Research Review: Pediatric Anxiety Disorders—What Have We Learnt in the Last 10 Years?
Open accessAbstract
Background: Anxiety disorders first emerge during the critical developmental periods of childhood and adolescence. This review synthesizes recent findings on the prevalence, risk factors, and course of the anxiety disorders; and their neurobiology and treatment. Methods: For this review, searches were conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, and clinicaltrials.gov . Findings related to the epidemiology, neurobiology, risk factors, and treatment of pediatric anxiety disorders were then summarized. Findings: Anxiety disorders are high prevalence, and early‐onset conditions associated with multiple risk factors including early inhibited temperament, environment stress, and structural and functional abnormalities in the prefrontal‐amygdala circuitry as well as the default mode and salience networks. The anxiety disorders are effectively treated with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Conclusions: Anxiety disorders are high prevalence, early‐onset conditions associated with a distinct neurobiological fingerprint, and are consistently responsive to treatment. Questions remain regarding who is at risk of developing anxiety disorders as well as the way in which neurobiology predicts treatment response.
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The interaction between ADHD and AD is widely debated in the literature, since they have independent transmission patterns, represent different expressions of the same genetic risk factor, and share some neurodevelopmental brain abnormalities.
“The interaction between ADHD and AD is widely debated in the literature, since they have independent transmission patterns, represent different expressions of the same genetic risk factor [48,111], and share some neurodevelopmental brain abnormalities [106,112,113,114].”
From ADHD Children Take More Time to Inhibit Automatic Responses: A Comparison with Anxiety Disorders Using NEPSY-II (2025) · cites this paper as [114]
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe age of onset of anxiety disorders usually occurs in childhood or adolescence.
“with the age of onset usually occurring in childhood or adolescence [9–11]”
From Acceptance and commitment therapy as a transdiagnostic approach to adolescents with different anxiety disorders: study protocol. (2025) · cites this paper as [11]
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Neuroscience-based Nomenclature (NbN): A call for action
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Negative peer social interactions and oxytocin levels linked to suicidal ideation in anxious youth
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Neurobiology of Pediatric Anxiety Disorders
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Smoking Behavior and Alcohol Consumption in Individuals With Panic Attacks
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Mediators of Treatment Outcomes for Anxious Children and Adolescents: The Role of Somatic Symptoms
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School phobia: controlled imipramine treatment.
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Failure in Cognitive Suppression of Negative Affect in Adolescents with Generalized Anxiety Disorder
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What’s in a Name? Moving to Neuroscience-Based Nomenclature in Pediatric Psychopharmacology
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Behavioral Therapy, Sertraline, or Both in Childhood Anxiety
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Generalizability and Decision Studies of a Treatment Adherence Instrument
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Adverse Effects of Antidepressant Medications and their Management in Children and Adolescents
Strawn, J. R., Mills, J. A., Poweleit, E. A., Ramsey, L. B., & Croarkin, P. E. (2023) · Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy · doi:10.1002/phar.2767 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Self-citationAnxiety disorders in children and adolescents: A summary and overview of the literature
Rapee, R. M., Creswell, C., Kendall, P. C., Pine, D. S., & Waters, A. M. (2023) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2023.104376 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Escitalopram in Adolescents With Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Strawn, J. R., Mills, J. A., Schroeder, H. K., Mossman, S. A., Varney, S. T., Ramsey, L. B., Poweleit, E. A., Desta, Z., Cecil, K. M., & DelBello, M. P. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.20m13396 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
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Parikh, T., Strawn, J. R., Walkup, J. T., & Croarkin, P. E. (2021) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyab077 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationPegg, S. L., Hill, K. E., Argiros, A. P., Olatunji, B. O., & Kujawa, A. (2022) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-022-01384-7 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Vogel, E. N., Singh, S., & Accurso, E. C. (2021) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-021-00461-1 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Vaughn, S., Strawn, J., Poweleit, E., Sarangdhar, M., & Ramsey, L. (2021) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm11070615 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationGroenewold, N. A., Bas-Hoogendam, J. M., Amod, A. R., Laansma, M. A., Van Velzen, L. S., Aghajani, M., Hilbert, K., Oh, H., Salas, R., Jackowski, A. P., et al. (2023) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01933-9 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
