The effects of police performance on agency trustworthiness and citizen participation
Abstract
We examine the effect of performance information on citizens’ willingness to engage with government. We hypothesize that when performance information is positive, citizens perceive government as trustworthy, which increases proclivity for participation. To validate this framework, we conduct an experiment that tests the effect of police performance on citizens’ perceptions of police trustworthiness and intentions to participate in a neighbourhood watch programme. We find that information about police performance strongly affects perceptions of police trustworthiness. Yet, citizen decisions to participate in the community watch programme are more complex and can be triggered by either positive or negative police performance.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Public views of criminal justice actors reciprocally shape and are shaped by institutional behavior.
“This approach builds on research showing that public views of criminal justice actors reciprocally shape and are shaped by institutional behavior (20–24).”
From Does civilian oversight impact police legitimacy? (2025) · cites this paper as [21]
Cites
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1173 · Cited by 91,542 · see citing works
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 · Cited by 91,532 · see citing works
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/bf03193146 · Cited by 65,971 · see citing works
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/brm.40.3.879 · Cited by 34,117 · see citing works
An integrative model of organizational trust
Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/258792 · Cited by 10,736 · see citing works
Not So Different After All: A Cross-Discipline View Of Trust
Rousseau, D. M., Sitkin, S. B., Burt, R. S., & Camerer, C. (1998) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1998.926617 · Cited by 10,274 · see citing works
Amazon's Mechanical Turk: A New Source of Inexpensive, Yet High-Quality, Data?
Buhrmester, M., Kwang, T., & Gosling, S. D. (2011) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691610393980 · Cited by 9,996 · see citing works
Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical Mediation Analysis in the New Millennium
Hayes, A. F. (2009) · Communication Monographs · doi:10.1080/03637750903310360 · Cited by 9,757 · see citing works
Developing and validating trust measures for e-commerce: an integrative typology
McKnight, D. H., Choudhury, V., & Kacmar, C. (2002) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.13.3.334.81 · Cited by 5,550 · see citing works
Equivalence of the Mediation, Confounding and Suppression Effect
MacKinnon, D. P., Krull, J. L., & Lockwood, C. M. (2000) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1023/a:1026595011371 · Cited by 4,188 · see citing works
A general approach to causal mediation analysis.
Imai, K., Keele, L., & Tingley, D. (2010) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/a0020761 · Cited by 4,143 · see citing works
Evaluating Online Labor Markets for Experimental Research: Amazon.com's Mechanical Turk
Berinsky, A. J., Huber, G. A., & Lenz, G. S. (2012) · Political Analysis · doi:10.1093/pan/mpr057 · Cited by 4,008 · see citing works
Instructional manipulation checks: Detecting satisficing to increase statistical power
Oppenheimer, D. M., Meyvis, T., & Davidenko, N. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2009.03.009 · Cited by 3,493 · see citing works
Statistical mediation analysis with a multicategorical independent variable
Hayes, A. F., & Preacher, K. J. (2014) · British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bmsp.12028 · Cited by 3,403 · see citing works
Varieties of Participation in Complex Governance
Fung, A. (2006) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6210.2006.00667.x · Cited by 2,464 · see citing works
Causal Inference Using Potential Outcomes: Design, Modeling, Decisions
Rubin, D. B. (2005) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1198/016214504000001880 · Cited by 2,173 · see citing works
Beyond Engagement and Participation: User and Community Coproduction of Public Services
Bovaird, T. (2007) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6210.2007.00773.x · Cited by 2,061 · see citing works
IMAI, K., KEELE, L., TINGLEY, D., & YAMAMOTO, T. (2011) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055411000414 · Cited by 1,537 · see citing works
The Online Laboratory: Conducting Experiments in a Real Labor Market∗Preprint
Zeckhauser, R. J. (2016) · Cited by 1,454 · see citing works
What Do We Mean By “Civic Engagement”?
Adler, R. P., & Goggin, J. (2005) · Journal of Transformative Education · doi:10.1177/1541344605276792 · Cited by 911 · see citing works
Conceptual issues concerning mediation, interventions and composition
VanderWeele, T. J., & Vansteelandt, S. (2009) · Statistics and Its Interface · doi:10.4310/sii.2009.v2.n4.a7 · Cited by 731 · see citing works
Brandsen, T., & Honingh, M. E. (2015) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/puar.12465 · Cited by 654 · see citing works
Christensen, T., & Lægreid, P. (2014) · Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA) (University of Bergen) · doi:10.1080/15309576.2005.11051848 · Cited by 636 · see citing works
Social Capital and the Dynamics of Trust in Government
Keele, L. J. (2007) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00248.x · Cited by 587 · see citing works
Bradford, B. (2012) · Policing & Society · doi:10.1080/10439463.2012.724068 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Experimental Designs for Identifying Causal Mechanisms
Imai, K., Tingley, D., & Yamamoto, T. (2013) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A: Statistics in Society · doi:10.1111/j.1467-985x.2012.01032.x · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Repairing and Enhancing Trust: <i>Approaches to Reducing Organizational Trust Deficits</i>
Kramer, R. M., & Lewicki, R. J. (2010) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.1080/19416520.2010.487403 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Linking transparency, knowledge and citizen trust in government: an experiment
Grimmelikhuijsen, S. (2012) · International Review of Administrative Sciences · doi:10.1177/0020852311429667 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
The Causal Mediation Formula—A Guide to the Assessment of Pathways and Mechanisms
Pearl, J. (2012) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-011-0270-1 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Imai, K., & Yamamoto, T. (2013) · Political Analysis · doi:10.1093/pan/mps040 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
What is Trust and Confidence in the Police?
Jackson, J., & Bradford, B. (2010) · Policing A Journal of Policy and Practice · doi:10.1093/police/paq020 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Unconscious Bias in Citizens’ Evaluations of Public Sector Performance
Marvel, J. D. (2015) · Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory · doi:10.1093/jopart/muu053 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Normative and Instrumental Perspectives on Public Participation
Moynihan, D. P. (2003) · The American Review of Public Administration · doi:10.1177/0275074003251379 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Repairing and Enhancing Trust: Approaches to Reducing Organizational Trust Deficits
Kramer, R. M., & Lewicki, R. J. (2010) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/19416520.2010.487403 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Pieces of a Puzzle: Linking Government Performance, Citizen Satisfaction, and Trust
Ryzin, G. G. V. (2007) · Public Performance & Management Review · doi:10.2753/pmr1530-9576300403 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Vigoda‐Gadot, E. (2006) · Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory · doi:10.1093/jopart/muj018 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
James, O. (2010) · Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory · doi:10.1093/jopart/muq057 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
The Age of Direct Citizen Participation
Roberts, N. C. (2015) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315700427 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Citizen (Dis)satisfaction: An Experimental Equivalence Framing Study
Olsen, A. L. (2015) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/puar.12337 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Does Crime Affect Economic Growth?
Detotto, C., & Otranto, E. (2010) · Kyklos · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6435.2010.00477.x · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Linking Objective and Subjective Measures of Performance
Parks, R. B. (1984) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.2307/975862 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
One Vote Out of Step? The Effects of Salient Roll Call Votes in the 2010 Election
Nyhan, B. J., McGhee, E. M., Sides, J. M., Masket, S. E., & Greene, S. (2012) · American Politics Research · doi:10.1177/1532673x11433768 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Trusting What You Know: Information, Knowledge, and Confidence in Social Security
Cook, F. L., Jacobs, L. R., & Kim, D. (2010) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1017/s0022381610000034 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
To Acquiesce or Rebel: Predicting Citizen Compliance with Police Requests
Mccluskey, J. D., Mastrofski, S. D., & Parks, R. B. (1999) · Police Quarterly · doi:10.1177/109861119900200401 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Public Participation and Organizational Performance: Evidence from State Agencies
Neshkova, M. I., & Guo, H. (2011) · Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory · doi:10.1093/jopart/mur038 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Interpreting performance information: Motivated reasoning or unbiased comprehension.
Baekgaard, M., & Serritzlew, S. (2016) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/puar.12406 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
James, O., & John, P. (2006) · Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory · doi:10.1093/jopart/mul020 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Police–Community Relations in a Majority-Black City
Weitzer, R., Tuch, S. A., & Skogan, W. G. (2008) · Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0022427808322617 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Police effectiveness and police trustworthiness in Ghana: An empirical appraisal
Tankebe, J. (2008) · Criminology & Criminal Justice · doi:10.1177/1748895808088994 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Lowry, D. T., Nio, T. C. J., & Leitner, D. W. (2003) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2003.tb03005.x · Cited by 158 · see citing works
The “true” indirect effect won't (always) stand up: When and why reverse mediation testing fails
Lemmer, G., & Gollwitzer, M. (2017) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2016.05.002 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Myhill, A., & Bradford, B. (2011) · Policing & Society · doi:10.1080/10439463.2011.641551 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
IDENTIFYING MECHANISMS BEHIND POLICY INTERVENTIONS VIA CAUSAL MEDIATION ANALYSIS
Keele, L. J., Tingley, D. H., & Yamamoto, T. (2015) · Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · doi:10.1002/pam.21853 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Kampen, J. K., de Walle, S. V., & Bouckaert, G. (2006) · Public Performance & Management Review · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Does neighborhood watch reduce crime? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Bennett, T. H., Holloway, K. R., & Farrington, D. P. (2006) · Journal of Experimental Criminology · doi:10.1007/s11292-006-9018-5 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Hohl, K., Bradford, B., & Stanko, E. A. (2010) · The British Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1093/bjc/azq005 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Ho, A. T., & Cho, W. (2016) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/puar.12563 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Police corporate communications, crime reporting and the shaping of policing news
Mawby, R. C. (2010) · Policing & Society · doi:10.1080/10439461003611526 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Benchmarks and Citizen Judgments of Local Government Performance: Findings from a survey experiment
Charbonneau, É., & Ryzin, G. G. V. (2013) · Public Management Review · doi:10.1080/14719037.2013.798027 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Braga, A. A., Winship, C., Tyler, T. R., Fagan, J. A., & Meares, T. L. (2014) · Journal of Quantitative Criminology · doi:10.1007/s10940-014-9216-7 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Can Transparency Foster More Understanding and Compliant Citizens?
Porumbescu, G. A., Lindeman, M. I. H., Ceka, E., & Cucciniello, M. (2017) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/puar.12790 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Immigration and Civic Participation in a Multiracial and Multiethnic Context
Stoll, M. A., & Wong, J. S. (2007) · International Migration Review · doi:10.1111/j.1747-7379.2007.00104.x · Cited by 65 · see citing works
The Generalized Randomized Block Design
Addelman, S. (1969) · The American Statistician · doi:10.1080/00031305.1969.10481868 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Porumbescu, G. A. (2016) · Public Management Review · doi:10.1080/14719037.2015.1122827 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Goodsell, C. T. (2015) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781483395739 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Engagement, Empowerment and Transparency: Publishing Crime Statistics using Online Crime Mapping1
Chainey, S., & Tompson, L. (2012) · Policing A Journal of Policy and Practice · doi:10.1093/police/pas006 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Challenges of policing democracies: a world perspective
(2001) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.39-1007 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Challenges of policing democracies: a world perspective
Das, D. K. (1997) · Policing An International Journal · doi:10.1108/13639519710192850 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Bækgaard, M. (2015) · International Public Management Journal · doi:10.1080/10967494.2015.1022676 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Schwartz, E. (2006) · National Civic Review · doi:10.1002/(issn)1542-7811 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Citizen Involvement in Coproducing Safety and Security in the Community
Percy, S. L. (1987) · Public Productivity Review · doi:10.2307/3380252 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Severcan, Y. C. (2014) · International Planning Studies · doi:10.1080/13563475.2014.985195 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Participation in the Community Social Control, the Neighborhood Watch Groups
Kang, J. H. (2011) · Crime & Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0011128711398024 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Kelly, J. M. (2002) · National Civic Review · doi:10.1002/ncr.91307 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Transparency and Local Government Websites
Piotrowski, S. J., & Borry, E. L. (2009) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-60566-282-4.ch020 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Reply to commentary by Imai, Keele, Tingley, and Yamamoto concerning causal mediation analysis.
Pearl, J. (2014) · Psychological methods · doi:10.1037/met0000022 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Ferguson's Long Term Impact on Public Views about Police
Kochel, T. R. (2015) · OpenSIUC (Southern Illinois University Carbondale) · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
10 of the 87 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Alosani, M. S., Yusoff, R. Z., & Al-Dhaafri, H. S. (2020) · Innovation & Management Review · doi:10.1108/inmr-06-2018-0039 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Bureaucrat or artificial intelligence: people’s preferences and perceptions of government service
Gaozhao, D., Wright, J. E., & Gainey, M. K. (2023) · Public Management Review · doi:10.1080/14719037.2022.2160488 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Schiff, K. J., Schiff, D. S., Adams, I. T., McCrain, J., & Mourtgos, S. M. (2023) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/puar.13754 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Alon‐Barkat, S. (2019) · Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory · doi:10.1093/jopart/muz013 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Hong, S. (2020) · Public Management Review · doi:10.1080/14719037.2020.1743346 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
What drives the perceived legitimacy of collaborative governance? An experimental study
Lee, S., & Esteve, M. (2023) · Public Management Review · doi:10.1080/14719037.2022.2026692 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Why Citizens Engage in Co-Production: A Theoretical Framework and Experimental Evidence
Lee, S., & Na, C. (2023) · Public Performance & Management Review · doi:10.1080/15309576.2023.2288054 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Can Technology Work for Policing? Citizen Perceptions of Police-Body Worn Cameras
Wright, J. E., & Headley, A. M. (2021) · The American Review of Public Administration · doi:10.1177/0275074020945632 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
The power of protest on policing: Black Lives Matter protest and civilian evaluation of the police
Wright, J. E., Gaozhao, D., Dukes, K., & Templeton, D. P. (2022) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/puar.13498 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Cho, W., & Ho, A. T. (2018) · International journal of law, crime and justice · doi:10.1016/j.ijlcj.2018.08.002 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Transparency in public administrations: a structured literature review
Cuadrado‐Ballesteros, B., Ríos, A. M., & Guillamón, M. (2023) · Journal of Public Budgeting Accounting & Financial Management · doi:10.1108/jpbafm-10-2022-0158 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Holliday, B. S., & Wagstaff, J. H. (2021) · American Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1007/s12103-021-09610-3 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Public perceptions of cross-sector collaboration and sector bias: evidence from a survey experiment
Lee, S., & Kim, M. (2023) · Public Management Review · doi:10.1080/14719037.2023.2273316 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Does Organizational Performance Increase with Innovation and Strategic Planning?
Osintsev, N., & Khalilian, B. (2023) · Journal of Operational and Strategic Analytics · doi:10.56578/josa010104 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Na, C., Lee, S., & Kang, I. (2023) · Policing A Journal of Policy and Practice · doi:10.1093/police/paad025 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The Effect of Administrative Burden Perception on Citizen Participation: A Barrier or a Spur?
Zhu, J., Han, Y., & Chen, Z. (2024) · Public Performance & Management Review · doi:10.1080/15309576.2024.2354304 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Does public sector performance information impact stakeholders? Evidence from a meta‐analysis
Meng, X., & Li, C. (2025) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/puar.13924 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Tantardini, M., Kim, Y., & Julnes, P. D. L. (2020) · Public Performance & Management Review · doi:10.1080/15309576.2020.1806085 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The uninformed budge yet the misinformed buck: performance information and citizen satisfaction
Li, Z. (2024) · Public Management Review · doi:10.1080/14719037.2024.2349129 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Employability and training: public attitudes, the labour market and vocational training policies
Mizrahi, S., & Krup, D. N. (2022) · Journal of Vocational Education and Training · doi:10.1080/13636820.2022.2078401 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Crowdsourced data in public administration research: A review and look to the future
Stritch, J. M., Pedersen, M. J., & Pezo, I. (2024) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/puar.13823 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Public participation and distributional equity of government spending
Neshkova, M. I., & Chen, C. (2024) · Public Management Review · doi:10.1080/14719037.2024.2429015 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Jiang, G., Yang, W., & Zhang, N. (2022) · Journal of Information Science · doi:10.1177/01655515221128422 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Zhang, F., Liu, B., & Zhang, J. (2025) · Journal of Chinese Governance · doi:10.1080/23812346.2025.2552509 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Nieuwenhuizen, E., Trehan, V., & Porumbescu, G. A. (2025) · Public Administration · doi:10.1111/padm.70034 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Lai, C., & Marques, J. A. L. (2022) · International Conference on E-business, Management and Economics (ICEME) · doi:10.1145/3556089.3556110 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Brunner, E. J., Kim, Y., Robbins, M. D., & Simonsen, B. (2024) · Public Budgeting & Finance · doi:10.1111/pbaf.12362 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Na, C., & Lee, B. H. (2022) · Journal of Asian and African Studies · doi:10.1177/00219096221137689 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Mussa, M. A. (2019) · The Open University of Tanzania Repository (The Open University of Tanzania) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Kim, J., Shim, J., & Park, J. H. (2021) · Journal of Asian Public Policy · doi:10.1080/17516234.2021.1996868 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Does civilian oversight impact police legitimacy?
