Cited by 968Memory Processes and InfluencesMemory and Neural MechanismsCognitive Functions and Memory

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Learning 10000 pictures

Standing, Lionel·1973·Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Four experiments are reported which examined memory capacity and retrieval speed for pictures and for words. Single-trial learning tasks were employed throughout, with memory performance assessed by forced-choice recognition, recall measures or choice reaction-time tasks. The main experimental findings were: (1) memory capacity, as a function of the amount of material presented, follows a general power law with a characteristic exponent for each task; (2) pictorial material obeys this power law and shows an overall superiority to verbal material. The capacity of recognition memory for pictures is almost limitless, when measured under appropriate conditions; (3) when the recognition task is made harder by using more alternatives, memory capacity stays constant and the superiority of pictures is maintained; (4) picture memory also exceeds verbal memory in terms of verbal recall; comparable recognition/recall ratios are obtained for pictures, words and nonsense syllables; (5) verbal memory shows a higher retrieval speed than picture memory, as inferred from reaction-time measures. Both types of material obey a power law, when reaction-time is measured for various sizes of learning set, and both show very rapid rates of memory search. From a consideration of the experimental results and other data it is concluded that the superiority of the pictorial mode in recognition and free recall learning tasks is well established and cannot be attributed to methodological artifact.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/14640747308400340

Cites

29 of 29 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Sensory Communication
(1961) · Information and Control · doi:10.1016/s0019-9958(61)80064-8 · Cited by 2,904
Handbook of Experimental Psychology
(1952) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1952.02930050088038 · Cited by 2,276
Psychological Monographs
Post, L. T. (1937) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(37)94142-4 · Cited by 2,128
Recognition memory for words, sentences, and pictures
Shepard, R. N. (1967) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(67)80067-7 · Cited by 1,533
The Art of Memory
Yates, F. A. (1966) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,500
Mental imagery in associative learning and memory.
Paivio, A. (1969) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0027272 · Cited by 1,350
The Psychophysics of Sensory Function
Stevens, S. S. (2012) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/9780262518420.003.0001 · Cited by 780
Perception and memory for pictures: Single-trial learning of 2500 visual stimuli
Standing, L., Conezio, J., & Haber, R. N. (1970) · Psychonomic Science · doi:10.3758/bf03337426 · Cited by 664
Self-citation
Handbook of experimental psychology
Krendel, E. S. (1951) · Journal of the Franklin Institute · doi:10.1016/0016-0032(51)91070-8 · Cited by 652
Why are pictures easier to recall than words?
Paivio, A., Rogers, T. B., & Smythe, P. C. (1968) · Psychonomic Science · doi:10.3758/bf03331011 · Cited by 491

Show all 29 references

Research works printed but not linked: 4

Seibert L. C., 1932, Johns Hopkins University Studies in Education
Standing L., 1971, Preparing stimuli for picture-memory studies. Research Report EP-2; Psychology Department
Standing L., 1971, Categorizing stimuli for picture-memory studies. Research Report EP-2; Psychology Department
Woodworth R. S., 1915, Journal of Philosophy, 12, 246