The impact of treating parental anxiety on children’s mental health: An empty systematic review
Chapman, L. A., Hutson, R., Dunn, A., Brown, M., Savill, E., & Cartwright‐Hatton, S. (2022) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102557 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Strawn, J. R., & Levine, A. (2020) · Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.bionps.2020.100024 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“…(i.e., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs] and/or psychotherapy) (Roy-Byrne et al., 2010; Stein and Sareen, 2015; Strawn et al., 2018a; Strawn et al., 2020) and then wait 8-10 weeks (Connolly and Bernstein, 2007; Wehry et al., 2015), during which time they may observe improvement or…”
BackgroundSelf-citationSilvers, J. A., & Peris, T. S. (2023) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13776 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationLu, L., Mills, J. A., Li, H., Schroeder, H. K., Mossman, S. A., Varney, S. T., Cecil, K. M., Huang, X., Gong, Q., Ramsey, L. B., et al. (2021) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2020.11.023 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationClinical Symptomatology of Anxiety and Family Function in Adolescents—The Self-Esteem Mediator
Farmakopoulou, I., Lekka, M., & Gkintoni, E. (2024) · Children · doi:10.3390/children11030338 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Furthermore, there appears to be a reciprocal relationship between family dysfunction and the manifestation of anxiety symptoms in adolescents [84].”
BackgroundAn Honest Reckoning With the Amygdala and Mental Illness
Fox, A. S., & Shackman, A. J. (2024) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.20240941 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Pediatric Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Strawn, J. R., Poweleit, E. A., Uppugunduri, C. R. S., & Ramsey, L. B. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.749692 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationStrawn, J. R., Moldauer, L., Hahn, R. D., Wise, A. L., Bertzos, K., Eisenberg, B., Greenberg, E. F., Liu, C., Gopalkrishnan, M., McVoy, M. K., et al. (2023) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2023.0004 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Certainly, future studies will be needed to refine escitalopram dosing approaches in pediatric patients to maximize response and tolerability (Strawn et al., 2021b) and to refine recommendations for considering CYP2C19 phenotype when using escitalopram in youth (Hicks et al., 2013).”
Self-citationHyland, S., Mackin, D. M., Goldstein, B. L., Finsaas, M. C., & Klein, D. N. (2022) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-022-00941-1 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Additionally, youth anxiety disorders often persist into adulthood, contributing to significant lifelong impairment (Strawn et al., 2021).”
BackgroundDevelopmental Epidemiology of Pediatric Anxiety Disorders
Warner, E. N., Ammerman, R. T., Glauser, T. A., Pestian, J. P., Agasthya, G. A., & Strawn, J. R. (2023) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2023.02.001 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Management of Anxiety and Depression in Pediatrics
Pettitt, R., Brown, E. A., Delashmitt, J. C., & Pizzo, M. N. (2022) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.30231 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Risk Factors for Pediatric Anxiety Disorders
Warner, E. N., & Strawn, J. R. (2023) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2022.10.001 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationYang, R., Ye, S., Zhang, S., Huang, H., Zhang, Y., Yao, Y., Xie, S., He, L., Yang, Y., & Shi, J. (2023) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/wnr.0000000000001922 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Leveraging big data to map neurodevelopmental trajectories in pediatric anxiety
Zacharek, S. J., Kribakaran, S., Kitt, E. R., & Gee, D. G. (2021) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100974 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“While the majority of existing research on anxietyrelated structural differences has been conducted in adults, emerging studies in youth suggest similar patterns (Strawn et al., 2020).”
BackgroundCuda, S. E., Kharofa, R. Y., Williams, D. R., O’Hara, V. M., Conroy, R., Karjoo, S., Paisley, J., Censani, M., & Browne, N. T. (2022) · Obesity Pillars · doi:10.1016/j.obpill.2022.100031 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Anxiety with increased BMI is more common in females than in males [147,148].”
BackgroundAdolescent depression and anxiety treatment in rural schools: A systematic review.
