The DOI matches its Crossref record; 140 of the 177 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effects of abstinence from tobacco: Valid symptoms and time course
Abstract
This article updates a 1990 review of the effects of tobacco abstinence by reviewing (a) which symptoms are valid indicators of tobacco abstinence and (b) the time course of tobacco abstinence symptoms. The author searched several databases to locate more than 3,500 citations on tobacco abstinence effects between 1990 and 2004; 120 of these were used in this review. Data collection and interpretation were based solely on the author's subjective judgments. For brevity, the review does not evaluate craving, hunger, performance, and several other possible outcomes as withdrawal symptoms. Anger, anxiety, depression, difficulty concentrating, impatience, insomnia, and restlessness are valid withdrawal symptoms that peak within the first week and last 2-4 weeks. Constipation, cough, dizziness, increased dreaming, and mouth ulcers may be abstinence effects. Drowsiness, fatigue, and several physical symptoms are not abstinence effects. In conclusion, no major changes are suggested for DSM-IV criteria for tobacco/nicotine withdrawal, but some deletions are suggested for ICD-10 criteria. Future studies need to investigate several possible new symptoms of withdrawal and to define more clearly the time course of symptoms.
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In the citing paper
“Aside from urges to smoke, the most common symptoms involve emotional dysregulation and cognitive deficits (13, 14).”
From Varenicline improves mood and cognition during smoking abstinence (2009) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“Seven nicotine withdrawal symptoms were validated in a recent comprehensive review on the topic [119] and appear in the DSM-IV-TR [120]. The symptoms are irritability/anger/frustration, anxiety, depression/negative affect, concentration problems, impatience, insomnia, and restlessness.”
From Mechanistic insights into nicotine withdrawal (2011) · cites this paper as [119]
In the citing paper
“Nicotine withdrawal symptoms are typically reported to reach a peak within the first week of abstinence and taper off for the next 3–4 weeks [119, 124]. However, some reports indicate that symptoms can subside within 10 days [125], while others indicate that withdrawal symptoms may persist past 31 days [126, 127].”
From Mechanistic insights into nicotine withdrawal (2011) · cites this paper as [119]
In the citing paper
“In addition to this, chronic changes in the CNS lead to unpleasant withdrawal symptoms (irritability, depressed mood, anxiety, restlessness, difficulty concentrating and increased appetite) that make the experience of not smoking aversive and generate the need to smoke (19,20).”
From The Multiple Facets of Cigarette Addiction and What They Mean for Encouraging and Helping Smokers to Stop (2009) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“Nicotine administration also increases the extracellular noradrenaline in various parts of the brain (32–35);”
From Tobacco addiction (2008) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“Most nicotine withdrawal symptoms in adults peak at one week.18”
From Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy and Newborn Neurobehavior: Effects at 10 to 27 Days (2009) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“These symptoms include difficulty concentrating, increased craving, depressed mood, and increased anxiety (Hughes, 1992(Hughes, , 2007)).”
From Activation of α4β2*/α6β2* nicotinic receptors alleviates anxiety during nicotine withdrawal without upregulating nicotinic receptors (2014) · cites this paper as Hughes, 2007
In the citing paper
“This is in line with evidence from ex-smokers who report that withdrawal symptoms abate a few weeks after smoking cessation (Hughes, 2007).”
From An application of the stress-diathesis model: A review about the association between smoking tobacco, smoking cessation, and mental health (2023) · cites this paper as Hughes, 2007
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“Literatures documented that patients might suffer from withdrawal problems (stress/anxiety or other mental problems) while attempting to quit smoking [37] due to nicotine dependence [38].”
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Nollen, N. L., Cox, L. S., Yu, Q., Ellerbeck, E. F., Scheuermann, T. S., Benowitz, N. L., Tyndale, R. F., Mayo, M. S., & Ahluwalia, J. S. (2015) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2015.12.001 · Cited by 19
“Treatment process measures Baseline treatment process measures include nicotine withdrawal [78], craving [79], and the reinforcing effects of nicotine [80].”
