Cited by 968Memory Processes and InfluencesMemory and Neural MechanismsCognitive Functions and Memory

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Learning 10000 pictures

Standing, Lionel·1973·Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Four experiments are reported which examined memory capacity and retrieval speed for pictures and for words. Single-trial learning tasks were employed throughout, with memory performance assessed by forced-choice recognition, recall measures or choice reaction-time tasks. The main experimental findings were: (1) memory capacity, as a function of the amount of material presented, follows a general power law with a characteristic exponent for each task; (2) pictorial material obeys this power law and shows an overall superiority to verbal material. The capacity of recognition memory for pictures is almost limitless, when measured under appropriate conditions; (3) when the recognition task is made harder by using more alternatives, memory capacity stays constant and the superiority of pictures is maintained; (4) picture memory also exceeds verbal memory in terms of verbal recall; comparable recognition/recall ratios are obtained for pictures, words and nonsense syllables; (5) verbal memory shows a higher retrieval speed than picture memory, as inferred from reaction-time measures. Both types of material obey a power law, when reaction-time is measured for various sizes of learning set, and both show very rapid rates of memory search. From a consideration of the experimental results and other data it is concluded that the superiority of the pictorial mode in recognition and free recall learning tasks is well established and cannot be attributed to methodological artifact.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/14640747308400340

Cites

29 of 29 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Sensory Communication
(1961) · Information and Control · doi:10.1016/s0019-9958(61)80064-8 · Cited by 2,904
Handbook of Experimental Psychology
(1952) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1952.02930050088038 · Cited by 2,276
Psychological Monographs
Post, L. T. (1937) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(37)94142-4 · Cited by 2,128
Recognition memory for words, sentences, and pictures
Shepard, R. N. (1967) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(67)80067-7 · Cited by 1,533
The Art of Memory
Yates, F. A. (1966) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,500
Mental imagery in associative learning and memory.
Paivio, A. (1969) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0027272 · Cited by 1,350
The Psychophysics of Sensory Function
Stevens, S. S. (2012) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/9780262518420.003.0001 · Cited by 780
Perception and memory for pictures: Single-trial learning of 2500 visual stimuli
Standing, L., Conezio, J., & Haber, R. N. (1970) · Psychonomic Science · doi:10.3758/bf03337426 · Cited by 664
Self-citation
Handbook of experimental psychology
Krendel, E. S. (1951) · Journal of the Franklin Institute · doi:10.1016/0016-0032(51)91070-8 · Cited by 652
Why are pictures easier to recall than words?
Paivio, A., Rogers, T. B., & Smythe, P. C. (1968) · Psychonomic Science · doi:10.3758/bf03331011 · Cited by 491

Show all 29 references

Research works printed but not linked: 4

Seibert L. C., 1932, Johns Hopkins University Studies in Education
Standing L., 1971, Preparing stimuli for picture-memory studies. Research Report EP-2; Psychology Department
Standing L., 1971, Categorizing stimuli for picture-memory studies. Research Report EP-2; Psychology Department
Woodworth R. S., 1915, Journal of Philosophy, 12, 246

