The DOI matches its Crossref record; 61 of the 61 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Factors Influencing Learner Attitudes Towards ChatGPT-Assisted Language Learning in Higher Education
Open accessAbstract
Concerns regarding the potential risks associated with learners' misusing ChatGPT necessitate an extensive investigation into learner attitudes towards ChatGPT-assisted language learning. This study adopts a mixed-method approach, combining structural equation modeling techniques and interviews. It aims to examine the influencing factors of learner attitudes regarding ChatGPTassisted language learning under the extended three-tier technology use model from an interdisciplinary perspective, including the technology acceptance model, etc. The study finds that information system quality and hedonic motivation are more significant in contributing to performance expectancy and perceived satisfaction compared to self-regulation in ChatGPTassisted language learning. Behavioral intention is a better predictor of learning effectiveness in ChatGPT-assisted language learning than perceived satisfaction and performance expectancy. This research also examines the partial or full mediating effects of behavioral intention and performance expectancy between other variables. Although this study is limited by some aspects (e.g., the outdated version of ChatGPT-3 or ChatGPT-3.5), it holds substantial implications for future practice and research. It appeals to more attention from future developers on hedonic motivation and information services of ChatGPT and from future researchers on a more comprehensive insight into influencing factors of learner attitudes towards ChatGPT-assisted language learning.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“accessing a vast array of resources they might not otherwise find”
From Generative AI in Language Education: Bridging Divide and Fostering Inclusivity (2025) · cites this paper as Cai et al., 2023
Citations
Cites
Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/002224378101800104 · Cited by 109,190
Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling
Tabri, N., & Elliott, C. M. (2012) · Canadian Graduate Journal of Sociology and Criminology · doi:10.15353/cgjsc.v1i1.3787 · Cited by 39,094
A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8 · Cited by 38,459
(1998) · Cited by 36,049
When to Use and How to Report the Results of PLS-SEM
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019) · European Business Review · doi:10.1108/ebr-11-2018-0203 · Cited by 27,541
Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): An emerging tool in business research
F. Hair Jr, J., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & G. Kuppelwieser, V. (2014) · European Business Review · doi:10.1108/ebr-10-2013-0128 · Cited by 11,728
Information Systems Success: The Quest for the Dependent Variable
DeLone, W. H., & McLean, E. R. (1992) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.3.1.60 · Cited by 10,697
Self-Regulated Learning and Academic Achievement: An Overview
Zimmerman, B. J. (1990) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1207/s15326985ep2501_2 · Cited by 3,687
Hair, J., & Alamer, A. (2022) · Research Methods in Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1016/j.rmal.2022.100027 · Cited by 2,833
Handbook of Self-Regulation of Learning and Performance
Schunk, D. H. (2011) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203839010 · Cited by 2,191
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Asante, I. O., Jiang, Y., Hossin, A. M., & Luo, X. (2023). Optimization of consumer engagement with artificial intelligence elements on electronic commerce platforms. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 24(1), 7–28.