Sorted by citations

Items 701–800 of 963

A context-based model of collaborative inhibition during memory search
Angne, H., Cornell, C. A., & Zhang, Q. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-78517-w · Cited by 2
Neuronal signatures of successful one-shot memory in mid-level visual cortex
DiRisio, G. F., Xue, C., & Cohen, M. R. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-78369-0 · Cited by 2
La représentation des scènes visuelles en mémoire : les apports de la cécité au changement
Boloix, E. (2007) · L’Année psychologique · doi:10.4074/s0003503307003053 · Cited by 3
Adaptive timeline interface to personal history data
Ajanki, A., Koskela, M., Laaksonen, J. T., & Samuel Kaski, A. (2013) · INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMODAL INTERACTION · doi:10.1145/2522848.2522870 · Cited by 2
Organizational factors in picture recognition memory
Franken, R. E., & Rowland, G. L. (1978) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/0001-6918(78)90032-x · Cited by 2
Incidental encoding of numerosity in visual long-term memory
Zhao, J., & Turk‐Browne, N. B. (2011) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/13506285.2011.598482 · Cited by 2
Changing Zaire to Congo: The fate of no-longer relevant mnemonic information
Eriksson, J., Stiernstedt, M., Öhlund, M., & Nyberg, L. H. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.06.049 · Cited by 2
The Reality of Directed Forgetting in the Item-Method Paradigm: Suppression, not Selective Search or Decay.
Hansen, W. A. (2011) · Cited by 2
Memorability rates of graphical password schemes
Olukayode, O. A., Ithnin, N., & Ogunnusi, O. S. (2014) · Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology · Cited by 2
The Effect of Ad Exposure Motivation and Creative Techniques on Attitude toward Ad and Reinforcing Ad Exposure Motivation
김철호 (2012) · Journal of Korea Design Forum · doi:10.21326/ksdt.2012..34.042 · Cited by 2
Design and implementation of Envision - a visual programming system
Asenov, D. (2011) · Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich) · doi:10.3929/ethz-a-006422913 · Cited by 2
THE INFLUENCE OF MUSIC ON MEMORY FOR IMAGES
Carr, S. M., & Rickard, N. S. (2010) · Cited by 2
Beauty isn't special: Comparing the information capacity of beauty and other sensory judgments
Pombo, M., & Pelli, D. G. (2023) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/jov.23.7.6 · Cited by 2
Prerational Intelligence from the Perspective of Psychology
Bridgeman, B., Cellérier, G., Paillard, J., & Velichkovsky, B. M. (2000) · Studies in cognitive systems · doi:10.1007/978-94-010-0870-9_80 · Cited by 2
Memory blocking: Facts, problems, and models
Вениаминовна, Б. Е., Карпенко, М., Kachalova, L. M., & Terekhin, A. T. (2009) · BIOPHYSICS · doi:10.1134/s0006350909020158 · Cited by 2
Towards a Rich and Dynamic Human Digital Memory in Egocentric Dataset
Asnaoui, K. E., Chawki, Y., & Ouhda, M. (2019) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23672-4_21 · Cited by 2
Two people, one graph: the effect of rotated viewpoints on accessibility of data visualizations
Müller, T., Hesse, F. W., & Meyerhoff, H. S. (2021) · Cognitive Research Principles and Implications · doi:10.1186/s41235-021-00297-y · Cited by 2
Repräsentationsformen beim menschlichen Problemlösen
Strube, G. (1987) · Informatik-Fachberichte · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-73005-4_30 · Cited by 2
Evaluation of Educational Animations: Taxonomy and Recommendations
Morris, J. M. (1992) · Computer Science Education · doi:10.1080/0899340920030304 · Cited by 2
Recognition of homogeneous and heterogeneous pictures as a function of viewing context
Kiphart, M. J., Sjogren, D. D., Loomis, R. J., & Cross, H. A. (1985) · Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society · doi:10.3758/bf03329796 · Cited by 2
Task Difficulty and Visual Similarity Increase a Distractor's Effects on Random Shapes
Hines, D. A. (1978) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1978.46.1.235 · Cited by 2
Towards a theory of abstraction and visualization for debugging massively parallel programs
LaPolla, M. V. (1992) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.1109/hicss.1992.183291 · Cited by 2
Word meaning, concepts and the representation of abstract entities from the perspective of radical pragmatics and semantic externalism
Kjøll, G. (2011) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives · Cited by 2
Verbal Perception and the Word Length EffectPreprint
Fumarola, F. (2016) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1607.05530 · Cited by 2
Inference of relevance for proactive information retrieval
Ajanki, A. (2013) · Aaltodoc (Aalto University) · Cited by 2
Non-GAAP Images, Press Release Prominence, and Investorss Reliance on Non-GAAP EarningsPreprint
Brown, N. C., Elliott, W. B., & Grant, S. M. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3080994 · Cited by 2
Retroactive Interference Model of ForgettingPreprint