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 963

Accumulation and persistence of memory for natural scenes
Melcher, D. (2006) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/6.1.2 · Cited by 114
The neurobiology of learning and memory
Cotman, C. W., & LYNCH, G. S. (1989) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(89)90010-3 · Cited by 116
Computational Imagery
Glasgow, J., & Papadias, D. (1992) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1207/s15516709cog1603_2 · Cited by 114
Stories, Statistics, and Memory
Graeber, T. G., Roth, C., & Zimmermann, F. (2024) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/qje/qjae020 · Cited by 119
Measuring Affective Advertising: Implications of Low Attention Processing on Recall
Heath, R., & Nairn, A. C. (2005) · Journal of Advertising Research · doi:10.1017/s0021849905050282 · Cited by 110
Conceptual masking: The effects of subsequent visual events on memory for pictures.
Intraub, H. (1984) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.10.1.115 · Cited by 108
Sources of interference in item and associative recognition memory.
Osth, A. F., & Dennis, S. J. (2015) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/a0038692 · Cited by 111
Multitouch Gesture-Based Authentication
Sae-Bae, N., Memon, N. D., Isbister, K., & Ahmed, K. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security · doi:10.1109/tifs.2014.2302582 · Cited by 103
Robust Representation of Stable Object Values in the Oculomotor Basal Ganglia
Yasuda, M., Yamamoto, S., & Hikosaka, O. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3438-12.2012 · Cited by 104
Retention of pictorial and verbal content of a text with illustrations.
Peeck, J. (1974) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0021531 · Cited by 103
Paradigms of Knowledge and Instruction
Farnham-Diggory, S. (1994) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543064003463 · Cited by 101
Computer Usage by Children with Down Syndrome
Feng, J. H., Lazar, J. K., Kumin, L., & Ozok, A. A. (2010) · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing · doi:10.1145/1714458.1714460 · Cited by 104
Model of Familiarity Discrimination in the Perirhinal Cortex
Bogacz, R., Brown, M. W., & Giraud-Carrier, C. G. (2001) · Journal of Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.1023/a:1008925909305 · Cited by 100
Evidence concerning how neurons of the perirhinal cortex may effect familiarity discrimination
Brown, M. W., & Bashir, Z. I. (2002) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2002.1097 · Cited by 100
Recognition memory for briefly presented pictures: The time course of rapid forgetting.
Potter, M. C., Staub, A., Radó, J., & O’Connor, D. H. (2002) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037//0096-1523.28.5.1163 · Cited by 100
Short-Term Memory Trace in Rapidly Adapting Synapses of Inferior Temporal Cortex
Sugase-Miyamoto, Y., Liu, Z., Wiener, M. C., Optican, L. M., & Richmond, B. J. (2008) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000073 · Cited by 103
From recognition to decisions: Extending and testing recognition-based models for multialternative inference
Marewski, J. N., Gaissmaier, W., Schooler, L. J., Goldstein, D. G., & Gigerenzer, G. (2010) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/pbr.17.3.287 · Cited by 101
Neural Darwinism and consciousness
Seth, A. K., & Baars, B. J. (2004) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2004.08.008 · Cited by 102
The interplay of episodic and semantic memory in guiding repeated search in scenes
Võ, M. L. ‐., & Wolfe, J. M. (2012) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2012.09.017 · Cited by 96
Such stuff as dreams are made on? Elaborative encoding, the ancient art of memory, and the hippocampus
Llewellyn, S. (2013) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x12003135 · Cited by 95
When does repeated search in scenes involve memory? Looking at versus looking for objects in scenes.
Võ, M. L. ‐., & Wolfe, J. M. (2011) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/a0024147 · Cited by 100
Visual memory: What do you know about what you saw?
Wolfe, J. M. (1998) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(98)70192-7 · Cited by 95
Plink: "Thin Slices" of Music
Krumhansl, C. L. (2010) · Music Perception An Interdisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1525/mp.2010.27.5.337 · Cited by 94
Reliability, performance characteristics, construct validity, and an initial clinical application of a Visual Object Learning Test (VOLT).
Glahn, D. C., Gur, R. C., Ragland, J. D., Censits, D. M., & Gur, R. E. (1997) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.11.4.602 · Cited by 93
What people believe about memory
Magnussen, S. J., Andersson, J., Cornoldi, C., Béni, R. D., Endestad, T., Goodman, G. S., Helstrup, T., Koriat, A., Larsson, M. U., Melinder, A. M. D., et al. (2006) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658210600646716 · Cited by 102
Recent Research on Visual Mnemonics: Historical Roots and Educational Fruits
Higbee, K. L. (1979) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.2307/1169987 · Cited by 94
The role of object categories in hybrid visual and memory search.