- 10.2307/3151312 · DOI · Paper page
- Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., & Ringle, C. M. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). SAGE Publications.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Influence of ChatGPT on Student Engagement: A Systematic Review and Future Research Agenda
Lo, C. K., Hew, K. F., & Jong, M. S.-Y. (2024) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2024.105100 · Cited by 392
Wang, C., Wang, H., Li, Y., Dai, J., Gu, X., & Yu, T. (2024) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2024.2383033 · Cited by 468
ChatGPT for L2 learning: Current status and implications
Yang, L., & Li, R. (2024) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2024.103351 · Cited by 213
Jaboob, M., Hazaimeh, M., & Al‐Ansi, A. M. (2024) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2023.2300016 · Cited by 203
Boudouaia, A., Mouas, S., & Kouider, B. (2024) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.1177/07356331241247465 · Cited by 186
Zheng, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, K. S.-X., & Jiang, M. Y. (2024) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-024-12763-3 · Cited by 153
Li, B., Lowell, V. L., Wang, C., & Li, X. (2024) · Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100266 · Cited by 218
Examining Students’ Acceptance and Use of ChatGPT in Saudi Arabian Higher Education
Sobaih, A. E. E., Elshaer, I. A., & Hasanein, A. M. (2024) · European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education · doi:10.3390/ejihpe14030047 · Cited by 123
Li, B., Bonk, C. J., Wang, C., & Kou, X. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies · doi:10.1109/tlt.2024.3386098 · Cited by 109
University students’ self-reported reliance on ChatGPT for learning: A latent profile analysis
Stojanov, A., Liu, Q., & Koh, J. H. L. (2024) · Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100243 · Cited by 117
Li, B., Tan, Y. L., Wang, C., & Lowell, V. L. (2025) · Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100445 · Cited by 217
Wijaya, T. T., Su, M., Cao, Y., Weinhandl, R., & Houghton, T. (2025) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-024-12837-2 · Cited by 80
Ali, I., Warraich, N. F., & Butt, K. (2024) · Information Development · doi:10.1177/02666669241257206 · Cited by 94
Yu-peng, L., & Yu, Z. (2024) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2024.2359222 · Cited by 84
Self-citationMaphoto, K. B., Sevnarayan, K., Mohale, N. E., Suliman, Z., Ntsopi, T. J., & Mokoena, D. (2024) · Open Praxis · doi:10.55982/openpraxis.16.2.649 · Cited by 129
Rezai, A., Soyoof, A., & Reynolds, B. L. (2024) · European Journal of Education · doi:10.1111/ejed.12752 · Cited by 86
Zou, B., Wang, C., Yan, Y., Du, X., & Ji, Y. (2025) · International Journal of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1111/ijal.12658 · Cited by 66
Wang, C., Chen, X., Hu, Z., Jin, S., & Gu, X. (2025) · Journal of Computer Assisted Learning · doi:10.1111/jcal.13117 · Cited by 73
Al-Qaysi, N., Al‐Emran, M., Al-Sharafi, M. A., Iranmanesh, M., Ahmad, A., & Mahmoud, M. A. (2024) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2024.2361210 · Cited by 73
Biju, N., Abdelrasheed, N. S. G., Bakiyeva, K., Prasad, K. D. V., & Jember, B. (2024) · Language Testing in Asia · doi:10.1186/s40468-024-00322-z · Cited by 90
Kohnke, L., Zou, D., & Su, F. (2025) · Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100371 · Cited by 109
Slamet, J. (2024) · Discover Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1007/s44163-024-00143-2 · Cited by 57
Ma, M. (2024) · International Journal of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1111/ijal.12603 · Cited by 60
The effects of generative AI usage in EFL classrooms on the l2 motivational self system
Huang, J., & Mizumoto, A. (2024) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-024-13071-6 · Cited by 73
Li, Y., & Chiu, T. K. F. (2025) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-025-13574-w · Cited by 87
Wang, C., Li, X., & Zou, B. (2025) · European Journal of Education · doi:10.1111/ejed.70054 · Cited by 58
Faraon, M., Rönkkö, K., Milrad, M., & Tsui, E. (2025) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-025-13492-x · Cited by 50
Meniado, J. C., Huyen, D. T. T., Panyadilokpong, N., & Lertkomolwit, P. (2024) · Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100313 · Cited by 119
Zou, B., Wang, C., He, H., Li, C., Purwanto, E., & Wang, P. (2025) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/j.lmot.2025.102158 · Cited by 46
Amin, M. A., Kim, Y. S., & Noh, M. (2024) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-024-13095-y · Cited by 55
Wang, C., & Yin, H. (2025) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2025.105250 · Cited by 48
Moradi, H. (2025) · International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education · doi:10.1186/s41239-025-00530-4 · Cited by 43
Determinants of student adoption of artificial intelligence applications in higher education
Alshammarı, S. H., Alrashidi, M. E., Alshammari, M. H., Alshammari, A. E. A., & Alkhwaldi, A. F. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-19851-5 · Cited by 53
Ballesteros, M. A. A., Acosta-Enriquez, B. G., Farroñán, E. V. R., Juárez, H. D. G., Salinas, L. E. C., Sánchez, J. E. B., Castillo, J. C. A., Licapa-Redolfo, G. S., & Chilicaus, G. C. F. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su162310707 · Cited by 51
Duong, C. D., Vu, T. N., Ngo, T. V. N., Do, N. D., & Tran, N. M. (2024) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2024.2356361 · Cited by 44
University Students’ Attitudes Toward ChatGPT Profiles and Their Relation to ChatGPT Intentions
Zhang, Y., Yang, X., & Tong, W. (2024) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2024.2331882 · Cited by 35
Shoval, D. H. (2025) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci15050637 · Cited by 56
The Roles of Social Perception and AI Anxiety in Individuals’ Attitudes Toward ChatGPT in Education
Wang, C., Li, X., Liang, Z., Sheng, Y., Zhao, Q., & Chen, S. (2024) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2024.2365453 · Cited by 38
Ruwe, T., & Mayweg-Paus, E. (2024) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2024.1461362 · Cited by 40
ChatGPT in Academic Writing: A Scientometric Analysis of Literature Published Between 2022 and 2023
Lendvai, G. F. (2025) · Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics · doi:10.1177/15562646251350203 · Cited by 56
Yu-peng, L., Niu, R., & Yu, Z. (2023) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/13621688231216201 · Cited by 35
Self-citationGkintoni, E., Vassilopoulos, S. P., & Νικολάου, Γ. (2025) · Biomimetics · doi:10.3390/biomimetics10060397 · Cited by 58
Amjad, A. I., Aslam, S., & Tabassum, U. (2024) · European Journal of Education · doi:10.1111/ejed.12625 · Cited by 50
Chen, X., Hu, Z., Li, Y., & Wang, C. (2025) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2025.2472288 · Cited by 33
Generative AI in Language Education: Bridging Divide and Fostering Inclusivity
Weng, Z., & Fu, Y. (2025) · International Journal of Technology in Education · doi:10.46328/ijte.1056 · Cited by 31
“Cai et al. (2023), as an example, showed that one of the most frequent language learning strengths in ChatGPT is its diverse resources.”
Wang, C., Wang, Y., & Zou, B. (2024) · Journal of Language Teaching · doi:10.54475/jlt.2024.004 · Cited by 25
Artificial intelligence in applied (linguistics): a content analysis and future prospects
Alaqlobi, O., Alduais, A. M. S., Qasem, F. A. A., & Alasmari, M. (2024) · Cogent Arts and Humanities · doi:10.1080/23311983.2024.2382422 · Cited by 50
Wen, Y., Zhao, X., Li, X., & Zang, Y. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17031127 · Cited by 30
Zhu, Z., Ren, Y., & Shen, A. (2025) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-025-13551-3 · Cited by 30
Lee, H., Huang, Y., & Wu, T. (2025) · European Journal of Education · doi:10.1111/ejed.70262 · Cited by 31
Wang, C., Chen, Y., Hu, Z., Li, Y., & Gu, X. (2025) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/s11423-025-10535-5 · Cited by 25
Iqbal, J., Asgarova, V., Hashmi, Z. F., Ngajie, B. N., Asghar, M. Z., & Järvenoja, H. (2025) · Discover Computing · doi:10.1007/s10791-025-09655-6 · Cited by 32
Khizar, H. M. U., Ashraf, A., Yuan, J., & Al‐Waqfi, M. A. (2025) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2025.124047 · Cited by 18
Yang, X., Liu, X., & Gao, Y. (2025) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/s11423-025-10540-8 · Cited by 26
Zhang, Y., & Yu, Z. (2025) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-025-13721-3 · Cited by 19
Self-citationFang, F., Meng, Y., Tang, L., & Cui, Y. H. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15070851 · Cited by 17
Du, Y., & Reynolds, B. L. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105307 · Cited by 22
A Systematic Rapid Review of Empirical Research on Students’ Use of ChatGPT in Higher Education
