The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
And we are still not saved: critical race theory in education ten years later
Abstract
In 1995, Teachers College Record published an article by Gloria Ladson‐Billings and William Tate entitled ‘Toward a critical race theory of education’. In this article, the authors proposed that critical race theory (CRT), a framework developed by legal scholars, could be employed to examine the role of race and racism in education. Within a few years of the publication of the article by Ladson‐Billings and Tate, several scholars in education had begun to describe their work as reflecting a CRT framework. In this article, we review the literature on CRT in education that has been published over the past ten years. We also assess how far we have come with respect to CRT in education and suggest where we might go from here.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Review of research in education
Shulman, L. S., Mowry, S., & Berliner, D. C. (1973) · F.E. Peacock eBooks · Cited by 7,754
Harris, C. I. (1993) · Harvard Law Review · doi:10.2307/1341787 · Cited by 5,300
Critical Race Methodology: Counter-Storytelling as an Analytical Framework for Education Research
Solórzano, D. G., & Yosso, T. J. (2002) · Qualitative Inquiry · doi:10.1177/107780040200800103 · Cited by 4,257 · cited 1×
“Similarly, Solorzano and Yosso (2002) have outlined what they call a ‘critical race methodology’—a methodology that focuses on the stories and experiences of students of colour.”
BackgroundCritical Race Theory: The Key Writings That Formed the Movement
Caldwell, V. F., & Crenshaw, K. W. (1996) · Columbia Law Review · doi:10.2307/1123408 · Cited by 3,897
Toward a Critical Race Theory of Education
Ladson-Billings, G., & Tate, W. F. (1995) · Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education · doi:10.1177/016146819509700104 · Cited by 3,881
Just what is critical race theory and what's it doing in a nice field like education?
Ladson-Billings, G. (1998) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education · doi:10.1080/095183998236863 · Cited by 3,186
Toward a Critical Race Theory of Education
Ladson-Billings, G., & Tate, W. F. (2016) · Critical Race Theory in Education · doi:10.4324/9781315709796-2 · Cited by 3,167
Southern California Law Review
Sayre, P. L. (1927) · Indiana Magazine of History (Indiana University) · Cited by 2,594
Brown v. Board of Education and the Interest-Convergence Dilemma
Bell, D. A. (1980) · Harvard Law Review · doi:10.2307/1340546 · Cited by 2,574
(2000) · The Journal of Negro Education · Cited by 2,472
Research works printed but not linked: 20
- Crenshaw K, 1989, National Black Law Journal, 11, 1
- Crenshaw K, 1995, Critical race theory: the key writings that formed the movement
- Duncan G, 2002, Qualitative Inquiry, 8, 85, 10.1177/107780040200800106 · doi:10.1177/107780040200800106
- Fernandez L, 2002, Qualitative Inquiry, 8, 45, 10.1177/107780040200800104 · doi:10.1177/107780040200800104 · Paper page
- Fine M, 1991, Framing dropouts: notes on the politics of an urban high school
- Ladson‐Billings G, 1999, Review of research in education, 24, 221
- Lawrence C, 1995, Critical race theory: the key writings that formed the movement, 336
- Matsuda M, 1995, Critical race theory: the key writings that formed the movement, 63
- Matsuda M, 1993, Words that wound: critical race theory, assualtive speech and the first amendment
- McKenzie K, 2004, The Commercial Appeal, A1, A19
- Oakes J, 2000, Coursetaking and achievement in mathematics and science: Inequalities that endure and change
- Orfield G, 2004, q?
- Parker L, 2002, Qualitative Inquiry, 8, 7
- Pursley G, 2003, Texas Law Review, 82, 153
- Tate W, 1999, Race is … race isn’t: critical race theory and qualitative studies in education, 251
- 10.1177/0895904893007003002 · doi:10.1177/0895904893007003002
- Taylor E, 1999, Race is … race isn’t: critical race theory and qualitative studies in education, 181
- 10.1080/713845281 · doi:10.1080/713845281
- Vavrus M, 2002, Transforming the multicultural education of teachers: theory, research and practice
- Villalpando O, 2002, The racial crisis in American higher education, 243
Cited by
Race, Culture, and Researcher Positionality: Working Through Dangers Seen, Unseen, and Unforeseen
Milner, H. R. (2007) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x07309471 · Cited by 1,714
Dis/ability critical race studies (DisCrit): theorizing at the intersections of race and dis/ability
Annamma, S. A., Connor, D., & Ferri, B. (2013) · Race Ethnicity and Education · doi:10.1080/13613324.2012.730511 · Cited by 1,272
Critical Race Theory, Racial Microaggressions, and Campus Racial Climate for Latina/o Undergraduates
Yosso, T., Smith, W., Ceja, M., & Solórzano, D. (2009) · Harvard Educational Review · doi:10.17763/haer.79.4.m6867014157m707l · Cited by 1,221
The Sociopolitical Turn in Mathematics Education
Gutiérrez, R. (2013) · Journal for Research in Mathematics Education · doi:10.5951/jresematheduc.44.1.0037 · Cited by 758
Teaching To and Through Cultural Diversity
Gay, G. (2013) · Curriculum Inquiry · doi:10.1111/curi.12002 · Cited by 755
Metadata
- Authors
- Dixson, A. D., & Rousseau, C. K.
- Venue
- Race Ethnicity and Education
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2005-03
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 7-27
- ISSN
- 1361-3324 (ISSN-L)
- 1470-109X
- OpenAlex
- W1964302339
- Cited by
- 695
- References
- 41
- FWCI
- 49.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: And we are still not saved: critical race theory in education ten years later. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/1361332052000340971
- The paper
- Dixson, A. D., & Rousseau, C. K. (2005). And we are still not saved: critical race theory in education ten years later. Race Ethnicity and Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/1361332052000340971
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.