Self-exploration, anonymity and risks in the online setting: analysis of narratives by 14–18-year olds
Open accessAbstract
This article explores youth narratives of Internet risks and opportunities brought about by user anonymity. Using an essay-based study of 258 youth (mean age 15.4 years, 56% female), we examined youth narratives concerning the effects of Internet anonymity on youth behavior online. Narratives were written anonymously to maximize disclosure. The needs categories of self-determination theory (SDT) for autonomy, relatedness, and competence were used to identify risks and opportunities in youth narratives. The analysis of the data was thematic, using both quantitative and qualitative methods with SDT providing an effective descriptive framework. Quantitative thematic analysis showed that 17% of the narratives included a notion of competence, 32% autonomy and 30% relatedness. Risks were also prevalent in the narratives, with primary themes of 74% cyberbullying and insults, 27% identity theft and risky false identity, and 18% sexual harassment or exploitation. The qualitative analysis underlines the interaction of both risks and opportunities in the use of social media online by youth. These findings illuminate both the importance of Internet opportunities as a social tool for youth need fulfillment toward self-determination and the social risks that youth Internet use involves.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Keipi and Oksanen (2014) suggest a continuum of anonymity ranging from full anonymity to face-to-face interaction, with pseudonymity and visual anonymity in between.
“Keipi and Oksanen (2014) suggest a continuum of anonymity, ranging from full anonymity to face-to-face interaction, with pseudonymity (e.g., interaction through avatars) and visual anonymity (interactions without physical characteristics or cues) falling in between.”
From Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships (2018) · cites this paper as Keipi and Oksanen (2014)
Cites
The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1104_01 · Cited by 34,210 · see citing works
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.55.1.68 · Cited by 27,815 · see citing works
Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7 · Cited by 26,772 · see citing works
The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation.
Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.117.3.497 · Cited by 23,245 · see citing works
Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior
Miller, K. A. J., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1988) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2070638 · Cited by 15,361 · see citing works
(1998) · Cited by 13,501 · see citing works
Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x · Cited by 9,939 · see citing works
Self‐determination theory and work motivation
Gagné, M., & Deci, E. L. (2005) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.322 · Cited by 7,757 · see citing works
Self-determination theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development, and health
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008) · Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/a0012801 · Cited by 6,664 · see citing works
Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: 1955
Feshbach, S., & Jones, M. R. (1957) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1419253 · Cited by 3,842 · see citing works
The motivational pull of video games: a self-determination theory approach
Ryan, R. M., Rigby, C. S., & Przybylski, A. (2006) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-006-9051-8 · Cited by 3,332 · see citing works
A motivational approach to self: integration in personality.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 2,704 · see citing works
Social psychological aspects of computer-mediated communication
Kiesler, S., Siegel, J., & McGuire, T. W. (1984) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.39.10.1123 · Cited by 2,630 · see citing works
Psychological Needs and the Facilitation of Integrative Processes
Ryan, R. M. (1995) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1995.tb00501.x · Cited by 2,245 · see citing works
The Third-Person Effect in Communication
Davison, W. P. (1983) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1086/268763 · Cited by 1,967 · see citing works
Identity Processes and Social Stress
Burke, P. J. (1991) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2096259 · Cited by 1,762 · see citing works
Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication
Troy, J. (2005) · VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-322-80802-8_11 · Cited by 1,654 · see citing works
Self-disclosure in computer-mediated communication: The role of self-awareness and visual anonymity
Joinson, A. N. (2001) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.36 · Cited by 1,458 · see citing works
Coming of age in Second Life: an anthropologist explores the virtually human
Boellstorff, T. (2009) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.46-5685 · Cited by 1,421 · see citing works
The empirical exploration of intrinsic motivational processes
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1980) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60130-6 · Cited by 1,352 · see citing works
Whose space? differences among users and non-users of social network sites
Hargittai, E. (2007) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00396.x · Cited by 1,286 · see citing works
Online and offline social networks: Use of social networking sites by emerging adults
Subrahmanyam, K., Reich, S. M., Waechter, N., & Espinoza, G. (2008) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2008.07.003 · Cited by 1,284 · cited 2× · see citing works
“The applications of anonymity online are complex, with an interactive flexibility that can provide enhancement to the interactive and communicative demands of youth online (Kaveri et al. 2008).”
BackgroundYouth, Identity, and Digital Media
Buckingham, D. (2007) · Directory of Open access Books (OAPEN Foundation) · doi:10.1162/dmal.9780262524834.vii · Cited by 1,257 · see citing works
(2002) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470774298 · Cited by 1,186 · see citing works
Motivation in online learning: Testing a model of self-determination theory
Chen, K., & Jang, S. (2010) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.01.011 · Cited by 860 · see citing works
The European Health Psychologist
Todorova, I. L. G., Araújo‐Soares, V., & Sniehotta, F. F. (2005) · European Health Psychologist · Cited by 777 · see citing works
Anonymity, Unobservability, and Pseudonymity — A Proposal for Terminology
Pfitzmann, A., & Köhntopp, M. (2001) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/3-540-44702-4_1 · Cited by 763 · see citing works
Reputation and Efficiency in Social Interactions: An Example of Network Effects
Raub, W., & Weesie, J. (1990) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/229574 · Cited by 747 · see citing works
Why Youth Heart Social Network Sites: The Role of Networked Publics in Teenage Social Life
boyd, D. (2017) · Issue Lab (Candid) · doi:10.17605/osf.io/22hq2 · Cited by 735 · see citing works
Psychosocial Risk Factors Associated With Cyberbullying Among Adolescents: A Population-Based Study
Sourander, A., Brunstein Klomek, A., Ikonen, M., Lindroos, J., Luntamo, T., Koskelainen, M., Ristkari, T., & Helenius, H. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.79 · Cited by 733 · see citing works
Deindividuation and antinormative behavior: a meta-analysis
Postmes, T., & Spears, R. (1998) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.123.3.238 · Cited by 667 · see citing works
Livingstone, S., & Helsper, E. J. (2009) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444809342697 · Cited by 631 · see citing works
Optimal learning in optimal contexts: The role of self-determination in education.
Guay, F., Ratelle, C. F., & Chanal, J. P. (2008) · Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/a0012758 · Cited by 577 · see citing works
Computer-mediated communication, de-individuation and group decision-making
Lea, M., & Spears, R. (1991) · International Journal of Man-Machine Studies · doi:10.1016/0020-7373(91)90045-9 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Adolescents’ identity experiments on the internet
Valkenburg, P. M., Schouten, A. P., & Peter, J. (2005) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444805052282 · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Knowing Me, Knowing You: Anonymity Effects on Social Identity Processes within Groups
Lea, M., Spears, R., & de Groot, D. (2001) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167201275002 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
The Emotional Impact of Bullying and Cyberbullying on Victims: A European Cross‐National Study
Ruiz, R. O., Elipe, P., Mora-Merchán, J. A., Genta, M. L., Brighi, A., Guarini, A., Smith, P. K., Thompson, F., & Tippett, N. (2012) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.21440 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
The self-attention-induced feedback loop and social facilitation
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1981) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(81)90039-1 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Risks and safety on the internet: the perspective ofEuropean children. Full findings.
Livingstone, S., Haddon, L., Görzig, A., & Ólafsson, K. (2011) · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Coming of age with the internet
McMillan, S. J., & Morrison, M. A. (2006) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444806059871 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Mobile Communication as a Social Stage
Oksman, V., & Turtiainen, J. (2004) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444804042518 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Why Study People's Stories? The Dialogical Ethics of Narrative Analysis
Frank, A. W. (2002) · International Journal of Qualitative Methods · doi:10.1177/160940690200100102 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Understanding motivation for exercise: A self-determination theory perspective.
Wilson, P. M., Mack, D. E., & Grattan, K. P. (2008) · Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/a0012762 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Adolescents Online: The Importance of Internet Activity Choices to Salient Relationships
Blais, J., Craig, W., Pepler, D. J., & Connolly, J. (2007) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-007-9262-7 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
The human choice : Individuation, reason and order vs. deindividuation, impulse, and chaos
Zimbardo, P. G. (1969) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Kids onlineOpportunities and risks for children
Livingstone, S., & Haddon, L. (2009) · Policy Press eBooks · doi:10.1332/policypress/9781847424396.001.0001 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Deindividuation and valence of cues: Effects on prosocial and antisocial behavior.
Johnson, R. D., & Downing, L. L. (1979) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.37.9.1532 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Deindividuation and valence of cues: Effects on prosocial and antisocial behavior.
Johnson, R. D., & Downing, L. L. (1979) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.9.1532 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Some aspects of deindividuation: Identification and conformity
Singer, J. E., Brush, C. A., & Lublin, S. C. (1965) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(65)90015-6 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Consumer Use and Business Potential of Virtual Worlds: The Case of “Second Life”
Kaplan, A., & Haenlein, M. (2009) · The International Journal on Media Management · doi:10.1080/14241270903047008 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Lehdonvirta, V., & Räsänen, P. (2010) · Journal of Youth Studies · doi:10.1080/13676261.2010.506530 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
(2009) · Bristol University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctt9qgvds · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Wolak, J., David Finkelhor, B., Mitchell, K. J., & Ybarra, M. L. (2010) · Psychology of Violence · doi:10.1037/2152-0828.1.s.13 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Risks and safety for Australian children on the internet
Green, L., Brady, D., Ólafsson, K., Hartley, J., & Lumby, C. (2011) · Cultural Science Journal · doi:10.5334/csci.40 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Gergen, K. J., Gergen, M., & Barton, W. H. (1973) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e400532009-005 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Telling Tales in School: Youth Culture and Conflict Narratives
Morrill, C., Adelman, M., Bejarano, C., Yalda, C. A., & Musheno, M. (2000) · Law & Society Review · doi:10.2307/3115137 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Virtual worlds and the learner hero
Rigby, C. S., & Przybylski, A. K. (2009) · Theory and Research in Education · doi:10.1177/1477878509104326 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Possible Selves: An Exploration of the Utility of a Narrative Approach
Whitty, M. T. (2002) · Identity · doi:10.1207/s1532706xid0203_02 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
LINKED OR DIVIDED BY THE WEB?: Internet use and sociability in four European countries
Räsänen, P., & Kouvo, A. (2007) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/13691180701307461 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
The Construction of Identity on the Internet
Moinian, F. (2006) · Childhood · doi:10.1177/0907568206058610 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Identification with online and offline communities: Understanding ICT disparities in Finland
Näsi, M., Räsänen, P., & Lehdonvirta, V. (2011) · Technology in Society · doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2011.03.003 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Digital Content Creation: Perceptions, Practices, and Perspectives
Drotner, K., & Schrøder, K. C. (2010) · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Possible selves: exploring the utility of a narrative approach
Whitty, M. T. (2002) · Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Green, L., Brady, D., Ólafsson, K., Hartley, J., & Lumby, C. (2011) · Cultural Science Journal · Cited by 7 · see citing works
DISTANT FRIENDS ONLINE? RURAL AND URBAN ADOLESCENTS’ COMMUNICATION ON THE INTERNET
Dooris, J., SOTIRELI, T., & van Hoof, S. (2008) · Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9663.2008.00462.x · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 67 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Nesi, J., Choukas-Bradley, S., & Prinstein, M. J. (2018) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-018-0261-x · Cited by 712 · see citing works
Exposure to Online Hate among Young Social Media Users
Oksanen, A., E.Hawdon, J., Holkeri, E., Näsi, M., & Räsänen, P. (2014) · Sociological studies of children and youth · doi:10.1108/s1537-466120140000018021 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Role of Virtual Communities in Gambling and Gaming Behaviors: A Systematic Review
Sirola, A., Savela, N., Savolainen, I., Kaakinen, M., & Oksanen, A. (2020) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-020-09946-1 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationKaakinen, M., Keipi, T., Räsänen, P., & Oksanen, A. (2017) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2016.0728 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationEllison, N. B., Blackwell, L., Lampe, C. A. C., & Triệu, P. (2016) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/2056305116670673 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Sirola, A., Kaakinen, M., Savolainen, I., Paek, H., Zych, I., & Oksanen, A. (2021) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2021.101582 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationAnonymity and its role in digital aggression: A systematic review
Kim, M., Ellithorpe, M., & Burt, S. A. (2023) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2023.101856 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Social capital and online hate production: A four country survey
Kaakinen, M., Räsänen, P., Näsi, M., Minkkinen, J., Keipi, T., & Oksanen, A. (2017) · Crime Law and Social Change · doi:10.1007/s10611-017-9764-5 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationGlamorizing rampage online: School shooting fan communities on YouTube
Oksanen, A., E.Hawdon, J., & Räsänen, P. (2014) · Technology in Society · doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2014.08.001 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationNurmi, J., Kaskela, T., Perälä, J., & Oksanen, A. (2017) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.05.018 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationWho am I Online? Understanding the Meaning of Online Contexts for Identity Development
Wängqvist, M., & Frisén, A. (2016) · Adolescent Research Review · doi:10.1007/s40894-016-0025-0 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
TikTok-inspired self-diagnosis and its implications for educational psychology practice
Foster, A., & Ellis, N. (2024) · Educational Psychology in Practice · doi:10.1080/02667363.2024.2409451 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Online communities come with real-world consequences for individuals and societies
Oksanen, A., Celuch, M., Oksa, R., & Savolainen, I. (2024) · Communications Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44271-024-00112-6 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationExposure to online hate material and subjective well-being
Keipi, T., Räsänen, P., Oksanen, A., E.Hawdon, J., & Näsi, M. (2017) · Online Information Review · doi:10.1108/oir-05-2016-0133 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationRaitanen, J., Sandberg, S., & Oksanen, A. (2017) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639625.2017.1411044 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationSwearer, S. M., Martin, M. J., Brackett, M. A., & Palacios, R. (2016) · Adolescent Research Review · doi:10.1007/s40894-016-0037-9 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Who prefers anonymous self-expression online? A survey-based study of Finns aged 15–30 years
Keipi, T., Oksanen, A., & Räsänen, P. (2014) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2014.991342 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationOnline Activities, Digital Media Literacy, and Networked Individualism of Korean Youth
Park, S., Kim, E.-M., & Na, E.-Y. (2014) · Youth & Society · doi:10.1177/0044118x14561008 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
De víctimas, perpetradores y espectadores: una meta-etnografía de los roles en el ciberbullying
Moretti, M. C., & Herkovits, D. (2021) · Cadernos de Saúde Pública · doi:10.1590/0102-311x00097120 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Novo, F., Pereira, F., & de Matos, M. A. V. (2014) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Heiman, T., Olenik‐Shemesh, D., & Liberman, G. (2017) · Journal of Youth Studies · doi:10.1080/13676261.2017.1366650 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Poppi, F. I. M., & Sandberg, S. (2020) · Narrative Inquiry · doi:10.1075/ni.18053.pop · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Kaakinen, M., Keipi, T., Oksanen, A., & Räsänen, P. (2018) · Policy & Internet · doi:10.1002/poi3.173 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Use of Dark Web as a COVID-19 Information Source: A Three-Country Study
Sirola, A., Nuckols, J. A., Nyrhinen, J., & Wilska, T. (2022) · Technology in Society · doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.102012 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Keipi, T., Kaakinen, M., Oksanen, A., & Räsänen, P. (2017) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/2056305117690013 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationSocial Media’s Influence on Identity Formation and Self Expression
Tovar, M., Rosillo, M., & Spaniardi, A. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-24804-7_4 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Adolescent friendship challenges in a digital context
White, A. E., Weinstein, E., & Selman, R. L. (2016) · Convergence The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies · doi:10.1177/1354856516678349 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Omnia Vincit Amor: Narratives of Sexual Promiscuity
Poppi, F. I. M. (2019) · Sexuality & Culture · doi:10.1007/s12119-019-09672-w · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Keipi, T. (2017) · Young · doi:10.1177/1103308817715142 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationThe effects of co-presence on risk perception and intention to engage in risky behaviors.
Cristea, M., & Delhomme, P. (2016) · Journal of Safety Research · doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2015.12.006 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Undercurrents of echo chambers and flame wars: party political correlates of social media behavior
Koiranen, I., Koivula, A., Malinen, S., & Keipi, T. (2021) · Journal of Information Technology & Politics · doi:10.1080/19331681.2021.1950095 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationCyberbullying and Internet Safety
Kelly, D. M., & Arnold, C. (2015) · Advances in media, entertainment and the arts (AMEA) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-8310-5.ch021 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Koivula, A., Keipi, T., Koiranen, I., & Räsänen, P. (2018) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91521-0_23 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Use of Dark Web as a COVID-19 Information Source: A Three-Country StudyPreprint
Sirola, A., Nuckols, J. A., Nyrhinen, J., & Wilska, T. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4010785 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Play with secrets: understanding motivations and gratifications in one-way anonymous communication
Wang, Y., Chen, H., & Lan, X. (2025) · Young Consumers Insight and Ideas for Responsible Marketers · doi:10.1108/yc-01-2025-2383 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