Georgiou, A., Katkov, M., & Tsodyks, M. V. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/710269 · Cited by 2
Pinpointing the neural signatures of single-exposure visual recognition memoryPreprint
Mehrpour, V., Meyer, T., Simoncelli, E. P., & Rust, N. C. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.07.01.182881 · Cited by 2
The impact of consumer knowledge, information mode and presentation form on advertising effects
Nagaraj, S. (2007) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 2
Recognition for variable information in scenes
Kasai, Y., & Kawabata, Y. (2011) · The Japanese journal of psychology · doi:10.4992/jjpsy.81.610 · Cited by 1
Building Academic Language for Multi-lingual Learners Through the Visual Arts
Murphy, A. F. (2024) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-53963-3_4 · Cited by 1
Complex-Valued Electromagnetic Fields in Matter: Their Relevance to Electromagnetic Field Theories of Conscious Experience
Reggia, J. A. (2025) · Symmetry · doi:10.3390/sym17070992 · Cited by 1
Visual memory
Woodman, G. F., & Polyn, S. M. (2026) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-025-03214-3 · Cited by 1
Exploring the Complex Interplay between AI and Consciousness.
D’Mello, S. K., & Franklin, S. (2007) · National Conference on Artificial Intelligence · Cited by 1
La perception multisource : une nouvelle approche de la perception de scènes
Ménétrier, E., & Didierjean, A. (2021) · Psychologie Française · doi:10.1016/j.psfr.2021.10.003 · Cited by 2
Visual continuous recognition reveals behavioral and neural differences for short- and long-term scene memory
Ellmore, T. M., Plaska, C. R., Ng, K., & Mei, N. (2022) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2022.958609 · Cited by 1
Distinguishing involuntary autobiographical memories and déjà vu experiences: Different types of cues and memory representations?
Kvavilashvili, L., & Markostamou, I. (2023) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x23000080 · Cited by 1
Experience shapes the transformation of olfactory representations along the cortico-hippocampal pathway
Schiltz, E., Broux, M., Aydın, Ç., Gonçalves, P. J., & Haesler, S. (2026) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.103373.3 · Cited by 1
Visual short-term memory, culture, and image structure
Li, H., Chien, J., Gutchess, A. H., & Sekuler, R. (2025) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-025-03094-7 · Cited by 1
A distinctive meaning makes a sentence memorable
Clark, T. H., Tuckute, G., Medina, B., & Fedorenko, E. G. (2025) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/j.jml.2025.104700 · Cited by 1
A unique neural signature of long-term memory encoding from EEG inter-electrode correlation
Zhao, C. K., Vogel, E. K., & Rosenberg, M. D. (2026) · Imaging Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/imag.a.1228 · Cited by 1
Unpacking similarity effects in visual memory search: categorical, semantic, and visual contributions
Shang, L., Yeh, L.-C., Zhao, Y., & Peelen, M. V. (2025) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/j.jml.2025.104712 · Cited by 1
Feasibility study of a multimodal biometric authentication solution based on pointer dynamics and skin conductivity
Sá, V. J., de Magalhães, S. T., & Santos, H. (2013) · Cited by 1
Modelling the security of recognition-based graphical passwords
English, R. (2014) · ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) · Cited by 1
Using Composite Scene Authentication (Csa) as a Graphical Alternative to Alphanumeric Password Systems
Johnson, K., & Werner, S. (2006) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/154193120605000509 · Cited by 1
Imprinting-Type Memorization of Information in Adult BALB/c Mice
Nikolskaya, K. A., & Бережной, Д. С. (2013) · Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology · doi:10.1007/s11055-013-9764-6 · Cited by 1
The FILTER project: encouraging the use of digital images for learning, teaching and research
Evans, J. (2002) · VINE · doi:10.1108/03055720210474271 · Cited by 1
Enhancing security of Pass Points system using variable tolerance
John, M., Siddhartha, V., Parvathi, V. S., Sekhar, M. R., Siddhartha, P. V. P., & Babu, P. R. (2010) · Cited by 1
The sinking of M/V Estonia: An archival study of the survivors’ witness reports
af Hjelmsäter, E. R., Öhman, L., & Granhag, P. A. (2016) · Nordic Psychology · doi:10.1080/19012276.2016.1150194 · Cited by 1
Encoding-Stage Adaptation Effects: Long-Term Memory
Peacock, C. E., & Gözenman, F. (2017) · Perception · doi:10.1177/0301006617739533 · Cited by 1
A Survey on Image Memorability Prediction: From Traditional to Deep Learning Models
Lahrache, S., & Ouazzani, R. E. (2022) · International Conference on Innovative Research in Applied Science, Engineering and Technology (IRASET) · doi:10.1109/iraset52964.2022.9738055 · Cited by 1
The Accuracy and Precision of Memory for Natural Scenes: A Walk in the Park
Westebbe, L., Liang, Y., & Blaser, E. (2024) · Open Mind · doi:10.1162/opmi_a_00122 · Cited by 1
