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Pharmacotherapy for generalized anxiety disorder in adult and pediatric patients: an evidence-based treatment review
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INTRODUCTION: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) often begins during adolescence or early adulthood and persists throughout the lifespan. Randomized controlled trials support the efficacy of selective serotonin and selective serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs and SNRIs, respectively), as well as benzodiazepines, azapirones, anti-adrenergic medications, melatonin analogs, second-generation antipsychotics, kava, and lavender oil in GAD. However, psychopharmacologic treatment selection requires clinicians to consider multiple factors, including age, co-morbidity, and prior treatment. Areas covered: The authors review the literature concerning pharmacotherapy for pediatric and adult patients with GAD with specific commentary on the efficacy and tolerability of selected agents in these age groups. The authors describe an algorithmic approach to the pediatric and adult patient with GAD and highlight considerations for the use of selected medications in these patients. Expert opinion: In adults with GAD, SSRIs and SNRIs represent the first-line psychopharmacologic treatment while second-line pharmacotherapies include buspirone, benzodiazepines, SGAs, and pregabalin. In pediatric patients with GAD, SSRIs should be considered the first line pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy enhances antidepressant response.
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“However, research on these medications for this population is limited, and their use is generally not preferred over SSRIs and SNRIs and should only be used with great caution and close monitoring in this population because of the adverse side effect profile [31,34,35].”
From The risks versus the benefits of pharmacological intervention in social anxiety disorder in children (2025) · cites this paper as [31]
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“Second-line treatments include serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) [31,32].”
From The risks versus the benefits of pharmacological intervention in social anxiety disorder in children (2025) · cites this paper as [31]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Strawn, J. R., Geracioti, L., Rajdev, N., Clemenza, K., & Levine, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Cincinnati (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Strawn, Jeffrey R.
- Venue
- Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2018-07-03
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1057-1070
- ISSN
- 1465-6566 (ISSN-L)
- 1744-7666
- PMC
- PMC6340395
- OpenAlex
- W2884641336
- Cited by
- 214
- References
- 131
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 1.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH106037)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Medicinal Plant Extracts Effects
- Keywords
- generalized anxiety disorder, pharmacotherapy, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, benzodiazepines, buspirone, atypical antipsychotics, pregabalin, kava, lavender essential oil, childhood anxiety, adult anxiety, treatment selection algorithm, treatment efficacy and tolerability, psychotherapy
- MeSH terms
- Serotonin and Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors, Adult, Antidepressive Agents, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Humans, Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors, Antipsychotic Agents, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Evidence-Based Practice
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