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Carbon, Fossil Fuel, and Biodiversity Mitigation With Wood and Forests
Open accessAbstract
Life-cycle analyses, energy analyses, and a range of utilization efficiencies were developed to determine the carbon dioxide (CO2) and fossil fuel (FF) saved by various solid wood products, wood energy, and unharvested forests. Some products proved very efficient in CO2 and FF savings, while others did not. Not considering forest regrowth after harvest or burning if not harvested, efficient products save much more CO2 than the standing forest; but wood used only for energy generally saves slightly less. Avoided emissions (using wood in place of steel and concrete) contributes the most to CO2 and FF savings compared to the product and wood energy contributions. Burning parts of the harvested logs that are not used for products creates an additional CO2 and FF savings. Using wood substitutes could save 14 to 31% of global CO2 emissions and 12 to 19% of global FF consumption by using 34 to 100% of the world’s sustainable wood growth. Maximizing forest CO2 sequestration may not be compatible with biodiversity. More CO2 can be sequestered synergistically in the products or wood energy and landscape together than in the unharvested landscape. Harvesting sustainably at an optimum stand age will sequester more carbon in the combined products, wood energy, and forest than harvesting sustainably at other ages.
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“GHG mitigation efficacy of AR depends on regional contexts, such as local climate conditions (18, 26), forest plantation management strategies (3, 19, 27–30), tree species (28, 31), and wood product types and their life cycle activities [e.g., manufacturing processes, use phase, substitution benefits, and end of life (EOL)] (18, 19, 29, 30).”
From Climate-smart forestry through innovative wood products and commercial afforestation and reforestation on marginal land (2023) · cites this paper as [29]
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“Oliver et al [76] find it feasible to replace 10% of construction materials, resulting in substantial CO 2 emission reductions.”
From Material efficiency strategies to reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with buildings, vehicles, and electronics—a review (2019) · cites this paper as [76]
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“Second, displaced materials such as cement and steel have high emissions during production [76].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Oliver, C. D., Nassar, N. T., Lippke, B. R., & McCarter, J. B.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Oliver, Chadwick Dearing
- Venue
- Journal of Sustainable Forestry
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2014-03-28
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 248-275
- ISSN
- 1054-9811 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-756X
- OpenAlex
- W2046071902
- Cited by
- 234
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 4.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Sustainable Forestry (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Forest Service
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Forestry › Forest Management and Policy
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Forestry › Wood Residue Utilization and Solid Biofuels
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Environmental Impact and Sustainability
- Keywords
- wood products, wood energy, CO2 emissions, fossil fuel consumption, avoided emissions, wood substitute, forest carbon sequestration, biodiversity, sustainable harvesting, stand age, utilization efficiency, life cycle assessment
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