Berryhill, M. B., Carlson, C., Hopson, L. M., Culmer, N. P., & Williams, N. T. (2021) · Rural Mental Health · doi:10.1037/rmh0000183 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Neurocircuitry of treatment in anxiety disorders
Baumel, W. T., Lu, L., Huang, X., Drysdale, A. T., Sweeny, J. A., Gong, Q., Sylvester, C. M., & Strawn, J. R. (2022) · Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.bionps.2022.100052 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationDoyle, M. M. (2022) · Pediatrics in Review · doi:10.1542/pir.2020-001198 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Strawn, J. R., Xu, Y., Cecil, K. M., Khoury, J. C., Altaye, M., Braun, J. M., Lanphear, B. P., Sjödin, A., Chen, A., & Yolton, K. A. (2022) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.23284 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationBaumel, W. T., Mills, J. A., Schroeder, H. K., Neptune, Z. A., Specht, A. M., Levine, A., & Strawn, J. R. (2023) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-023-01586-x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Specifically, the dysregulation of serotonin (Crowell 2004; Jones et al. 2007; Strawn et al. 2021; Yu et al. 2019), the autonomic nervous system (Koban et al. 2021; Michopoulos et al. 2017; Teed et al. 2022), and visceral hypersensitivity/interoception (Black et al. 2020; Hoehn-Saric and McLeod…”
Self-citationKirshenbaum, J. S., Pagliaccio, D., Pizzagalli, D. A., & Auerbach, R. P. (2024) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-024-02818-x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Cornwell, B. R., Didier, P. R., Grogans, S. E., Anderson, A. S., Islam, S., Kim, H. C., Kuhn, M., Tillman, R. M., Hur, J., Scott, Z. S., et al. (2025) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2113-24.2025 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Stancil, S. L., Tumberger, J., & Strawn, J. R. (2021) · Clinical and Translational Science · doi:10.1111/cts.13216 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationJENKINS, J. H., Sánchez, G., Miller, E. A., Allande, N. I. S., Urano, G., & Pryor, A. J. (2022) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00207640221140282 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“The onset of symptoms of anxiety may begin earlier in the life course, frequently preceding or co-occurring with depressive symptoms (Beesdo et al., 2010; Strawn et al., 2021).”
BackgroundStrawn, J. R., Poweleit, E. A., Mills, J. A., Schroeder, H. K., Neptune, Z. A., Specht, A. M., Farrow, J. E., Zhang, X., Martin, L. J., & Ramsey, L. B. (2021) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm11111188 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationCarlander, A., Cassel, S., Höök, M. J., Lundgren, O., & Löf, M. (2024) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.2007 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“However, we advise practitioners to proceed with caution since anxiety (Strawn et al., 2021) and depression (Shore et al., 2018) Moreover, in line with large previous studies reporting a high degree of comorbidity between anxiety and depression among children (Bitsko et al., 2018; Ghandour et al.,…”
BackgroundResultDistinct social attention profiles in preschoolers with autism contrasted to fragile X syndrome
Wall, C. A., Shic, F., Varanasi, S., & Roberts, J. E. (2022) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2857 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Persisting symptoms after concussion: Considerations for active treatment
Mucha, A., Pardini, J., Herring, S. A., Murphy, J., Elbin, R. J., Bauer, R. M., Schmidt, J. D., Resch, J. E., & Broshek, D. K. (2022) · PM&R · doi:10.1002/pmrj.12931 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
State of the Evidence for Use of Psychotropic Medications in School-Age Youth
Shahidullah, J. D., Roberts, H. J., Parkhurst, J. T., Ballard, R., Mautone, J. A., & Carlson, J. S. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10091454 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“There is robust evidence for the efficacy and safety of both CBT and medication treatments for pediatric anxiety disorders [75–77].”
BackgroundBrown, F. L., Lee, C., Servili, C., Willhoite, A., van Ommeren, M., Hijazi, Z., Kieselbach, B. S., & Skeen, S. (2024) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2024.57 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Similar benefits were found for digitally delivered programs (Strawn et al., 2021).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialYouth Generalized Anxiety and Brain Activation States During Socioemotional Processing
Camacho, M. C., Schwarzlose, R. F., Perino, M. T., Labonte, A. K., Koirala, S., Barch, D. M., & Sylvester, C. M. (2024) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.4105 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Palmer, E., Woolgar, M., Carter, B., Cartwright‐Hatton, S., & Challacombe, F. L. (2022) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/camh.12596 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Bruin, W. B., Zhutovsky, P., van Wingen, G. A., Bas‐Hoogendam, J. M., Groenewold, N. A., Hilbert, K., Winkler, A. M., Zugman, A., Agosta, F., Åhs, F., et al. (2024) · Nature Mental Health · doi:10.1038/s44220-023-00173-2 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“We focused on individuals between 10 and 25 years old, thus capturing the critical transition from adolescence to young adulthood in which these anxiety disorders first develop 3,4,31 .”
Brain network integration underpins differential susceptibility of adolescent anxiety
Ding, Q., Xu, J., Peng, S., Chen, J., Luo, Y., Li, X., Wu, R., Li, X., & Qin, S. (2023) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291723002325 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Promoting optimal mental health outcomes for children and youth
Arruda, W., Bélanger, S. A., Cohen, J. S., Hrycko, S., Kawamura, A. A., Lane, M., Patriquin, M. J., & Korczak, D. J. (2023) · Paediatrics & Child Health · doi:10.1093/pch/pxad032 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Hammoud, R. A., Ammar, L. A., McCall, S. J., Shamseddeen, W. A., & Elbejjani, M. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-05725-z · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Neuropsicologia de los trastornos de ansiedad
González, R., & Parra-Bolaños, N. (2023) · Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar · doi:10.37811/cl_rcm.v7i1.4825 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Lee, K. S., Lebowitz, E. R., Silverman, W. K., & Tseng, W. (2023) · JCPP Advances · doi:10.1002/jcv2.12192 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“…between the parent and child has been applied to understanding the development of child irritability – a proneness to anger that may reach a clinical level (Stringaris et al., 2018; Vidal ‐ Ribas et al., 2016) https://doi.org/10.1002/jcv2.12192 (Strawn et al., 2021; Stringaris et al., 2018).”
BackgroundInfluentialDíaz, D. E., Block, S. R., Becker, H. C., Phan, K. L., Monk, C. S., & Fitzgerald, K. D. (2024) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2024.06.010 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Bian, L., Zhang, T., Wu, Y., & Shan, X. (2025) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-025-05571-2 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Anxiety may alter the role of fronto-striatal circuitry in adolescent risky decision-making
Baker, A. E., Padgaonkar, N. T., Galván, A., & Peris, T. S. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.063 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationOutcome Findings and Issues in Psychotherapy With Children and Adolescents: Internalizing Disorders
Viana, A. G., Trent, E. S., Conroy, H. E., & Raines, E. M. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818697-8.00046-7 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Hur, J., Tillman, R. M., Kim, H. C., Didier, P. R., Anderson, A. S., Islam, S., Stockbridge, M. D., Reyes, A. D. L., DeYoung, K. A., Smith, J. F., et al. (2024) · Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science · doi:10.1037/abn0000940 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Achule, A., Gedeno, K., & Aweke, Z. (2025) · Annals of Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1097/ms9.0000000000002912 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Becker‐Haimes, E. M., Weiss, M., Schaechter, T., Young, S., & Sanchez, A. L. (2025) · Journal of Mood and Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.xjmad.2025.100129 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“17 [43].”
Marusak, H. A., Zundel, C. G., Shakir, T., Ely, S. L., Carpenter, C., Shampine, M. M., Tamimi, R., Matsko, M., Rogers, S., Losiowski, J., et al. (2025) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-025-02155-7 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Beyond this, pharmacologic treatment options for pediatric anxiety disorders are also limited [24].”
Self-citationZaidman‐Zait, A., Hollocks, M. J., Kerns, C. M., Magiati, I., McVey, A. J., Smith, I. M., Bedford, R., Bennett, T. A., Duku, E., Georgiades, S., et al. (2025) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/camh.70026 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Oral Oxytocin Blurs Sex Differences in Amygdala Responses to Emotional Scenes
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Threat Appraisal and Pediatric Anxiety: Proof of Concept of a Latent Variable Approach
Bernstein, R. A., Smith, A. R., Kitt, E. R., Cardinale, E. M., Harrewijn, A., Abend, R., Michalska, K. J., Pine, D. S., & Kircanski, K. (2023) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026231190349 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Heightened threat appraisals and responses are already evident in youths with clinical anxiety (reviewed in Strawn et al., 2020), possibly contributing to the etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders into adulthood (reviewed in Pittig et al., 2018).”