Pang, R. D., Bello, M. S., Liautaud, M. M., Weinberger, A. H., & Leventhal, A. M. (2018) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/nty122 · Cited by 19
Svicher, A., Zvolensky, M. J., & Cosci, F. (2018) · Journal of Addictive Diseases · doi:10.1080/10550887.2018.1542239 · Cited by 19
“mood and concentration difficulties associated to tobacco abstinence.(5,15) AS Social Concerns have been related to more severe abstinence-related problems(12) and with negative and positive reinforcement motives (i.”
BackgroundKelly, M. E., Guillot, C. R., Quinn, E. N., Lucke, H. R., Bello, M. S., Pang, R. D., & Leventhal, A. M. (2020) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000573 · Cited by 19
“The 11item SHQ Withdrawal Severity scale pertains to tobacco withdrawal symptoms evidenced in prior research (Guillot, Stone, et al., 2015; Hughes, 2007; Leventhal, Waters, Moolchan, Heishman, & Pickworth, 2010), including craving, irritability, nervousness, depression/ sadness, difficulty concentrating, physical symp…”
MethodGarcía‐Marín, L. M., Campos, A. I., Martin, N. G., Cuéllar-Partida, G., & Rentería, M. E. (2020) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa154 · Cited by 18
Advances in biofeedback and neurofeedback studies on smoking
Pandria, N., Athanasiou, A., Konstantara, L., Karagianni, M. A., & Bamidis, P. D. (2020) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102397 · Cited by 16
“Although nicotine addiction has detrimental effects on smokers’ health, it also affects behavior during smoking maintenance [62] but mainly during abstinence from smoking [63].”
The effects of acute abstinence from smoking and performance-based rewards on performance monitoring
Schlienz, N. J., Hawk, L. W., & Rosch, K. S. (2013) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3131-8 · Cited by 20
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“It is possible that symptoms such as sleep disturbances and negative affect could be associated with tobacco withdrawal (Hughes and Hatsukami, 1986; Hughes, 2006, 2007) and may have been more prevalent in those using varenicline due to increased quit success.”
BackgroundKhorolskii, D., KLIMENKO, A. A., Pershina, E. S., Павловна, М. Е., Бабадаева, Н. М., Александрович, К. А., Shostak, N. A., & Валерьевич, Ж. Е. (2024) · The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine · doi:10.20969/vskm.2024.17(2).79-84 · Cited by 17
HIV- AND TUBERCULOSIS-ASSOCIATED PERICARDITIS
Бородулина, Е. А., Zhilinskaya, K., TALAGAEV, D. A., & SHERSTNEV, A. V. (2024) · The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine · doi:10.20969/vskm.2024.17(2).91-97 · Cited by 17
Addicott, M. A., Sweitzer, M. M., & McClernon, F. J. (2018) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/nty059 · Cited by 18
Hall, F. S., Markou, A., Levin, E. D., & Uhl, G. R. (2012) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06415.x · Cited by 18
Ghitza, U. E. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00037 · Cited by 18
Mouse model predicts effects of smoking and varenicline on event-related potentials in humans
Rudnick, N. D., Strasser, A. A., Phillips, J. M., Jepson, C., Patterson, F., Frey, J. M., Turetsky, B. I., Lerman, C. E., & Siegel, S. J. (2010) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntq049 · Cited by 17
“…During abstinence, smokers experience deficits in cognition and sensorimotor processing that may contribute to relapse (Hughes, 2007; Jacobsen et al., 2005; Mendrek et al., 2006; Powell, Pickering, Dawkins, West, & Powell, 2004; Rissling, Dawson, Schell, &…”
BackgroundReducing the relative value of cigarettes: Considerations for nicotine and non-nicotine factors
White, C. M., Hatsukami, D. K., & Donny, E. C. (2020) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108200 · Cited by 17
“The acute effects of nicotine also dissipate quickly, prompting smokers to continue dosing to maintain positive effects and prevent withdrawal symptoms (Benowitz et al., 2003; Hughes, 2007; Benowitz, 2010).”
