Parity Arguments for ‘Physician Aid-in-Dying’ (PAD) for Psychiatric Disorders: Their Structure and Limits
Open accessAbstract
Kious and Battin (K&B) argue that psychiatric PAD (PPAD) should be legal in the US, based on a ‘parity’ argument (Kious and Battin 2019). This is the most popular approach to argue for PPAD (Cholbi...
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Conscientious objectors can oppose MAiD-MD without ignoring the suffering at stake; assuming the opposite is a mistake.
“Conscientious objectors can oppose MAiD-MD without ignoring the suffering at stake: assuming the opposite is a mistake [74].”
From Medical assistance in dying for people living with mental disorders: a qualitative thematic review (2023) · cites this paper as [74]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Euthanasia, Ethics and Public Policy
Keown, J. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511495335 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
van Os, J., Gülöksüz, S., Vijn, T. W., Hafkenscheid, A., & Delespaul, P. (2019) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20609 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
From Many to One to Many—the Search for Causes of Psychiatric Illness
Kendler, K. S. (2019) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.1200 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Treatment-resistant major depressive disorder and assisted dying
Schuklenk, U., & Vathorst, S. V. D. (2015) · Journal of Medical Ethics · doi:10.1136/medethics-2014-102458 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Is There a Logical Slippery Slope from Voluntary to Nonvoluntary Euthanasia?
Jones, D. A. (2011) · Kennedy Institute of Ethics journal · doi:10.1353/ken.2011.0018 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Dworkin, R. M., Nagel, T., Nozick, R., Rawls, J., Scanlon, T., & Thomson, J. J. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315097176-64 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Should assisted dying for psychiatric disorders be legalized in Canada?
Kim, S. Y. H., & Lemmens, T. (2016) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.160365 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationKissane, D. W., & Kelly, B. J. (2000) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2000.00692.x · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Four Reasons Why Assisted Dying Should Not Be Offered for Depression
Blikshavn, T., Husum, T. L., & Magelssen, M. (2017) · Journal of Bioethical Inquiry · doi:10.1007/s11673-016-9759-4 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Dembo, J., Schuklenk, U., & Reggler, J. (2018) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743718766055 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
The controversial issue of euthanasia in patients with psychiatric illness
Olié, E., & Courtet, P. (2016) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.9883 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Physician Aid-in-Dying and Suicide Prevention in Psychiatry: A Moral Crisis?
Kious, B. M., & Battin, M. (. (2019) · The American Journal of Bioethics · doi:10.1080/15265161.2019.1653397 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Euthanasia: The role of the psychiatrist
Naudts, K., Ducatelle, C., Kovacs, J., Laurens, K., Van Den Eynde, F., & Van Heeringen, C. (2006) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.105.010256 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Euthanasia, assisted suicide and psychiatry: a Pandora's box
Kelly, B. D., & McLoughlin, D. M. (2002) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.181.4.278 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Physician-assisted suicide and psychiatric illness
Vandenberghe, J. (2018) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmp1714496 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
A qualitative study on existential suffering and assisted suicide in Switzerland
Gaignard, M., & Hurst, S. (2019) · BMC Medical Ethics · doi:10.1186/s12910-019-0367-9 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Rooney, W., Schuklenk, U., & van de Vathorst, S. (2018) · Health Care Analysis · doi:10.1007/s10728-017-0344-8 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Physician-assisted death for psychiatric patients: misguided public policy.