Dikilitaş, K., Klippen, M. I. F., & Keleş, S. (2024) · Nordic Journal of Systematic Reviews in Education · doi:10.23865/njsre.v2.6227 · Cited by 25
Jasrai, L. (2025) · The TQM Journal · doi:10.1108/tqm-12-2024-0498 · Cited by 19
Du, C., Tang, M., Wang, C., Zou, B., Xia, Y., & Du, Y. (2025) · Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching · doi:10.1080/17501229.2025.2555515 · Cited by 16
Yang, S., Dong, Y., & Yu, Z. G. (2024) · International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education · doi:10.4018/ijicte.346826 · Cited by 29
Self-citationZhou, G., Liu, W., Guo, S., & Yu-peng, L. (2025) · Computer Applications in Engineering Education · doi:10.1002/cae.70044 · Cited by 18
On the nascency of ChatGPT in foreign language teaching and learning
Fang, S., & Han, Z. (2025) · Annual Review of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1017/s026719052510010x · Cited by 29
Zhang, Y., & Pan, W. (2024) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2024.2426736 · Cited by 17
A Comparative Study on AI-Based Learning Behaviors: Evidence from Vietnam
Duong, N. T., Thi, T. D. P., & Pham, V. K. (2024) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2024.2430433 · Cited by 17
Usage Intention of ChatGPT for Health in Turkey: An Extended Technology Acceptance Model
Argan, M., Gürbüz, B., Dursun, M. T., Dinç, H., & Argan, M. T. (2024) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2024.2426045 · Cited by 12
Voices from the Flip: Teacher Perspectives on Integrating AI Chatbots in Flipped English Classrooms
Ling, Y., & Jan, J. M. (2025) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci15091219 · Cited by 17
Changes in Public Perception of ChatGPT: A Text Mining Perspective Based on Social Media
Liu, Y., & Lyu, Z. (2024) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2024.2406966 · Cited by 14
Personalizing AI tools for second language speaking: the role of gender and autistic traits
Du, Y., Wang, C., Zou, B., Ran, Z., Xia, Y., Ji, Y., Liu, Z., & Yan, Z. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1464575 · Cited by 13
A multidimensional study of AI adoption among University students in teacher education programs
Bećirović, S., Polz, E., & Tinkel, I. (2025) · Smart Learning Environments · doi:10.1186/s40561-025-00422-0 · Cited by 16
Han, Y., Yang, S., Han, S., He, W., Bao, S., & Kong, J. (2025) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-025-13375-1 · Cited by 10
Which educational approaches predict students’ generative AI confidence and responsibility?
Consoli, T., & Petko, D. (2025) · Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100431 · Cited by 17
Valentine Joseph Owan, P. D., Mohammed, I. A., Bello, A., & Shittu, T. A. (2025) · Contemporary Educational Technology · doi:10.30935/cedtech/17243 · Cited by 18
Rahimi, A. R., & Mosalli, Z. (2025) · Smart Learning Environments · doi:10.1186/s40561-025-00368-3 · Cited by 18
Ji, L., Darko, E., & Aziku, M. (2025) · Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research · doi:10.1007/s44322-025-00040-1 · Cited by 9
Lin, Y., & Wang, W. (2024) · The International Journal of Management Education · doi:10.1016/j.ijme.2024.101047 · Cited by 8
Self-citationLi, K., Lun, L., & Hu, P. (2025) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-025-13362-6 · Cited by 9
Sun, C., Jiang, G., Jingqiang, Z., & Sun, D. (2025) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2025.2470276 · Cited by 8
The Role of ARCS Motivation in Predicting ChatGPT Adoption Based on UTAUT3 Framework
Parveen, K., Alghamdi, A. A., Samee, N. M. A., & Shafiq, M. (2025) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.1177/07356331251362425 · Cited by 8
Du, C., & Yang, Y. (2025) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2025.103828 · Cited by 9
Liu, Z., Yan, Z., Zuo, H., & Lu, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1599478 · Cited by 12
Luo, R., Huang, L., & Ke, N. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-4246-2_6 · Cited by 8
Luo, Y., Zhou, G., & Cui, Y. (2026) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-025-13885-y · Cited by 14
Ajabshir, Z. F. (2024) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2024.2429756 · Cited by 7
Exploring the GenAI Literacy of Chinese University Students in EFL Learning
Li, T., & Ding, Y. (2025) · International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Teaching · doi:10.4018/ijcallt.377175 · Cited by 9
How does students' perception of ChatGPT shape online learning engagement and performance?