BackgroundHays, J. T., Croghan, I. T., Schroeder, D. R., Ebbert, J. O., & Hurt, R. D. (2010) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2010.08.009 · Cited by 18
“Participants were asked to keep a daily diary during 2 weeks of screening and during the first 4 weeks of the study treatment that included smoking status and the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale–Revised (Hughes, 2007a, 2007b).”
MethodEarly Quit Days Among Methadone-Maintained Smokers in a Smoking Cessation Trial
de Dios, M. A., Anderson, B. J., Caviness, C. M., & Stein, M. D. (2014) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntu099 · Cited by 18
“We attribute this finding to the fact that both medication groups received treatments that are known to physiologically decrease craving and withdrawal, which is a critical component of successful tobacco cessation (Hughes, 2007; Hughes, Gust, Skoog, Keenan, & Fenwick, 1991).”
Backgroundde Jong, B., Schuppers, A. S., Kruisdijk‐Gerritsen, A., Arbouw, M. E. L., van den Oever, H. L. A., & van Zanten, A. R. H. (2018) · Annals of Intensive Care · doi:10.1186/s13613-018-0399-1 · Cited by 18
“This positive effect of NRT on brain function is in accordance with the time course of nicotine withdrawal symptoms, which peaks in the first week after abstinence and lasts for 2–4 weeks [29].”
BackgroundEdwards, A. C., & Kendler, K. S. (2011) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntr058 · Cited by 19
“Diagnostic criteria for nicotine withdrawal include mood-related symptoms (American Psychiatric Association, 2000; Hughes, 2007), and these can be powerful predictors of success at smoking cessation (Hughes, 2007).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialVanderVeen, J. W., Gulliver, S. B., Morissette, S. B., Kruse, M. I., Kamholz, B. W., Zimering, R. T., Knight, J., & Keane, T. M. (2012) · The American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/j.1521-0391.2012.00282.x · Cited by 18
The time-varying effect of alcohol use on cigarette smoking relapse risk
Dermody, S. S., & Shiffman, S. M. (2019) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106192 · Cited by 17
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Nicotine Addiction: Mechanisms and Consequences
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Ashare, R. L., Valdez, J. N., Ruparel, K., Albelda, B., Hopson, R. D., Keefe, J. R., Loughead, J., & Lerman, C. E. (2013) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3197-3 · Cited by 17
Varenicline as a Cause of Suicidal Outcomes
Hughes, J. R. (2015) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntu275 · Cited by 17
Self-citationCan brain games help smokers quit?: Results of a randomized clinical trial
Loughead, J., Falcone, M., Wileyto, E. P., Albelda, B., Audrain-McGovern, J. E., Cao, W., Kurtz, M. M., Gur, R. C., & Lerman, C. E. (2016) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.08.621 · Cited by 17
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“…an explanation of spreading activity following symptom network perturbation would fit with empirical evidence of extended withdrawal symptom experiences among some smokers (Piasecki et al., 1998, 2003) when other research suggests that withdrawal should peak after the first 14 days (Hughes, 2007).”
Inhibition of monoamine oxidase isoforms modulates nicotine withdrawal syndrome in the rat
Malin, D. H., Moon, W. D., Goyarzu, P., Barclay, E., Magallanes, N., Vela, A., Negrete, A. P., Mathews, H., Stephens, B., & Mills, W. R. (2013) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2013.08.006 · Cited by 17
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“…smokers results in a set of prototypical withdrawal symptoms (e.g., anxiety, depression, impatience, difficulty concentrating, and restlessness; Hughes, 2007; Hughes & Hatsukami, 1986; Hughes, Higgins, & Hatsukami, 1990); (b) negative affect is a central feature of such withdrawal (Baker,…”
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“Withdrawal from cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine and nicotine results in anhedonia-like symptoms, such as increased anxiety, dysphoric mood, depressive state, hypersomnolence, fatigue, sadness, and suicidal attempts in humans [13,18,25,26,34,43].”