Cunningham, C. A., & Wolfe, J. M. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/a0036313 · Cited by 92
Seek and you shall remember: Scene semantics interact with visual search to build better memories
Draschkow, D., Wolfe, J. M., & Võ, M. L. ‐. (2014) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/14.8.10 · Cited by 91
Prolonged visual memory in macaques and man
Overman, W., & Doty, R. W. (1980) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(80)90032-9 · Cited by 91
Methods for reducing interference in the Complementary Learning Systems model: Oscillating inhibition and autonomous memory rehearsal
Norman, K. A., Newman, E. L., & Perotte, R. (2005) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2005.08.010 · Cited by 94
Spatial Learning and Computer Simulations in Science
Lindgren, R., & Schwartz, D. L. (2009) · International Journal of Science Education · doi:10.1080/09500690802595813 · Cited by 90
Long-Term Memory for 400 Pictures on a Common Theme
Vogt, S., & Magnussen, S. J. (2007) · Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) · doi:10.1027/1618-3169.54.4.298 · Cited by 89
Distractor plausibility and criterion placement in recognition
Benjamin, A. S., & Bawa, S. (2004) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/j.jml.2004.04.001 · Cited by 89
Pictorial and Conceptual Representation of Glimpsed Pictures.
Potter, M. C., Staub, A., & O’Connor, D. H. (2004) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.30.3.478 · Cited by 89
The Role of Consciousness in MemoryPreprint
Franklin, S., Baars, B. J., Ramamurthy, U., & Ventura, M. (2005) · CogPrints (University of Southampton) · Cited by 88
Spatial Representations and Imagery in Learning
Schwartz, D. L., & Heiser, J. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511816833.018 · Cited by 86
Visual short-term memory capacity predicts the “bandwidth” of visual long-term memory encoding
Fukuda, K., & Vogel, E. K. (2019) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-019-00954-0 · Cited by 93
A Retrieved-Context Theory of Financial Decisions
Wachter, J. A., & Kahana, M. J. (2019) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/qje/qjad050 · Cited by 84
Dimensions of lexical coding in Chinese and English
Chen, H.-C., & Juola, J. F. (1982) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03197632 · Cited by 84
Asymmetries in the direction of saccades during perception of scenes and fractals: Effects of image type and image features
Foulsham, T., & Kingstone, A. F. (2010) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2010.01.019 · Cited by 84
Capacity and limits of associative memory in pigeons
Cook, R. G., Levison, D. G., Gillett, S., & Blaisdell, A. P. (2005) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03196384 · Cited by 81
Forgotten but not gone: Savings for pictures and words in long-term memory.
MacLeod, C. M. (1988) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.14.2.195 · Cited by 81
Preparing for Future Learning with a Tangible User Interface: The Case of Neuroscience
Schneider, B., Wallace, J. L., Blikstein, P., & Pea, R. D. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies · doi:10.1109/tlt.2013.15 · Cited by 79
Developmental changes in visual object recognition between 18 and 24 months of age
Pereira, A. F., & Smith, L. B. (2008) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00747.x · Cited by 79
Population response magnitude variation in inferotemporal cortex predicts image memorability
Jaegle, A., Mehrpour, V., Mohsenzadeh, Y., Meyer, T., Oliva, A., & Rust, N. C. (2019) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.47596 · Cited by 82
Making graphic-based authentication secure against smudge attacks
von Zezschwitz, E., Koslow, A., Luca, A. D., & Hußmann, H. (2013) · ACM International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI) · doi:10.1145/2449396.2449432 · Cited by 74
Measuring icon complexity: An automated analysis
Forsythe, A., Sheehy, N. P., & Sawey, M. (2003) · Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers · doi:10.3758/bf03202562 · Cited by 73
An investigation of the cognitive processes underlying the keyword method of foreign vocabulary learning
Shapiro, A. M., & Waters, D. L. (2005) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1191/1362168805lr151oa · Cited by 73
Pictorial similarity judgments and the organization of visual memory in the rhesus monkey.
Sands, S. F., Lincoln, C. E., & Wright, A. A. (1982) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037//0096-3445.111.4.369 · Cited by 73
Memory for words, pictures, and faces: Retroactive interference, forgetting, and reminiscence.
Deffenbacher, K. A., Carr, T. H., & Leu, J. R. (1981) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Learning & Memory · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.7.4.299 · Cited by 73
Adopting Abstract Images for Semantic Scene Understanding
Zitnick, C. L., Vedantam, R., & Parikh, D. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2014.2366143 · Cited by 72
Detection of parts in patterns and images
Reed, S. K., & Johnsen, J. A. (1975) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03197532 · Cited by 72
Memorability: How what we see influences what we remember
Bainbridge, W. A. (2019) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/bs.plm.2019.02.001 · Cited by 71