Hercules, K., Liu, Z., Christofilea, E., Wei, J., Venegas, G., Ciocca, O., Dyer, A., Lee, G. E., Santini-Bishop, S., Shappell, H. M., et al. (2025) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100506 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Here, increased internalizing symptoms may re fl ect anxiety-related symptoms, such as fearing negative evaluation, which may impact fMRI task compliance (73).”
Ladouceur, C. D. (2026) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081423-022321 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Neural Markers of Treatment Response in Pediatric Anxiety and PTSD
Díaz, D. E., Becker, H. C., & Fitzgerald, K. D. (2024) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2024_547 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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“Additional pharmacologic interventions are urgently needed (Strawn et al. 2020), but the development of new treatments is impeded by high placebo response rates.”
BackgroundSelf-citationGoenka, A., Yu, S. G., Chikkannaiah, M., George, M. C., MacDonald, S., Stolfi, A., & Kumar, G. (2022) · Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2022.02.002 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Infant sensory gating and a developmental cascade to autistic traits and anxiety
Schwarzlose, R. F. (2025) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-025-02253-6 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Murphy, C., Molisani, S. E., Riisen, A. C., Scotti-Degnan, C. M., Karvounides, D., Witzman, S., Kaufman, M. C., Gonzalez, A. K., Ramos, M., Szperka, C. L., et al. (2025) · Neurology Clinical Practice · doi:10.1212/cpj.0000000000200458 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Ogunlade, S. B., Abioye, A. I., Kuyebi, M. A., Musa, J., Abubakar, A. K., Yisa, M. N., Olukorode, S. O., Oyadiran, O. T., Okusanya, T. R., Olofin, D. O., et al. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.02.22.25322718 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Multiple factors contribute to childhood anxiety disorders including environmental stress, parenting styles and changes in the brain amygdala and subcortical structures during maturation 71 .”
Longitudinal Changes in Infant Attention-Related Brain Networks and Fearful Temperament
Filippi, C. A., Massera, A., Xing, J., Park, H. G., Valadez, E. A., Elison, J. T., Kanel, D., Pine, D. S., Fox, N. A., & Winkler, A. M. (2025) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1101/2025.01.24.25321085 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Sievertsen, S. A., Zhu, J., Fang, A., & Forsyth, J. K. (2025) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.02.005 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“To assess specificity of GAD-associated connectivity metrics to GAD versus disorders that commonly cooccur with GAD (75,76), sensitivity analyses using models that paralleled the primary GAD versus HC analyses were conducted comparing connectivity for 6 groups, as follows: 1) youths with current…”
How to identify depression and anxiety in children and adolescents
Linan, C. B. A., Rocha, G. M., & Lucion, M. K. (2025) · Jornal de Pediatria · doi:10.1016/j.jped.2025.101462 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Tricyclic antidepressants are not routinely recommended due to their multiple adverse effects and the need for rigorous electrocardiographic and laboratory monitoring [3,8,9,12,13,22,27,29,30].”
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“We selected commonly used measures covering the major components of family [45, 46], social [45, 47, 48], and cognitive/coping factors [49–54] based on previous studies of the risk factors of SAD [55].”