The upside of cumulative conceptual interference on exemplar-level mnemonic discrimination
Delhaye, E., D’Innocenzo, G., Raposo, A., & Coco, M. I. (2024) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-024-01563-2 · Cited by 1
The influence of semantics on long‐term visual memory capacity in children and adults
Gupta, P., Vogelsang, M., Vogelsang, L., Shah, P., Gilad‐Gutnick, S., & Sinha, P. (2024) · British Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjdp.12498 · Cited by 1
Visual Memory is Superior to Auditory Memory Despite Extensive Auditory Training
Paulauskas, E. E., & Gloede, M. E. (2015) · UWM Digital Commons (University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee) · Cited by 1
Computational Neuro-Modeling of Visual Memory: Multimodal Imaging and Analysis
Elanbari, M., Nemmour, N., Bouhali, O., Rawi, R., Sheharyar, A., & Bensmail, H. (2014) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-09891-3_3 · Cited by 1
Perceptual Drawing as a Learning Tool in a College Biology Laboratory.
Landin, J. M. (2011) · NCSU Libraries Repository (North Carolina State University Libraries) · Cited by 1
The long-term consequences of correctly rejecting and falsely accepting target-related foils in visual recognition memory
Sabia, M., Hardt, O., & Hupbach, A. (2017) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/j.lmot.2016.10.002 · Cited by 1
Independence of old and new item processing in recognition judgment
Takahashi, A. (2017) · The Japanese journal of psychology · doi:10.4992/jjpsy.88.15061 · Cited by 1
Familiarity Detection is an Intrinsic Property of Cortical Microcircuits with Bidirectional Synaptic Plasticity
Zhang, X., Ju, H., Penney, T. B., & VanDongen, A. M. J. (2017) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0361-16.2017 · Cited by 1
Gaze-Contingent Displays for Interactive Text Enhancement
Bajaj, D. (2017) · Cited by 1
Saccades and handedness interact to affect scene memory
Ellmore, T. M., Mackin, B., & Ng, K. (2018) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.5969 · Cited by 1
Learning to Negotiate
Berkel, G. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108863599 · Cited by 1
A Neural Network Model of the Recognition of the Familiarity of Number Sequences
Kazanovich, Y. B. (2020) · Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology · doi:10.1007/s11055-020-01040-8 · Cited by 1
The Limits of Memory in Disavowed : Interference, Military Execution, and the Dishonored Dead
Young, A. P. (2021) · Games and Culture · doi:10.1177/15554120211005233 · Cited by 1
Using Technology to Overcome the Password's Contradiction
de Magalhães, S. T., Revett, K., Santos, H. M. D., Santos, L., Oliveira, A., & Ariza, C. (2009) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-60566-132-2.ch024 · Cited by 1
In defense of epicycles: Embracing complexity in psychological explanations
Endress, A. D. (2022) · Mind & Language · doi:10.1111/mila.12450 · Cited by 1
Systemmodelle: Sensorische und motorische Prozesse beim episodischen Erinnern
Engelkamp, J. (2016) · Springer-Lehrbuch · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-49068-6_9 · Cited by 1
An ecologically valid evaluation of an observation-resilient graphical authentication mechanism
Maguire, J. (2013) · Enlighten: Theses (The University of Glasgow) · Cited by 1
Change Detection Memory in Rhesus Monkeys and Humans
Elmore, L. C. (2011) · Cited by 1
On using animations in court
Narayanan, A., Penny, G., Hibbin, S., Lochun, S. K., & Milne, W. J. (1999) · Information & Communications Technology Law · doi:10.1080/13600834.1999.9965805 · Cited by 1
Determinants of capacious memory: A process‐dissociation and experiential approach
Dubuc, S., Karlsson, T., & Lalonde, R. (2005) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2005.00451.x · Cited by 1
Word/picture interference effects in free recall
Boesch, S., & Standing, L. (1990) · Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society · doi:10.3758/bf03333977 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
EFFECT OF DIAZEPAM UPON VERBAL RECALL ASSOCIATED WITH SIMPLE PICTURE RECOGNITION
Black, I. L., & Barbee, J. G. (1987) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/0033294187060003-226.1 · Cited by 1
Conceptual Encoding of Pictures and Sentences
Cobb, N. J., Tanhauser, S., & Johnston, R. (1980) · The Journal of General Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221309.1980.9711760 · Cited by 1
The conscious access hypothesis: Explaining the consciousness
Prakash, R. (2008) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/0019-5545.39752 · Cited by 1
Disclosure of the Persuasive Intent behind the Placement of Risky Products in Movies: Consequences for Cognitive and Affective Processing
Kovalenko, A. (2013) · Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.24331.44320 · Cited by 1
Beyond Words: reviewing moving pictures
Carnes, M. C. (1996) · Historical Journal Of Film Radio and Television · doi:10.1080/01439689600260371 · Cited by 1