The role of working memory and long-term memory in visual search
Woodman, G. F., & Chun, M. M. (2006) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/13506280500197397 · Cited by 69
The Effect of Feedback on Face‐Matching Accuracy
Alenezi, H. M., & Bindemann, M. (2013) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.2968 · Cited by 54
Failures of memory and the fate of forgotten memories
Miller, R. R. (2021) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107426 · Cited by 70
A signal detection analysis of the recognition heuristic
Pleskac, T. J. (2007) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03194081 · Cited by 70
Deficient Recognition Memory Inorganic Amnesia
Warrington, E. K. (1974) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(74)80022-5 · Cited by 67
Memory for Melodies
Halpern, A. R., & Bartlett, J. C. (2010) · Springer handbook of auditory research · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6114-3_8 · Cited by 66
Why don't we see changes? The role of attentional bottlenecks and limited visual memory
Wolfe, J. M., Reinecke, A., & Brawn, P. (2006) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/13506280500195292 · Cited by 70
Levels of processing and picture memory: The physical superiority effect.
Intraub, H., & Nicklos, S. (1985) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.11.2.284 · Cited by 66
False predictions about the detectability of visual changes: The role of beliefs about attention, memory, and the continuity of attended objects in causing change blindness blindness
Levin, D. T., Drivdahl, S. B., Momen, N., & Beck, M. R. (2002) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/s1053-8100(02)00020-x · Cited by 66
Manipulating cues in involuntary autobiographical memory: Verbal cues are more effective than pictorial cues
Mazzoni, G. A. L., Vannucci, M., & Batool, I. (2014) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-014-0420-3 · Cited by 63
Deep Learning for Predicting Image Memorability
Squalli-Houssaini, H., Duong, N. Q. K., Marquant, G., & Demarty, C.-H. (2018) · IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/icassp.2018.8462292 · Cited by 63
Does visual expertise improve visual recognition memory?
Evans, K. K., Cohen, M. A., Tambouret, R., Horowitz, T. S., Kreindel, E., & Wolfe, J. M. (2010) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-010-0022-5 · Cited by 67
Image memorability across longer time intervals
Goetschalckx, L., Moors, P., & Wagemans, J. P. (2017) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2017.1383435 · Cited by 62
The perceptual neural trace of memorable unseen scenes
Mohsenzadeh, Y., Mullin, C. R., Oliva, A., & Pantazis, D. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42429-x · Cited by 62
Rethinking Scene Perception
Intraub, H. (2010) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(10)52006-1 · Cited by 65
Re-viewing reality: human factors of synthetic training environments
Stedmon, A. W., & Stone, R. J. (2001) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1006/ijhc.2001.0498 · Cited by 60
Memorable and rich video summarization
Fei, M., Jiang, W., & Mao, W. (2016) · Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation · doi:10.1016/j.jvcir.2016.12.001 · Cited by 58
Neural Representations Observed
Thomson, E. E., & Piccinini, G. (2018) · Minds and Machines · doi:10.1007/s11023-018-9459-4 · Cited by 62
Search superiority: Goal-directed attentional allocation creates more reliable incidental identity and location memory than explicit encoding in naturalistic virtual environments
Helbing, J., Draschkow, D., & Võ, M. L. ‐. (2020) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2019.104147 · Cited by 58
Role of the dorsal hippocampus in object memory load
Sannino, S., Russo, F., Torromino, G., Pendolino, V., Calabresi, P., & De Leonibus, E. (2012) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.025213.111 · Cited by 57
Order and entropy in picture passwords
Komanduri, S., & Hutchings, D. R. (2008) · Cited by 57
Perceiving set mean and range: Automaticity and precision
Khayat, N., & Hochstein, S. (2018) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/18.9.23 · Cited by 57
The construction and analogical transfer of symbolic visualizations
Schwartz, D. L. (1993) · Journal of Research in Science Teaching · doi:10.1002/tea.3660301011 · Cited by 57
Early Detection of Memory Impairment in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Neurocognitive Perspective on Assessment
Lowndes, G., & Savage, G. R. (2007) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-007-9032-z · Cited by 56
An iconic language for the graphical representation of medical concepts
Lamy, J.-B., Duclos, C., Bar‐Hen, A., Ouvrard, P., & Alain Venot, A. (2008) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/1472-6947-8-16 · Cited by 63
Recognition and Memory for Briefly Presented Scenes
Potter, M. C. (2012) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00032 · Cited by 56
Imagery and organization in memory: Instructional effects
Begg, I. M. (1978) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03197443 · Cited by 56
Single-exposure visual memory judgments are reflected in inferotemporal cortex
