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Cited by 22Digital Marketing and Social MediaComplex Network Analysis TechniquesSocial Media and Politics

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Public referral, viral campaign and celebrity participation: a social network analysis of the ice bucket challenge on YouTube

Kwon, K. Hazel·2019·Journal of Interactive Advertising
DOI 10.1080/15252019.2018.1561342
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Abstract

Public referral is a viral campaign strategy that takes advantage of the existence of networked culture in social media. The 2014 Ice Bucket Challenge is an exemplary instance of a public referral–based campaign, the success of which can be partly attributed to the voluntary engagement of celebrity communities. This study views celebrities as social actors and explores the ways in which celebrities’ public referral networks grew during the Ice Bucket Challenge. Findings suggest that celebrities engaged in the campaign based on restrictive social networking rules. Also, the referral network grew through homophily, wherein sociodemographic similarities played an important role in celebrities’ referral decision making. This article contends that understanding whom people select to pass along the campaign message should be as important as understanding why people share the message.

Overview

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Crossref · 10.1080/15252019.2018.1561342

Cites

58 of 58 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • The Ice Bucket Challenge rapidly gained global traction as a viral social media phenomenon, transforming the traditional perception of challenges.

    “The Ice Bucket Challenge rapidly gained global traction as a viral social media phenomenon, transforming the traditional perception of challenges.”

    From Social media challenges as an intersection between Internet memes and traditional challenges: a conceptual analysis (2026) · cites this paper as Kwon, 2019

  • While challenges were previously understood as individual or localized activities, the Ice Bucket Challenge demonstrated how they could evolve into large-scale movements, uniting diverse demographics around a shared purpose.

    “While challenges were previously understood as individual or localized activities, this event demonstrated how they could evolve into large-scale movements, uniting diverse demographics around a shared purpose (Brown et al., 2017;Kwon, 2019;Jang et al., 2016;Ni et al., 2014).”

    From Social media challenges as an intersection between Internet memes and traditional challenges: a conceptual analysis (2026) · cites this paper as Kwon, 2019

  • The call to action sets social media challenges apart from conventional Internet memes, as they not only encourage sharing but also actively prompt users to contribute through performance or creative expression, often reinforced by social media platform affordances that promote participation.

    “This defining feature sets them apart from conventional Internet memes, as they not only encourage sharing but also actively prompt users to contribute through performance or creative expression, often reinforced by the affordances of social media platforms that promote participation (Burgess et al., 2018;Kwon, 2019).”

    From Social media challenges as an intersection between Internet memes and traditional challenges: a conceptual analysis (2026) · cites this paper as Kwon, 2019

Citations

Cites

1 retracted

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Ripley, Ruth M., Tom A.B. Snijders, Zsofia Boda, András Vörös, and Paulina Preciado (2015), Manual for RSIENA, Oxford, United Kingdom: University of Oxford Department of Statistics.
  2. Schradie, Jen (2014), “Celebrities Join in ALS Ice Bucket Challenge to Fight Disease,” interview with The National, August 20, http://www.thenational.ae/arts-lifestyle/celebritie/celebrities-join-in-als-ice-bucket-challenge-to-fight-disease.

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Metadata

Authors
Kwon, K. H.
Affiliations
Arizona State University (US)
Corresponding author
Kwon, K. Hazel
ORCID
Kwon, K. Hazel
Venue
Journal of Interactive Advertising
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2019-02-22
Volume
19
Issue
2
Pages
87-99
ISSN
1525-2019 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1080/15252019.2018.1561342
OpenAlex
W2908272060
Cited by
22
References
58
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1
FWCI
2.84
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Journal of Interactive Advertising (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Digital Marketing and Social Media
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Complex Network Analysis Techniques
  • Social Sciences › Communication › Social Media and Politics
Keywords
Ice Bucket Challenge, viral campaigns, celebrity participation, homophily, referral networks, networked culture, YouTube

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