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“…and Markou 2007; Shoaib and Bizarro 2005) and human models (Ashare and Hawk 2012; Harrison, Coppola, and McKee 2009; Hendricks et al. 2006; Hughes 2007) of nicotine withdrawal have exhibited deficits in attention tasks with minimal improvements from nicotine replacement therapies (Myers…”
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“A productive cough is common clinical complaint that generally arises within two weeks of smoking cessation (Hughes, 2007; Warner et al., 2007).”
BackgroundBeyond blunts: reasons for cigarette and cigar use among African American young adult dual users
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“Rodent models of nicotine dependence [17] show dose- and duration-dependent withdrawal signs [18] similar to that observed in humans [19].”
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“Studies in humans indicate that anhedonia during smoking cessation leads to craving and relapse (Hatzigiakoumis et al., 2011; Hughes, 2007).”
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“Smokers who try to give up may suffer from withdrawal symptoms including dizziness, cough, anxiety, restlessness, difficulty in concentrating and depression [29].”
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Craving y abstinencia de la nicotina en fumadores españoles en un tratamiento para dejar de fumar
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“In addition, several studies indicate that the pattern, duration, and severity of NWS and craving experienced by smokers who are abstinent during the first day or the first weeks after quitting are significant predictors of relapse in smokers (Allen, Bade, Hatsukami, & Center, 2008; Hughes, 2007; Piasecki et al., 2003…”
BackgroundSmokeless tobacco cessation in S outh A sian communities: a multi‐centre prospective cohort study
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“The symptoms of nicotine withdrawal include dysphoria, irritability, frustration and difficulty concentrating.(6) Smokers are able to relieve symptoms of withdrawal by relapsing.”
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“Cognitive deficits are commonly reported during nicotine withdrawal (Hendricks et al., 2006; Hughes, 2007) and have been associated with smoking relapse (Patterson et al., 2010).”
BackgroundSelf-control, negative affect and neural activity during effortful cognition in deprived smokers
Wilson, S. J., Sayette, M. A., & Fiez, J. A. (2013) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nst065 · Cited by 16
“For regular smokers, brief abstinence from nicotine results in significant increases in NA (Shiffman et al., 2006; Hughes, 2007), with the magnitude of this effect varying across individuals (Piasecki et al.”
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“Withdrawal symptoms characterize smokers' levels of irritability, restlessness, insomnia, depression, concentration, appetite, and cravings and urges for tobacco over many differing time periods ranging from weeks (6) to years (7, 8).”
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The effect of smoking cessation pharmacotherapies on pancreatic beta cell function
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“The duration of the syndrome appears to be 2–4 weeks, although subgroups of smokers follow different time courses, including no decline over time [19].”
BackgroundTranslational Research on Nicotine Dependence
Falcone, M., Lee, B., Lerman, C. E., & Blendy, J. A. (2015) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2015_5005 · Cited by 15
“In addition to dysregulation of reward, nicotine withdrawal is associated with deficits in executive cognitive functions such as working memory, attention, and response inhibition (Ashare et al. 2014; Hughes 2007).”
BackgroundJensen, K. P., Smith, A. H., Herman, A. I., Farrer, L. A., Kranzler, H. R., Sofuoglu, M., & Gelernter, J. E. (2016) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.43 · Cited by 15
A Clinical Overview of Nicotine Dependence and Withdrawal
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“About 80% of quit attempts result in relapse within a month [52].”
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“Second, we decided to investigate our participants only twice, at baseline and again after at least 14 days of smoking abstinence to minimize the effect of acute withdrawal symptoms (Hughes, 2007).”
BackgroundAbdelkhalek, K., Rhein, M., Deest, M., Buchholz, V., Bleich, S., Lichtinghagen, R., Vyssoki, B., Frieling, H., Muschler, M. A. N., Proskynitopoulos, P. J., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.897801 · Cited by 16
“We choose a period of 2 weeks since withdrawal symptoms tend to peak during the first week and can last up to four more weeks (22).”
BackgroundDuffy, S. A., Biotti, J. K., Karvonen-Gutierrez, C. A., & Essenmacher, C. A. (2010) · Perspectives In Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6163.2010.00271.x · Cited by 15
“For those who are nicotine dependent, quitting smoking typically leads to withdrawal symptoms, making a relapse very likely (Hughes, 2007).”
BackgroundLa importancia de tratar la dependencia tabáquica
McRobbie, H. J., & Thornley, S. (2008) · Revista Española de Cardiología · doi:10.1157/13123068 · Cited by 17
Perkins, K. A., Karelitz, J. L., & Michael, V. C. (2017) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000134 · Cited by 15
“We also conducted the same analyses just on responses to the single Craving item from the MNWS (Hughes, 2007) to assess effects on craving (again, because we did not obtain the QSU-brief in Study 1).”
Multimodal Neuroimaging Differences in Nicotine Abstinent Smokers Versus Satiated Smokers
Chaarani, B., Spechler, P. A., Ivanciu, A., Snowe, M. P., Nickerson, J. P., Higgins, S. T., & Garavan, H. (2018) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/nty070 · Cited by 15
Song, F., Bachmann, M. O., Aveyard, P. N., Barton, G., Brown, T. J., Maskrey, V., Blyth, A., Notley, C. J., Holland, R., Sutton, S. R., et al. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0205992 · Cited by 15
Cohen, L. M., Collins, F. L., VanderVeen, J. W., & Weaver, C. C. (2010) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.06.010 · Cited by 15
Ameringer, K. J., & Leventhal, A. M. (2014) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000029 · Cited by 14
“Although drowsiness and headaches are not validated withdrawal symptoms (Hughes, 2007), these symptoms have been included in past studies of tobacco withdrawal and have demonstrated significant changes as a function of tobacco deprivation (e.g., Leventhal, Waters, Moolchan, Heishman, & Pickworth,…”
BackgroundNovick, A. M., Duffy, K. A., Johnson, R. L., et al. (2022) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntac146 · Cited by 14
Mauries, S., Bertrand, L., Frija‐Masson, J., Benzaquen, H., Kalamarides, S., Sauvage, K., Lejoyeux, M., d’Ortho, M., & Geoffroy, P. A. (2023) · Sleep Medicine X · doi:10.1016/j.sleepx.2023.100085 · Cited by 17
“Smoking cessation appears to acutely alter sleep quality and sleep architecture, resulting in frequent complaints of insomnia [13], estimated to occur in 19.”
BackgroundKatz, D. A., Holman, J. E., Johnson, S. R., et al. (2014) · The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety · doi:10.1016/s1553-7250(14)40064-3 · Cited by 14
Bünnings, C. (2016) · Applied Economics · doi:10.1080/00036846.2016.1210766 · Cited by 14
“In addition, Hughes (2007) reports several mental disorders, such as anxiety, depression and impatience, as valid withdrawal symptoms.”
BackgroundDevelopment and validation of a contextual behavioral distress intolerance task in cigarette smokers
Farris, S. G., DiBello, A. M., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2018) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.07.020 · Cited by 14
“Given that tobacco withdrawal produces acute physiological and emotional distress that is most severe during early phases of a quit attempt (Hughes, 2007), the combination high-difficulty/withdrawal version of C-FiTT may most closely resemble the context of a quit attempt in that the task requires…”
BackgroundPain as a predictor and consequence of tobacco abstinence effects amongst African American smokers.
Bello, M. S., McBeth, J. F., Ditre, J. W., Kirkpatrick, M. G., Ray, L. A., Dunn, K. E., & Leventhal, A. M. (2018) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000367 · Cited by 14
“Effect sizes for composite withdrawal symptom indices and urges to smoke were relatively large within this sample, which is consistent with previous reports (e.g., ds 0.8; Hughes, 2007a; Leventhal, Waters, Moolchan, Heishman, & Pickworth, 2010).”
