Perceptions and misperceptions: actual size, perceived size and opposition to immigration in European societies
Abstract
Anastasia Gorodzeiskya* & Moshe Semyonovaa Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel CONTACT Anastasia Gorodzeisky anastasiag@tau.ac.il ABSTRACTThe present paper contributes to the literature on the formation of attitudes and public views toward out-group populations by focusing on the relations between actual versus perceived and misperceived size of immigrant population (as indicators of competitive threat) and attitudes toward immigration. The analysis is conducted in the context of 17 European societies. The data for the analysis were obtained from the 2014 European Social Survey (ESS). The main findings lead to the conclusion that misperceptions of the size of immigrant population play a more important role than factual reality in shaping public views and attitudes toward immigration. Although perceived size is not totally detached from actual size, the discrepancy between actual and perceived size is found to be a more powerful predictor of opposition to immigration than actual size. The more inflated is the misperception the more pronounced is opposition to immigration. The impact of misperceptions, when measured as a discrepancy or a ratio, on anti-immigrant attitudes is more pronounced in countries with, proportionally, a large foreign-born population. The meaning of the findings and the relevance of misperceptions and cognitive maps in shaping public views are discussed.
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It is the perceived size of immigrant populations, rather than their actual numbers, that may drive these effects.
“Strabac (2011) provides evidence that it is the perceived size of immigrant populations, rather than their actual numbers, that may drive these effects (see also Gorodzeisky & Semyonov 2020, Pottie-Sherman & Wilkes 2017).”
From Prejudice and Discrimination Toward Immigrants (2021) · cites this paper as Gorodzeisky & Semyonov 2020
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Moghaddam, F. M., Hendricks, M. J., & Salas-Schweikart, R. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009412186.009
Islamophobia and Its Triggers: Muslims as a Threat
D'Ancona, M. Á. C. (2026) · Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies · doi:10.29333/ejecs/2472
Berbée, P., Brinkmann, M. M., Torres, K. G., Lange, M., Naumann, E., & Sommerfeld, K. (2026) · PNAS Nexus · doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag264
Imagined Majorities: Perceived Group Size and Population Replacement Beliefs in Turkey
Balta, E., Elçi, E., & Sert, D. Ş. (2026) · Population, Space and Place · doi:10.1002/psp.70354
Bell, D. A. (2026) · International Journal of Social Welfare · doi:10.1111/ijsw.70097
Choi, Y., & Song, Y. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10648674/v1
The inequality of voice: how belonging to lower social status groups impacts worker voice
SNOEP‐DELLEMAN, A., Akkerman, A., & Manevska, K. (2026) · Socio-Economic Review · doi:10.1093/ser/mwag044
- Authors
- Gorodzeisky, A., & Semyonov, M.
- Affiliations
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Gorodzeisky, Anastasia
- Venue
- Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2019-02-22
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 612-630
- ISSN
- 1369-183X (ISSN-L)
- 1469-9451
- OpenAlex
- W2917645445
- Cited by
- 100
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7
- FWCI
- 24.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration, Refugees, and Integration
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Populism, Right-Wing Movements
- Keywords
- immigration attitudes, anti-immigrant sentiment, competitive threats, outgroup perception, cognitive maps, public opinion, European society, foreign-born population
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