Investigation of functional connectivity differences based on anxiety tendencies
Oishi, M., Sakurai, N., Kawasaki, Y., Sasaki, K., Kasai, S., & Kodama, N. (2024) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1498612 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ferries, E., Suponcic, S., Louie, D. J., Robinson, K., Lam, F., Silber, A., O’Hara, M., Duong, P., McIntyre, R. S., & Strawn, J. R. (2026) · Journal of Mood and Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.xjmad.2026.100172 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationPediatric insomnia: Assessment and diagnosis
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Foreman, R. M., & Zappas, M. P. (2023) · The Nurse Practitioner · doi:10.1097/01.npr.0000000000000015 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“However, some children exhibit insecure attachment styles (and are not reassured by the return of their caregivers) as early as 12 months of age; these children are at increased risk of developing anxiety disorders.(9) The onset of social anxiety disorders typically occurs around age 12 and affects approximately 9% of…”
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Uzzell, J., Dunlap, J. J., Wilson, J., & Thaxton, C. A. (2025) · Journal of Pediatric Health Care · doi:10.1016/j.pedhc.2024.11.016 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Anxiety disorders and asthma among adolescents in Uganda: role of early-life exposures
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Social Disability and Impairment in Childhood Anxiety
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Neurobiology of Treatment in Pediatric Anxiety Disorders
Baumel, W. T., & Strawn, J. R. (2023) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2023.02.005 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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de Barros, P. M. F., Farhat, L. C., Polga, N., Leckman, J. F., Miguel, E. C., & Lebowitz, E. R. (2025) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-025-01831-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Chandrashekar, M., Tschida, J., Strawn, J. R., Hanson, H. A., Santel, D., Goethert, I., Kapadia, A., Glauser, T. A., Pestian, J. P., & Agasthya, G. A. (2025) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2025.114735 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationA role for the TMEM132D gene in psychiatric disorders revealed by a neuroscience class assignment
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Hernández, P. J. R., Perales, G. O., Esperón, C. S., Pedreira, P. A., Vico, L. A., Gómez, L. V., & Escalona, R. C. (2026) · Anales de Pediatría · doi:10.1016/j.anpedi.2026.504141 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A data-centric approach to detecting and mitigating demographic bias in pediatric mental health text
Ive, J., Bondaronek, P., Yadav, V., Santel, D., Glauser, T. A., Strawn, J. R., Agasthya, G. A., Tschida, J., Choo, S., Chandrashekar, M., et al. (2026) · Communications Medicine · doi:10.1038/s43856-026-01480-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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Separation Anxiety Disorder in Children and Adolescents
Caporino, N. E., Wong, J. X., & Cannon, A. O. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-14080-8_17 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Anxiety Disorders in Youth: Separation Anxiety, Social Anxiety, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder
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Forrester-Fronstin, Z., Barrett, A., Mondschein, A. S., Johnson, J. M., Cordes, C. N., Lawton‐Stone, T. S., Schatz, K. C., & Paul, M. J. (2024) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105674 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bredekamp, J., & Theron, L. C. (2025) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12586 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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“This finding challenges the traditional region-or pathway-centric view of pediatric anxiety (4), highlighting instead the intricate and interconnected nature of brain organization during threat processing.”
VAIKŲ IR PAAUGLIŲ NERIMO SUTRIKIMAI ŠEIMOS GYDYTOJO PRAKTIKOJE
Tarasevičiūtė, K., & Poškutė, G. (2021) · Health Sciences · doi:10.35988/sm-hs.2021.155
“Remiantis dešimties metų studijomis, vaikams ir paaugliams pritaikyta kognity - vinė elgesio terapija yra efektyvi nerimo sutrikimų gydymo nemedikamentinė priemonė [15].”
BackgroundInfluentialPutting it all Together: Adapting to Youths’ Strengths and Weaknesses
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Self-citation(2021) · Dunod eBooks · doi:10.3917/dunod.denis.2021.01.0235
Why Do Some Children Become Very Anxious?
Bernstein, R., Galbraith, J., Lakhlani, D., Morales, I., Buzzell, G. A., Debnath, R., Leibenluft, E., Pine, D. S., Fox, N. A., & Harrewijn, A. (2022) · Frontiers for Young Minds · doi:10.3389/frym.2022.691084
Bruin, W. B., Zhutovsky, P., van Wingen, G. A., Bas‐Hoogendam, J. M., Groenewold, N. A., Hilbert, K., Winkler, A. M., Zugman, A., Agosta, F., Åhs, F., et al. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/exrm9
- Authors
- Strawn, J. R., Lu, L., Peris, T. S., Levine, A., & Walkup, J. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Cincinnati (US)
- West China Medical Center of Sichuan University (CN)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- Lurie Children's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Strawn, Jeffrey R.
- Venue
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-06-05
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 114-139
- ISSN
- 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7610
- PMC
- PMC7718323
- OpenAlex
- W3034047654
- Cited by
- 168
- References
- 195
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 1.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD098757)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- childhood anxiety disorders, prevalence, risk factors, neurobiology, default mode network, salience network, cognitive behavioral therapy, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, treatment response, inhibited temperament, environmental stress
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Humans, Serotonin, Temperament, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
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