talk from providers.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Additionally, people presenting with physical injury can understandably feel that their pain is being dismissed as being ‘all in their head’ when referred for psychological care.19 20”
From Impact of healthcare interventions on distress following acute musculoskeletal/orthopaedic injury: A scoping review of systematic reviews (2024) · cites this paper as [20]
Citations
Cites
Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color
Crenshaw, K. (1991) · Stanford Law Review · doi:10.2307/1229039 · Cited by 32,792 · cited 1×
“This sustained focus on WEIRD samples reflects a missed opportunity to take an intersectional (Crenshaw, 1991) approach to examining this talk.”
Background(1980) · Cited by 22,286
Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology
Krippendorff, K. (2019) · doi:10.4135/9781071878781 · Cited by 15,448
Epistemic Injustice: Power and the Ethics of Knowing
Fricker, M. (2007) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198237907.001.0001 · Cited by 9,198
(1972) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 5,727
Answering the Call for a Standard Reliability Measure for Coding Data
Hayes, A. F., & Krippendorff, K. (2007) · Communication Methods and Measures · doi:10.1080/19312450709336664 · Cited by 4,225
Noblit, G., & Hare, R. (1988) · doi:10.4135/9781412985000 · Cited by 2,723
Hoffman, K. M., Trawalter, S., Axt, J. R., & Oliver, M. N. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1516047113 · Cited by 2,486
Epstein, R. M., Franks, P., Fiscella, K., Shields, C. G., Meldrum, S. C., Kravitz, R. L., & Duberstein, P. R. (2005) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.02.001 · Cited by 1,211
Conducting a meta-ethnography of qualitative literature: Lessons learnt
Atkins, S., Lewin, S., Smith, H., Engel, M., Fretheim, A., & Volmink, J. (2008) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-8-21 · Cited by 981
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- *Ashe S., 2017, Health Psychology Open, 4, 1
- *Denny E., 2007, BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health, 33, 189
- Hintz, E. A. (2021). Explicating the process of communicative disenfranchisement for women with chronic overlapping pain conditions (COPCs) [Doctoral dissertation]. University of South Florida.
- Liu K., 2016, Pharmacy Practice (Granada), 14, 1
- Metts S., 1996, Communication and disenfranchisement: Social health issues and implications, 347
- Pieretti S., 2016, Annali Dell’Istituto Superiore Di Sanita, 52, 184
- *Pryma J., 2017, Social Science & Medicine, 181, 66
- Ray E. B., 1996, Communication and disenfranchisement: Social health issues and implications
- *Sadownik L., 2012, British Columbia Medical Journal, 54, 22
- *Taylor A., 2016, Global Qualitative Nursing Research, 3, 1
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–107 of 107
段, 永., & 林, 丹. (2026) · Global Journal of Media Studies · doi:10.26599/gjms.2026.9330023
Du, Y., & Xu, K. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10748124/v1
董, 玮., & 虞, 鑫. (2026) · Global Journal of Media Studies · doi:10.26599/gjms.2026.9330024
Kaikkonen, S., Savijärvi, M., & Finell, E. (2026) · Health An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health Illness and Medicine · doi:10.1177/13634593261473147
Communicative Fractures in Chronic Pain: A Conceptual Model for Health Communication
Barros-Beracaza, E., Rodrigo, E. M., & Garcia, F. G. (2026) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2026.2741907
A Lens of Resistance: Virtual Photovoice with BIPOC Women to Reframe Human Services Research
Rahman, R., Prophet, J., & Spector, A. Y. (2026) · Journal of Progressive Human Services · doi:10.1080/10428232.2026.2754594
Panoptic Pain and Women’s Disciplinary Governance in the Persistent Pain Clinic
Davies, D., Ballantyne, A., & Nie, J. (2026) · International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics · doi:10.3138/ijfab-2025-0025
Metadata
- Authors
- Hintz, E. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Connecticut (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hintz, Elizabeth A.
- ORCID
- Hintz, Elizabeth A.
- Venue
- Health Communication
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2022-06-12
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2501-2515
- ISSN
- 1041-0236 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-7027
- OpenAlex
- W4282590574
- Cited by
- 106
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 20.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Health Communication (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- associated
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Patient-Provider Communication in Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Medicine, History, and Philosophy
- Keywords
- chronic overlapping pain conditions, female patients, patient-provider communication, gender, silencing, stereotyping, patient agency, health care access, patient-provider relationship, intersectionality, race and class
- MeSH terms
- Chronic Disease, Communication, Female, Humans, Professional-Patient Relations, Qualitative Research, Chronic Pain
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review