Do Stock-and-Flow Feedback Diagrams Promote Learning in Macroeconomics?Preprint
Wheat, I. D. (2008) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1131324 · Cited by 1
Improving Password Usability with Visual Techniques
Komanduri, S. (2008) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network) · Cited by 1
Allocation of attention and the encoding of emotional memories.
Blank, M. P. (2011) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota) · Cited by 1
Effect of Blank Time on Picture Recognition
Kallman, H. J. (1984) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1422527 · Cited by 1
Recognition of Random Shapes after Extended Delay
Zusne, L., & Zusne, H. C. (1986) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1986.62.2.592 · Cited by 1
Web-Teaching, 2nd Edition
Brooks, D. W., Nolan, D., & Gallagher, S. S. (2002) · Cited by 1
Forget Me Not: Are Stronger Memories More Susceptible to Retrieval-Induced Forgetting?
Heisick, L. L. (2019) · Louisiana State University · doi:10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.4954 · Cited by 1
Lyapunov function as a tool for the study of cognitive and regulatory processes in organism
Terekhin, A. T., Вениаминовна, Б. Е., Карпенко, М., Kachalova, L. M., & Чмыхова, Е. В. (2009) · Computer Research and Modeling · doi:10.20537/2076-7633-2009-1-4-449-456 · Cited by 1
Machine Consciousness and the Global Workspace TheoryPreprint
Haqiqatkhah, M. M. (2019) · doi:10.31237/osf.io/vfy3e · Cited by 1
An investigation of retrieval cues as a method to improve eyewitness identification accuracy of multiple perpetrators
Dempsey, J. L. (2012) · Carleton University's Institutional Repository (MacOdrum Library, Carleton University) · doi:10.22215/etd/2012-09538 · Cited by 1
Tracing the Emergence of the Memorability BenefitPreprint
Gillies, G., Park, H. G., Woo, J., Walther, D. B., Cant, J. S., & Fukuda, K. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4119160 · Cited by 1
Choose From a List
Clark, M. M., Snow, G. L., & Seamons, K. E. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3714043 · Cited by 1
A two-stage algorithm underlies the transformation from vision to familiarity in the primate brainPreprint
Bohn, S., Hacker, C. M., Jannuzi, B. G. L., Meyer, T., Hay, M. L., & Rust, N. C. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.06.13.659490 · Cited by 1
Why two people see the same thing but have different memories
Matthews, J. (2018) · doi:10.64628/aa.hk3fts6we · Cited by 1
Visual Memory
Brady, T. F. (2025) · doi:10.21428/e2759450.9aa55a0f · Cited by 1
Experience shapes the transformation of olfactory representations along the cortico-hippocampal pathwayPreprint
Schiltz, E., Broux, M., Aydın, Ç., Gonçalves, P. J., & Haesler, S. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.103373.2 · Cited by 1
The Effect of Quality and Color Visual Aids on Immediate Recall, Attitude Toward Speaker, and Attitude Toward Speech
Hamilton, C. A. (1999) · doi:10.12794/metadc500384 · Cited by 1
Rapid Presentation Rate Negatively Impacts the Contiguity Effect in Free RecallPreprint
Toro‐Serey, C., Bright, I. M., Wyble, B., & Howard, M. W. (2019) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/qb5sx · Cited by 1
La mise en place de dispositifs "hybrides" d'enseignement - apprentissage des langues en milieu universitaire. analyse didactique d'une recherche-action
Brudermann, C. (2010) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/545fec1ez3d36z46fdz921dza37e0004302b · Cited by 1
Techniques for Ontology Visualization
Wang, X., & Almeida, J. S. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-48438-9_10 · Cited by 1
Medizinpsychologische Implikationen der Telemedizin
Schmidt, S., & Koch, U. (2005) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-540-27625-4_13 · Cited by 1
Exploring human factors issues & possible countermeasures in password authentication
Zakaria, N. H. (2013) · Cited by 1

Authors: Standing, L.
Affiliations: Bishop's University (CA)
Corresponding author: Standing, Lionel
Venue: Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 1973-05
Volume: 25
Issue: 2
Pages: 207-222
ISSN: 0033-555X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1080/14640747308400340
OpenAlex: W2022872918
Cited by: 968
References: 29
Citations by year: 2026: 22 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 32
FWCI: 5.95
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
Keywords: image memory, verbal memory, memory capacity, recognition memory, free recall, retrieval speed, power law, one-trial learning, reaction time, picture superiority effect, choice reaction time
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Auditory Perception, Discrimination Learning, Humans, Information Theory, Memory, Reaction Time, Verbal Learning, Visual Perception

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Learning 10000 pictures

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks