Cited by 156Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsMental Health Research TopicsAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

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Mindfulness, Assessment, and Transdiagnostic Processes

Baer, Ruth A.·2007·Psychological Inquiry

DOI 10.1080/10478400701598306

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Abstract

One of the most striking features of the rapidly growing literature reviewed by Brown, Ryan, and Creswell (2007, this issue) is the wide range of problems, disorders, and populations for which the ...

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Using Self-Report Assessment Methods to Explore Facets of Mindfulness
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191105283504 · Cited by 7,511 · cited 6×
“Similarly, Harvey et al. (2004) found moderate to strong evidence for the importance of selective attention to internal stimuli in specific and social phobias, generalized anxiety and panic disorders, hypochondriasis, pain, sleep, and body dysmorphic disorders, and unipolar depression, as well as tentative evidence fo…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citation
Acceptance and commitment therapy: model, processes and outcomes
Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006 · Cited by 6,587 · cited 2×
“, 2004) mediate the effects of treatment (Hayes et al., 2006).”
Background
Untitled work
(1999) · Cited by 5,934
Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: a conceptual and empirical review
Baer, R. A. (2003) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.bpg015 · Cited by 4,577
Self-citation
Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review.
Baer, R. A. (2003) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy/bpg015 · Cited by 4,576
Self-citation
Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes
Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.100.4.569 · Cited by 4,529
Untitled work
(2001) · Cited by 3,666
Mindfulness: Theoretical Foundations and Evidence for its Salutary Effects
Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., & Creswell, J. D. (2007) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/10478400701598298 · Cited by 3,654
Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment.
Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.64.6.1152 · Cited by 3,595
Prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depression by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy.
Teasdale, J. D., Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., Ridgeway, V. A., Soulsby, J. M., & Lau, M. A. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.68.4.615 · Cited by 3,236

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Baer R. A., 2007, Facets of self-reported mindfulness in experienced mediators
10.1037/0022-006X.64.6.1152 · DOI · Paper page
10.1093/clipsy/bpg017 · DOI · Paper page

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“…and Tate 2007), with some arguing that mindfulness represents a single quality of consciousness (i.e., present-centered awareness and attention) (Brown and Ryan 2003, 2004; Brown et al. 2007a, b) and others holding to a model that includes the five mindfulness skills (Baer 2007; Baer et al. 2006).”
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Background
Validation of the German Version of the Southampton Mindfulness Questionnaire (SMQ)
Böge, K., Schaeuffele, C., Jacobsen, P., Chadwick, P., Ergen, E., Hahne, I., Bergmann, N., Boettcher, J., Wingenfeld, K., Bajbouj, M., et al. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01447-x · Cited by 20
“Depression Converging evidence for the effectiveness of mindfulness practices demonstrates the importance of developing novel, reliable, and valid tools to measure mindfulness states and traits (Baer 2007).”
Background
The Role of Information Technology Mindfulness in the Postadoption Stage of Using Personal Health Devices: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study in Mobile Health
Esmaeilzadeh, P. (2020) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/18122 · Cited by 23
Bilinçli Farkındalık Temelli Kognitif Terapi Programının Bireylerin Depresif Belirti Düzeyleri Üzerine Etkisi
Demir, V. (2015) · DergiPark (Istanbul University) · Cited by 18
Testing the Relationship Between Social Anxiety Schemas, Mindfulness Facets, and State and Trait Social Anxiety Symptoms
Parsons, E. M., Luebbe, A. M., & Clerkin, E. M. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0738-6 · Cited by 18
Validation of the Dutch Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory in Patients With Medical Illness
Bruggeman-Everts, F. Z., van der Lee, M. L., Hooft, E. F. M. V. ‘., & Nyklíček, I. (2017) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244017705936 · Cited by 16
“To investigate whether, or to what extent, mindfulness skills are a working mechanism in MBIs in these patients, there is a need for reliable and valid tools to measure mindfulness (Baer, 2007).”
Background
The role of mindfulness in response to product cues and marketing communications
Bayraktar, A., Uslay, C., & Ndubisi, N. O. (2015) · International Journal of Business Environment · doi:10.1504/ijbe.2015.073180 · Cited by 15
Can clinical psychology students benefit from brief and intensive mindfulness training?
Schanche, E., Vøllestad, J., Binder, P. E., Osnes, B., Visted, E., Svendsen, J. L., & Sørensen, L. (2019) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.12273 · Cited by 13
Parents’ Dispositional Mindfulness, Child Conflict Discussion, and Childhood Internalizing Difficulties: A Preliminary Study
Bird, A. L., Russell, P. S., Pickard, J. A., Donovan, M. O., Madsen, M., & Herbert, J. S. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01625-5 · Cited by 18
“Mindfulness has been proposed as one such transdiagnostic factor (Maliken&Katz, 2013; Smith&Dishion, 2013) that is strongly related to a number of mental health presentations, as well as parenting attitudes and behaviours (Baer, 2007).”
BackgroundMethod
Cognitive-behavioral mechanisms underlying impostor phenomenon and depressive symptoms: A cross-cultural analysis
Cheung, J. O. H., & Cheng, C. (2024) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2024.112716 · Cited by 13
The effectiveness of mindfulness-based meditation treatments for late life anxiety: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Hatch, S., Webber, J., Rej, S., Finlayson, M. L., & Kessler, D. (2022) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2022.2102140 · Cited by 16
“Mindfulness meditation is distinct from mindfulness practices, and encourages the quietening of the mind and learning to be with one’s thoughts and emotions (Baer, 2007; Brown et al., 2007; Gayner, 2019a; Kabat-Zinn, 1990; Santorelli et al., 2017; Savel & Munro, 2017).”
Background
Cultivating Financial Mindfulness: A Dual-Process Theory
Stone, D. N. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0475-0_2 · Cited by 12
“A considerable and impressive body of research suggests that mindfulness is a multidimensional construct (Baer, 2007 ; Baer, Smith, Hopkins, Krietemeyer, & Toney, 2006 ) .”
Background
PROTOCOL: Practices and Program Components for Enhancing Prosocial Behavior in Children and Youth: A Systematic Review
Spivak, A. L., Lipsey, M. W., Farran, D. C., & Polanin, J. R. (2015) · Campbell Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/cl2.145 · Cited by 12
Efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Quality of Life of Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy.
Barogh, Z. S., Younesi, S. J., Sedaghati, A. H., & Sedaghati, Z. (2015) · PubMed · Cited by 11
Mindfulness- and Acceptance-Based Interventions in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders
Vøllestad, J. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22255-4_6 · Cited by 11
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy improves insomnia symptoms in individuals with recurrent depression: secondary analyses from a randomized controlled trial
Evanger, L. N., Flo, E., Sørensen, L., & Schanche, E. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1231040 · Cited by 10
“…for insomnia comorbid with recurrent MDD, the chronicity of both depression and insomnia appear to be related to tendencies toward ruminative thinking (i.e., repetitive thinking about potential causes, ongoing experience, and potential consequences of one’s current symptoms and distress) (31–34).”
Background
Cognitive Moderation of CBT: Disorder-Specific or Transdiagnostic Predictors of Treatment Response
Katz, D. E., Laposa, J. M., Hawley, L. L., Quigley, L., & Rector, N. A. (2019) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-019-10009-y · Cited by 10
“…consistent with an emerging literature in which multiple psychological factors have been theorized to be transdiagnostic in nature, contributing to psychopathology across multiple disorders rather than one specific diagnosis (e.g., Baer 2007; Carleton 2016; Ehring and Watkins 2008; Ingram 1990).”
Background
The Ego fixation hypothesis: Involuntary persistence of self-control
Koole, S. L., Mattie Tops, A., Strübin, S., Bouw, J., Schneider, I. K., Jostmann, N. B., Forgas, J. P., & Harmon-Jones, E. (2014) · VU Research Portal · Cited by 10
La méditation de pleine conscience
Berghmans, C. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-70843-5.00001-x · Cited by 12
Ecological momentary assessment of state fluctuations in mindfulness and symptoms in psychotic disorders
Raugh, I. M., Spilka, M. J., Luther, L., Suveg, C. M., & Strauss, G. P. (2023) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.08.002 · Cited by 9
Longitudinal associations between conscientiousness, dispositional mindfulness, and anxiety and depression in Chinese adolescents
Liu, T., Liu, Z., Zhang, L., & Mu, S. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-05249-x · Cited by 7
“On the contrary, the core components of DM are attention and awareness in self-present moment experience (Baer, 2007; Brown & Ryan, 2003), which are easily affected by anxiety and depression.”
Literature Review of Good Teachers: The Attributes and Gaps of Indonesian Teachers as a Profession
Haenilah, E. Y., Hariri, H., Ridwan, R., Ochayi, O. A., Maydiantoro, A., Zainaro, M. A., Bolado, J. R. T., Kesuma, T. A. R. P., Tusianah, R., & Isnainy, U. C. A. S. (2022) · Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies · doi:10.36941/ajis-2022-0044 · Cited by 7
“The rapidity of mindfulness training is driven by the empirical fact that many people regain their health from illnesses such as cancer, chronic pain, anxiety disorders, and depression from mindfulness training (Baer, 2007).”
Background
The Effects of Mindfulness on Sensory Marketing: The Role of Mental Imagery Vividness and the Sensory Type Number
Li, B., Jiang, Y., Wu, Y., & Wang, L. (2023) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs13030227 · Cited by 8
“According to the characteristics of mindfulness, consumers with a high level of mindfulness have higher motivation, sensation, and competence in their information processing [30].”
Background
Antecedents and outcome of mindful buying
Mathur, A., & Moschis, G. P. (2023) · Journal of Consumer Affairs · doi:10.1111/joca.12565 · Cited by 7
Direct Experience and the Course of Eating Disorders in Patients on Partial Hospitalization: A Pilot Study
Soler, J., Soriano, J., Ferraz, L., Grasa, E., Carmona, C., Portella, M. J., Seto, V., Álvarez, E., & Pérez, V. (2013) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2224 · Cited by 8
THE EFFECT OF ART THERAPY AND MINDFULNESS BASED COGNITIVE THERAPY PROGRAM ON THE LEVELS OF ALEXITHYMIA OF INDIVIDUALS
Demir, V. (2022) · ASYA STUDIES · doi:10.31455/asya.1160023 · Cited by 6
Cognitive Inhibition in Trauma Recovery Among Asylum Seekers: Test in a Randomized Trial of Mindfulness-Based Trauma Recovery for Refugees
Amir, I., Aizik-Reebs, A., Yuval, K., Hadash, Y., & Bernstein, A. (2023) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026231164958 · Cited by 6
“Despite these encouraging findings, there is very limited empirical study of targeted malleable risk processes and mechanisms of action of these mindfulness interventions among forcibly displaced people (FDP; Aizik-Reebs et al., 2022; Baer, 2007; Coffey et al., 2010; Yuval et al., 2020).”
Background
Does the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire measure the same constructs before and after ACT-based treatment? Examination of the longitudinal measurement invariance of the 24-item FFMQ-SF
Levin-Aspenson, H. F., Marks, R. M., Dalrymple, K. L., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2023) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.07.001 · Cited by 6
The growing influence of mindfulness on the work of the counselling psychologist. A review
O’Driscoll, A. (2009) · Counselling Psychology Review · doi:10.53841/bpscpr.2009.24.3-4.16 · Cited by 6
Assessing teacher-related experiential avoidance: Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Teachers Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (TAAQ-PT)
Galhardo, A. B., Carvalho, B., Massano‐Cardoso, I., & Cunha, M. I. V. A. (2020) · International Journal of School & Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/21683603.2020.1760978 · Cited by 7
The Lived Experience of Mindfulness in Adventure-Based Learning
Stuhr, P. T., & Denny, A. L. (2022) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci12090630 · Cited by 5
Virtually-Delivered Emotion Focused Mindfulness Therapy (EFMT) Group vs. Wait-List Control for Late-Life Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Hatch, S., Finlayson, M. L., Rej, S., & Kessler, D. (2023) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2023.04.007 · Cited by 5
L'approche transdiagnostique en psychopathologie
Monestès, J. (2016) · Dunod eBooks · doi:10.3917/dunod.mones.2016.01.0085 · Cited by 5
Mindful Parenting and Children’s Internalizing Problems: The Role of Children’s Emotional Regulation and Parental Gender
Tao, S., Lau, E. Y. H., Li, J., & Sun, J. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02628-2 · Cited by 6
“The concept is rooted in the broader framework of mindfulness, defined as a nonjudgmental, present-focused awareness and acceptance of one’s thoughts, emotions, and experiences (Baer, 2007; Brown & Ryan, 2003).”
Mindfulness and trauma recovery among internally displaced individuals: the mediating role of distress tolerance in a cross-sectional mediation model
Aldbyani, A., Alhimaidi, A., & Chuanxia, Z. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1677965 · Cited by 4
“The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), which comprises 39 items (Baer, 2007), has been demonstrated to be a reliable and valid scale in Arabic settings (Aldbyani, 2023).”
Changes in Trait Mindfulness after a Brief Mindfulness Training Program of Self-Breathing
Sakagami, M., Yokono, T., Abeywickrama, H. M., Seki, N., Miyasaka, M., & Uchiyama, M. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12202019 · Cited by 6
“Since the intervention in this study was conducted during a period of significant social disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic, even small changes in participants’ daily routines may have contributed to positive outcomes, potentially influencing the intervention’s effectiveness.”
Result

Authors: Baer, R. A.
Affiliations: University of Kentucky (US)
Corresponding author: Baer, Ruth A.
ORCID: Baer, Ruth A.
Venue: Psychological Inquiry
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2007-10-19
Volume: 18
Issue: 4
Pages: 238-242
ISSN: 1047-840X (ISSN-L)
1532-7965
DOI: 10.1080/10478400701598306
OpenAlex: W2125443068
Cited by: 156
References: 25
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 5.09
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Inquiry (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: mindfulness, transdiagnostic mechanisms, psychological assessment, mindfulness-based interventions, mental illness

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Mindfulness, Assessment, and Transdiagnostic Processes

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