InfluentialCui, Z., Li, Y., Liu, Z., Li, L., Nie, X., Zhou, X.-M., Cheng, A., Li, J., Qin, R., Wei, X., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1023756 · Cited by 16
Cardiovascular Prevention (IV) The Importance of Treating Tobacco Dependence
McRobbie, H. J., & Thornley, S. (2008) · Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/s1885-5857(08)60186-3 · Cited by 14
“Further, evidence suggests that mouth ulcers and constipation are recognised tobacco withdrawal symptoms.(42,43) Craving is one of the most often reported symptoms during smoking abstinence and frequently predicts relapse.”
Does deterioration in mental health after smoking cessation predict relapse to smoking?
Taylor, G. M. J., McNeill, A. D., & Aveyard, P. N. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2473-z · Cited by 14
“The model finally suggests that mental health will improve after cessation once the person who quit has surpassed the withdrawal period [11, 12] and tobacco-induced psychological withdrawal symptoms dissipate.”
BackgroundBrain substrates of early (4 h) cigarette abstinence: Identification of treatment targets
Franklin, T. R., Jagannathan, K., Hager, N., Fang, Z., Xu, S., Wong, J., Childress, A. R., Detre, J. A., Rao, H., & Wetherill, R. R. (2017) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.10.010 · Cited by 13
“Withdrawal is characterized by a constellation of symptoms including anger, irritability and restlessness, anxiety, dysphoria, difficulty with focus and attention, and sleep problems including insomnia (Hatsukami et al., 1985; Hendricks et al., 2006; Hughes, 2007).”
BackgroundDeprivation Has Inconsistent Effects on Delay Discounting: A Review
Downey, H., Haynes, J. M., Johnson, H. M., & Odum, A. L. (2022) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2022.787322 · Cited by 16
“Recall that withdrawal symptoms may last up to 4 weeks (Hughes, 2007; McLaughlin et al., 2015).”
BackgroundVarenicline: progress in smoking cessation treatment
Glover, E. D., & Rath, J. M. (2007) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.8.11.1757 · Cited by 14
“Many of these symptoms peak in the first week and last ∼ 2 – 4 weeks [29,30] , yet, remaining abstinent proves difficult for many individuals and lapses often occur beyond the first few weeks of quitting.”
BackgroundNicotine Addiction: Past and Present
Office on Smoking (2010) · Cited by 14
Yildirim, E., Connor, D. A., & Gould, T. J. (2014) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0000000000000111 · Cited by 13
“Nicotine withdrawal syndrome is defined by a set of somatic, affective, and cognitive symptoms that occur shortly after cessation of chronic nicotine administration (Hughes, 2007).”
BackgroundDecision‐making style, nicotine and caffeine use and dependence
Phillips, J. G., & Ogeil, R. P. (2015) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.2496 · Cited by 14
Taleb, Z. B., Ward, K. D., Asfar, T., Jaber, R., Auf, R., & Maziak, W. (2016) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s00038-016-0818-8 · Cited by 13
Buitenhuis, A. H., Tuinman, M. A., & Hagedoorn, M. (2019) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2019.1703983 · Cited by 13
“A quit attempt can be a stressful period for couples, since anger, irritability and frustration are elevated in smokers (Hughes, 2007).”
BackgroundSmoking cessation for improving mental health
Taylor, G. M. J., McNeill, A. D., Farley, A., Lindson, N., & Aveyard, P. N. (2020) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013522 · Cited by 13
Saravia, R., Ten-Blanco, M., Pereda-Pérez, I., & Berrendero, F. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222413316 · Cited by 14
“During a quit attempt, smokers experience a range of undesirable withdrawal signs that can be classified as somatic, affective, and cognitive [64].”
BackgroundA randomized clinical trial of a tailored behavioral smoking cessation preparation program
McCarthy, D. E., Bold, K. W., Minami, H., & Yeh, V. M. (2015) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.11.015 · Cited by 13
“, 2008; Piasecki, Fiore, McCarthy, & Baker, 2002), when withdrawal is oftenmost intense (Hughes, 2007; Shiffman, Patten, et al., 2006).”