Mehrvarz, M., Salimi, G., Abdoli, S., & McLaren, B. M. (2025) · Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100459 · Cited by 17
Ambivalence and emotion in the age of AI: how students navigate ChatGPT in higher education
Christodoulou, E., & Zembylas, M. (2025) · Education Inquiry · doi:10.1080/20004508.2025.2567092 · Cited by 9
The role of epistemic beliefs in predicting ChatGPT adoption and avoidance in higher education.
Urhahne, D., Kehle, L., Dietrich, L., & Kremer, K. (2026) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.106334 · Cited by 8
Who uses general-purpose AI? A typology of ChatGPT early adopters
Gerling, C., Teubner, T., & Braesemann, F. (2026) · Electronic Markets · doi:10.1007/s12525-025-00853-0 · Cited by 11
Understanding EFL teachers’ affective and cognitive responses to ChatGPT in higher education
Wang, C., Zou, B., Zhang, W., Du, Y., & Hu, W. (2026) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-026-07360-3 · Cited by 9
Sun, J., Wang, Y., & Qian, Z. (2024) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2024.2443785 · Cited by 8
Almusharraf, A. M., & Bailey, D. (2025) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440251387804 · Cited by 10
Li, F., Chen, J., Shao, T., & Sun, J. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1756708 · Cited by 5
Sun, J., & Wang, Y. (2024) · Digital studies in language and literature · doi:10.1515/dsll-2024-0014 · Cited by 5
From the Gender Lens: Student Perceptions of ChatGPT in Higher Education
Fadillah, M. A., & Akbar, M. F. (2025) · Advances in Mobile Learning Educational Research · doi:10.25082/amler.2025.01.015 · Cited by 8
Zhang, L., Cao, W., Tsung, L., & Cao, W. (2025) · International Journal of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1111/ijal.12784 · Cited by 5
Al-Shamaileh, O., Mubin, O., & Nizamuddin, N. (2025) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2025.2532712 · Cited by 8
Cui, Y. H., Tang, L., & Fang, F. (2025) · Journal of Computer Assisted Learning · doi:10.1111/jcal.70111 · Cited by 5
Students' Perceptions of Using ChatGPT for Academic Writing in English
Launonen, P., Talalakina, E. V., & Dubova, G. (2024) · Półrocznik Językoznawczy Tertium · doi:10.7592/tertium.2024.9.1.274 · Cited by 14
ElSayad, G., & Mostafa, H. A. M. (2025) · Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education · doi:10.1108/jarhe-04-2025-0301 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Cai, Q., Lin, Y., & Yu, Z.
- Affiliations
- Beijing Language and Culture University (CN)
- Faculty of Foreign Studies, Beijing Language and Culture University, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author
- Yu, Zhonggen
- Venue
- International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2023-10-15
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 7112-7126
- ISSN
- 1044-7318 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-7590
- OpenAlex
- W4387671439
- Cited by
- 180
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 48 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 1
- FWCI
- 46.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction (publishedVersion)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Electromagnetic Environmental Effects and Electro-optical Engineering, People’s Liberation Army University of Science and Technology (CSLS 20230012)
- Special fund of Beijing Co-construction Project-Research and reform of the “Undergraduate Teaching Reform and Innovation Project” (202010032003)
- Key Research and Application Project of the Key Laboratory of Key Technologies for Localization Language Services of the State Administration of Press and Publication (20230012)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Technology Adoption and User Behaviour
- Social Sciences › Education › Artificial Intelligence in Education
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
- Keywords
- ChatGPT, student attitudes, AI-assisted language learning, higher education, technology acceptance model, information system quality, hedonic motivation, performance expectancy, perceived satisfaction, behavioral intention, self-regulation, mediating effect
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review