Meyer, T., & Rust, N. C. (2018) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.32259 · Cited by 56
Annotating, Understanding, and Predicting Long-term Video Memorability
Cohendet, R., Yadati, K., Duong, N. Q. K., & Demarty, C.-H. (2018) · International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval · doi:10.1145/3206025.3206056 · Cited by 54
Visual novelty, curiosity, and intrinsic reward in machine learning and the brain
Jaegle, A., Mehrpour, V., & Rust, N. C. (2019) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2019.08.004 · Cited by 56
Meta-learning synaptic plasticity and memory addressing for continual familiarity detection
Tyulmankov, D., Yang, G. R., & Abbott, L. F. (2021) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2021.11.009 · Cited by 55
Interference in memory for pictorial information
Anderson, J. R., & Paulson, R. (1978) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(78)90013-0 · Cited by 54
A Higher Sensory Brain Region Is Involved in Reversing Reinforcement-Induced Vocal Changes in a Songbird
Canopoli, A., Herbst, J. A., & Hahnloser, R. H. R. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0266-14.2014 · Cited by 53
Recognizing what matters: Value improves recognition by selectively enhancing recollection
Hennessee, J. P., Castel, A. D., & Knowlton, B. J. (2017) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/j.jml.2016.12.004 · Cited by 54
Interference from filled delays on visual change detection
Makovski, T., Shim, W. M., & Jiang, Y. V. (2006) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/6.12.11 · Cited by 56
Long‐term Retention of Many Visual Patterns by Pigeons
von Fersen, L., & Delius, J. D. (1989) · Ethology · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1989.tb00495.x · Cited by 53
The magic number 70 (plus or minus 20): Variables determining performance in the Rodent Odor Span Task
April, L. B., Bruce, K. E. M., & Galizio, M. (2013) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/j.lmot.2013.03.001 · Cited by 52
Eye Movements, Visual Memory, and Scene Representation
Henderson, J. M., & Hollingworth, A. (2006) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195313659.003.0014 · Cited by 52
How Doctors Generate Diagnostic Hypotheses: A Study of Radiological Diagnosis with Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Melo, M., Scarpin, D. J., Amaro, E., Passos, R. B. D., Sato, J. R., Friston, K. J., & Price, C. J. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028752 · Cited by 51
Enhanced recognition of memorable pictures in ultra-fast RSVP
Broers, N., Potter, M. C., & Nieuwenstein, M. R. (2017) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-017-1295-7 · Cited by 51
LIDA: A Computational Model of Global Workspace Theory and Developmental Learning.
Franklin, S., Ramamurthy, U., D’Mello, S. K., McCauley, L., Negatu, A., Silva, L. R., & Datla, V. V. (2007) · National Conference on Artificial Intelligence · Cited by 51
Scaling Laws of Associative Memory Retrieval
Romani, S., Pinkoviezky, I., Rubin, A., & Tsodyks, M. V. (2013) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco_a_00499 · Cited by 51
The Robustness of Learning about the Trustworthiness of Other People
Falvello, V. B., Vinson, M., Ferrari, C., & Todorov, A. T. (2015) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.2015.33.5.368 · Cited by 49
Instance theory as a domain-general framework for cognitive psychology
Jamieson, R. K., Johns, B. T., Vokey, J. R., & Jones, M. N. (2022) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-022-00025-3 · Cited by 54
Forecasting elections with mere recognition from small, lousy samples: A comparison of collective recognition, wisdom of crowds, and representative polls
Gaissmaier, W., & Marewski, J. N. (2011) · Judgment and Decision Making · doi:10.1017/s1930297500002102 · Cited by 50
Accurate identification but no priming and chance recognition memory for pictures in RSVP sequences
Subramaniam, S., Biederman, I., & Madigan, S. A. (2000) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/135062800394630 · Cited by 53
Retrieval Failure Contributes to Gist-Based False Recognition
Guerin, S. A., Robbins, C. A., Gilmore, A. W., & Schacter, D. (2012) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/j.jml.2011.07.002 · Cited by 45

Authors: Standing, L.
Affiliations: Bishop's University (CA)
Corresponding author: Standing, Lionel
Venue: Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 1973-05
Volume: 25
Issue: 2
Pages: 207-222
ISSN: 0033-555X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1080/14640747308400340
OpenAlex: W2022872918
Cited by: 968
References: 29
Citations by year: 2026: 22 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 32
FWCI: 5.95
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
Keywords: image memory, verbal memory, memory capacity, recognition memory, free recall, retrieval speed, power law, one-trial learning, reaction time, picture superiority effect, choice reaction time
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Auditory Perception, Discrimination Learning, Humans, Information Theory, Memory, Reaction Time, Verbal Learning, Visual Perception

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Learning 10000 pictures

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks