The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The effects of loneliness and social isolation on all-cause, injury, cancer, and CVD mortality in a cohort of middle-aged Finnish men. A prospective study
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: Loneliness and social isolation both increase mortality and are likely to affect health via several pathways. However, information on the potential pathways remains scarce. We investigated the associations between loneliness, social isolation, and mortality, and possible mechanisms underlying these connections. METHODS: = 2588) who were followed up for an average of 23.2 years. Mortality data were obtained from the national population register in 2012. Cox proportional hazards analysis with adjustments for possible confounding factors was used to examine the associations between loneliness and social isolation at baseline and all-cause, injury, cancer, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Mediation analysis was conducted to investigate the mechanisms underlying the associations of loneliness and social isolation with mortality. RESULTS: Loneliness predicted all-cause mortality, even after adjustments for all covariates. Loneliness predicted cancer mortality, except after adjustments for lifestyle variables or Human Population Laboratory (HPL) depression scores, and also predicted CVD mortality, except after adjustments for HPL depression scores. Social isolation predicted all-cause mortality and injury mortality. The effect of social isolation on all-cause mortality was mediated by loneliness and HPL depression scores. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that both loneliness and social isolation increase the risk of all-cause mortality, while they have differing effects on different causes of death. Loneliness and depressive symptoms may mediate the effect of social isolation on increased mortality.
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The Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale for cohort studies was used to evaluate methodological quality.
“Because all eligible studies had a cohort study design, the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale for cohort studies was used to evaluate methodological quality 30 31 .”
From A systematic review and meta-analysis of 90 cohort studies of social isolation, loneliness and mortality (2023) · cites this paper as [30]
The Sample section describes a prospective study of Finnish men, supporting its identification as a cohort study. The Statistical Methods section describes the paper’s analyses but does not mention the Newcastle–Ottawa scale or an assessment of methodological quality. The paper therefore supports the cohort-design part of the sentence, not the scale-use part. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kraav, S.-L., Awoyemi, O., Junttila, N., Vornanen, R., Kauhanen, J., Toikko, T., Lehto, S. M., Hantunen, S., & Tolmunen, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Eastern Finland (FI)
- University of Turku (FI)
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Kraav, Siiri-Liisi
- ORCID
- Venue
- Aging & Mental Health
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2020-10-14
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2219-2228
- ISSN
- 1360-7863 (ISSN-L)
- 1364-6915
- OpenAlex
- W3092816668
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9
- FWCI
- 3.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- urn.nb.no
- Locations
- Aging & Mental Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Signe ja Ane Gyllenbergin Säätiö
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Keywords
- loneliness, social isolation, all-cause mortality, trauma mortality, cancer mortality, cardiovascular mortality, depressive symptoms, mediation, middle-aged men, Finnish men
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Finland, Humans, Loneliness, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Social Isolation
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