Schiff, K. J., Schiff, D. S., Moy, B. J., McCrain, J., Mourtgos, S. M., & Adams, I. T. (2025) · PNAS Nexus · doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf267 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The blame-avoiding effect of sanction-based accountability and its boundary conditions
Li, J., Cui, M., Yang, Z., & Zheng, J. (2025) · Public Management Review · doi:10.1080/14719037.2025.2550682 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Li, W., Lee, H., Liu, Y., Tang, T., & Zheng, G. (2024) · Public Management Review · doi:10.1080/14719037.2024.2399147 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The role of target populations in resident support for local collaboration
Kalesnikaite, V., Neshkova, M. I., & Porumbescu, G. A. (2024) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/puar.13881 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Zhang, P., & Wu, J. (2025) · Journal of Asian Public Policy · doi:10.1080/17516234.2025.2577179 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Arujunan, K., Ismail, I. A., Othman, S., & Arshad, M. M. (2021) · International Journal of Human Resource Studies · doi:10.5296/ijhrs.v11i4s.19236 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Public Image and Job Performance of Police Personnel as Mediated by Perception of Neighborhood Crime
Alamban, A. A., Nabe, N. C., & Sumuob, R. J. (2022) · Social Sciences · doi:10.11648/j.ss.20221105.13 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Inovação aberta no setor público em Minas Gerais: trajetória, desafios e possibilidades
de Freitas, R. K. V., & Heber, F. (2019) · Desenvolvimento em Questão · doi:10.21527/2237-6453.2019.48.84-102
Aden, K., & Dirir, S. A. (2023) · Journal of Government and Civil Society · doi:10.31000/jgcs.v7i2.7794
Lang, S., Bian, Q., & Ben, M. (2026) · Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management · doi:10.1111/1468-5973.70111
Na, C., Kang, I., Lee, S., & Chae, S. (2026) · Crime Law and Social Change · doi:10.1007/s10611-026-10272-7
Moravcová, H. (2026) · Journal of Information Communication and Ethics in Society · doi:10.1108/jices-10-2025-0280
Cho, Y., Wright, J. E., & Porumbescu, G. A. (2026) · Public Management Review · doi:10.1080/14719037.2026.2692614
Qian, C., Yao-hui, L. I. U., Lei, W. A. N. G., & Hong-yan, L. I. U. (2026) · 自然资源学报 · doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20261007
Li, Y., Dawkins, M., & Luo, F. (2026) · Policing An International Journal · doi:10.1108/pijpsm-04-2026-0135
- Authors
- Porumbescu, G. A., Neshkova, M. I., & Huntoon, M.
- Affiliations
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Florida International University (US)
- Northern Illinois University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Porumbescu, Gregory A.
- Venue
- Public Management Review
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2018-05-23
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 212-237
- ISSN
- 1461-667X (ISSN-L)
- 1471-9037
- 1471-9045
- OpenAlex
- W2803770012
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 11.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Public Management Review (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2017S1A3A2065838)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Policing Practices and Perceptions
- Social Sciences › Public Administration › Public Policy and Administration Research
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Capital and Networks
- Keywords
- police performance, citizen participation, performance information, neighborhood watch, community policing, public trust in government
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