García, S. C., Vilches, M. D., & Cerezo, M. G. (2024) · Revista Española de Sociología · doi:10.22325/fes/res.2024.208 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Online Hate and Harmful Content
Keipi, T., Näsi, M., Oksanen, A., & Räsänen, P. (2016) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315628370 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Self-citationTurkish adolescents' anonymous use of social networking sites (SNSs): A phenomenological study
Çimşir, E., Akdoğan, R., & Akbayrak, A. (2024) · Psychology in the schools (Print) · doi:10.1002/pits.23200 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Cluster Analysis in Victims of Perceived Cyberbullying at the Higher Education Level
Cervero, A., Bernardo, A. B., Araújo, A. M., & Herrero, E. T. (2024) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/vv-2024-0098 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Hickman, E., & Macaulay, P. J. R. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-2613-8_8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Adorjan, M., Ricciardelli, R., & Mukherjee, M. (2023) · British Journal of Educational Studies · doi:10.1080/00071005.2023.2247475 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Komunikasi Hyperpersonal dalam Chatting Anonim Pengguna Bot Anonymous Chat di Telegram
Nisaulfitri, N. D., & Alamiyah, S. S. (2023) · JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan · doi:10.54371/jiip.v6i11.3182 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Thériault, V. (2015) · Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Tzankova, V. (2018) · The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology · doi:10.1002/9781405165518.wbeos1142 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bradley, A., Gmiro, Y., Stoakes, A., Meloff, Z., Hasan, S. J., Heaslip, A., & Howard, A. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/pehxw · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Online Personas, Offline Identities: Exploring the Use of Pseudonyms Amongst Saudi Twitter UsersPreprint
Alshehri, R. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5111097 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Youth Engagement in the Era of New Media
Iwasaki, Y. (2016) · Advances in public policy and administration (APPA) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-1081-9.ch006
Teen Perceptions Of Cell Phone And Internet Sexual Messaging: Trends And Predictors
Gregg, D. H. (2016) · Human Biology
Meaningful Youth Engagement Through Media Usage
Iwasaki, Y. (2017) · International Journal of Civic Engagement and Social Change · doi:10.4018/ijcesc.2017100103
Centrality of Youth Engagement in Media Involvement
Iwasaki, Y. (2020) · Advances in public policy and administration (APPA) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-1828-1.ch005
الزواج عبر التعارف الرقمى وعلاقته بالأمن الاجتماعى کما یدرکه الشباب
محمد, ص. ش. ا. (2019) · مجلة التربية النوعية و التکنولوجيا بحوث علمية و تطبيقية · doi:10.21608/maat.2019.98606
دمج وتطویع التراکیب النسجیة کمدخل لإثراء المعلقة المنسوجة
حسـن, ر. ا. س. (2019) · مجلة التربية النوعية و التکنولوجيا بحوث علمية و تطبيقية · doi:10.21608/maat.2019.98591
Centrality of Youth Engagement in Media Involvement
Iwasaki, Y. (2021) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-3706-3.ch042
Cyberbullying and Internet Safety
Kelly, D. M., & Arnold, C. (2018) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-7036-3.ch001
Le peculiarità del gioco d'azzardo online. Dalla letteratura internazionale ai dati italiani
Boriati, D., & Grignoli, D. (2022) · SICUREZZA E SCIENZE SOCIALI · doi:10.3280/siss2022-001004
Meaningful Youth Engagement Through Media Usage
Iwasaki, Y. (2018) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-7311-1.ch038
Youth Engagement in the Era of New Media
Iwasaki, Y. (2018) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-7311-1.ch006
Vuong, Q., Le, T.-T., Jin, R., Hoang, G., Quang-Loc, N., & Nguyen, M. (2023) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/p2j65
Navigating Leisure, Work and Identity Online
Keddie, A., & Flood, M. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-99980-2_2
Stoakes, A., Meloff, Z., Howard, A., Heaslip, A., Bradley, A., Gmiro, Y., & Hasan, S. J. (2026) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)
Huang, W., Qu, J., & Chen, X. (2026) · Youth & Society · doi:10.1177/0044118x261457557
Hanckel, B., & Hendry, N. A. (2026) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education · doi:10.1080/09518398.2026.2698426
Thompson, A. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-52643-5_103-1
- Authors
- Keipi, T., & Oksanen, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Turku (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Keipi, Teo
- Venue
- Journal of Youth Studies
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2014-02-05
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1097-1113
- ISSN
- 1367-6261 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-9680
- OpenAlex
- W2083695308
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 27.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.utupub.fi
- Locations
- Journal of Youth Studies (publishedVersion)
- UTUPub (University of Turku) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Privacy, Security, and Data Protection
- Keywords
- online anonymity, adolescent internet use, self-determination theory, cyberbullying, identity theft, sexual harassment, online risks, online opportunities, social media, adolescents, self-exploration, risky online behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review