Measures of nicotine dependence in adolescents: An update of the evidence 2000–2010
Contreras, G. A., O’Loughlin, J. L., Rodriguez, D., et al. (2016) · The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Network (American Medical Association) · doi:10.3233/jpb-2010-0011 · Cited by 12
Ma, P., Kendzor, D. E., Poonawalla, I. B., et al. (2016) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.10.013 · Cited by 12
Integrated miRNA-/mRNA-Seq of the Habenulo-Interpeduncular Circuit During Acute Nicotine Withdrawal
Casserly, A. P., Tsuji, J., Zhao-Shea, R., Smith, C. B., Molas, S., Tapper, A. R., Weng, Z., & Gardner, P. D. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-57907-w · Cited by 12
McDermott, S., Reichmann, K., Mason, E., Fearon, I. M., O’Connell, G., & Nahde, T. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-36259-1 · Cited by 12
Kim, H. C., Kaplan, C. M., Islam, S., Anderson, A. S., Piper, M. E., Bradford, D. E., Curtin, J. J., DeYoung, K. A., Smith, J. F., Fox, A. S., et al. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0288544 · Cited by 9
Therapie der Nikotinabhängigkeit
Batra, A., Friederich, H. M., & Lutz, U. C. (2009) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-009-2744-y · Cited by 15
Amplified reacquisition of nicotine self-administration in rats by repeated stress during abstinence
Yu, G., Chen, H., & Sharp, B. M. (2014) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3501-x · Cited by 12
“2004), and most withdrawal symptoms, in humans and rats, peak and subside within the first week (Hughes 2007; Malin et al. 1992).”
Lee, A. M., Arreola, A. C., Kimmey, B. A., & Schmidt, H. D. (2014) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.08.016 · Cited by 13
“Although many factors influence chronic smoking behavior, cognitive deficits are a core withdrawal phenotype that peak during the first few days of abstinence and predict smoking relapse [26, 27].”
BackgroundSemenova, S., Jin, X., McClure‐Begley, T. D., Tadman, M. P., Marks, M. J., & Markou, A. (2018) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2018.06.002 · Cited by 13
“These results may differ somewhat from results in human smokers who experience well-characterized withdrawal syndrome following smoking cessation (Hughes, 2007).”
Nicotine preloading for smoking cessation: the Preloading RCT
Aveyard, P. N., Lindson, N., Tearne, S., Adams, R. L., Ahmed, K., Alekna, R., Banting, M., Healy, M., Khan, S. S. F., Rai, G., et al. (2018) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta22410 · Cited by 12
“Over time, the urges to smoke reduce in frequency and intensity and treatment can stop.(4)”
BackgroundLonger duration of smoking abstinence is associated with waning cessation fatigue
Heckman, B. W., Cummings, K. M., Stoltman, J. J. K., Dahne, J., Borland, R., Fong, G. T., & Carpenter, M. J. (2018) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2018.11.011 · Cited by 14
“Wellestablished relapse risk factors (e.g., withdrawal symptoms) typically dissipate within 2–4 weeks of abstinence (Hughes 2007), which suggests the need to delineate additional relapse risk factors that occur later in a quit attempt.”
BackgroundLi, W. H. C., Ho, K. Y., Xia, V. W., Wang, M. P., Lam, K. K. W., Chan, S. S. C., & Lam, T. (2019) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.14084 · Cited by 11
Duncan, P. M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139025515.013 · Cited by 12
Metadata
- Authors
- Hughes, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Vermont (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hughes, John
- Venue
- Nicotine & Tobacco Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2007-03
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 315-327
- ISSN
- 1462-2203 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2054388960
- Cited by
- 801
- References
- 177
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 62 · 2014: 55 · 2013: 59 · 2012: 46
- FWCI
- 6.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nicotine & Tobacco Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA000490)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Keywords
- smoking abstinence, nicotine withdrawal symptoms, anger, anxiety, depression, insomnia, restlessness, constipation, cough, dizziness, oral ulcers
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Nicotine, Psychomotor Agitation, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Tobacco Use Disorder, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Smoking Cessation
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