Miller, F. G., & Appelbaum, P. S. (2018) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmp1709024 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Physician‐Assisted Death and Severe, Treatment‐Resistant Depression
Steinbock, B. (2017) · Hastings Center Report · doi:10.1002/hast.768 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Broome, M. R., & de Cates, A. (2015) · Journal of Medical Ethics · doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-102812 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Euthanasia, Ethics and Public Policy
Keown, J. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/ccol0521009332 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Treatment-resistant depression and physician-assisted death
MIller, F. G. (2015) · Journal of Medical Ethics · doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-103060 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Medical Assistance in Dying and Mental Health: A Legal, Ethical, and Clinical Analysis
Simpson, A. I. F. (2018) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743717746662 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
On the Moral Acceptability of Physician‐Assisted Dying for Non‐Autonomous Psychiatric Patients
Varelius, J. (2015) · Bioethics · doi:10.1111/bioe.12182 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Physician-assisted suicide in psychiatry: developments in The Netherlands
Schoevers, R. A., Asmus, F. P., & Tilburg, W. V. (1998) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.49.11.1475 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
The terminal, the futile, and the psychiatrically disordered
Cholbi, M. J. (2013) · International Journal of Law and Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2013.06.011 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Physician‐assisted death in psychiatry
Appelbaum, P. S. (2018) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20548 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Defending the indefensible? Psychiatry, assisted suicide and human freedom
Parker, M. (2013) · International Journal of Law and Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2013.06.007 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Drawing the line on physician-assisted death
Jansen, L. A., Wall, S., & Miller, F. G. (2019) · Journal of Medical Ethics · doi:10.1136/medethics-2018-105003 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Lives Not Worth Living in Modern Euthanasia Regimes
Kim, S. Y. H. (2019) · Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1111/jppi.12300 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationEuthanasia in psychiatry can never be justified. A reply to Wijsbek
Cowley, C. (2013) · Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics · doi:10.1007/s11017-013-9252-6 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Why extra caution is needed in the case of depressed patients
den Hartogh, G. A. (2015) · Journal of Medical Ethics · doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-102814 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Addressing treatment futility and assisted suicide in psychiatry
Dembo, J. (2010) · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Invited commentary on … when unbearable suffering incites psychiatric patients to request euthanasia
Kelly, B. D. (2017) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.117.199695 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
An Ethical-Legal Analysis of Medical Assistance in Dying for Those with Mental Illness
Tanner, R. (2018) · Alberta Law Review · doi:10.29173/alr2500 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Social Determinants of Mental Health and Physician Aid-in-Dying: The Real Moral Crisis
Ho, A., & Norman, J. S. (2019) · The American Journal of Bioethics · doi:10.1080/15265161.2019.1654025 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Glaz, A. L., Berrouiguet, S., Kim-Dufor, D.-H., Walter, M., & Lemey, C. (2019) · The American Journal of Bioethics · doi:10.1080/15265161.2019.1654019 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Equal in the presence of death?
Sagan, A. (2015) · Journal of Medical Ethics · doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-102810 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Pearce, S. (2017) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.117.199687 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
L’accès à l’aide médicale à mourir pour les personnes souffrant de troubles mentaux
Provencher-Renaud, G., Larivée, S., & Sénéchal, C. (2019) · Annales Médico-psychologiques, revue psychiatrique · doi:10.1016/j.amp.2018.08.022 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Moralities of Method: Putting Normative Arguments in Their (Social and Cultural) Place
Vries, R. G. D. (2019) · The American Journal of Bioethics · doi:10.1080/15265161.2019.1653401 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The Wish to Die: Assisted Suicide and Mental Illness
Hirsch, J. (2016) · Journal of Social Work in End-of-Life & Palliative Care · doi:10.1080/15524256.2016.1200516 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The Unbearable Burden of Suffering: Moral Crisis or Structural Failure?
Campbell, C. S. (2019) · The American Journal of Bioethics · doi:10.1080/15265161.2019.1653399 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
van Veen, S. M. P., & van Delden, J. J. M. (2019) · The American Journal of Bioethics · doi:10.1080/15265161.2019.1654022 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Lemmens, T. (2019) · The American Journal of Bioethics · doi:10.1080/15265161.2019.1654026 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Deep Uncertainties in the Criteria for Physician Aid-in-Dying for Psychiatric Patients
Żuradzki, T., & Nowak, P. (2019) · The American Journal of Bioethics · doi:10.1080/15265161.2019.1654028 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Physician Aid-in-Dying and Suicide Prevention in Psychiatry: A Moral Imperative Over a Crisis
Calkins, B. C., & Swetz, K. M. (2019) · The American Journal of Bioethics · doi:10.1080/15265161.2019.1653398 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Bartlett, V. L., & Finder, S. G. (2019) · The American Journal of Bioethics · doi:10.1080/15265161.2019.1654029 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Why Normative Judgment Is Inescapable
den Hartogh, G. A. (2019) · The American Journal of Bioethics · doi:10.1080/15265161.2019.1653400 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Kious and Battin’s Dilemma Resolved: Outlaw Physician Aid-in-Dying
Foster, C. (2019) · The American Journal of Bioethics · doi:10.1080/15265161.2019.1654010 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 51 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Campbell, C. S. 2019. Moral crisis or ethics sideshow? American Journal of Bioethics 19(10): 46-47.
- jamapsychiatry · DOI
- Kim, S. Y. H. 2016. Capacity assessments as a safeguards for psychiatric patients requesting euthanasia. Journal of Ethics in Mental Health. Available at: https://jemh.ca/issues/v9/theme2. html
- Owen, G. 2016. Commentary on "Decision-Making capacity to consent to medical assistance in dying for persons with mental disorders. Journal of Ethics in Mental Health. Available at: https://jemh.ca/issues/v9/theme2.html
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Möller, H. (2020) · International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1080/13651501.2020.1797097 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
What Does True Equality in Assisted Dying Require?
Kim, S. Y. H. (2023) · The American Journal of Bioethics · doi:10.1080/15265161.2023.2244318 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationBerens, N., Wasserman, D., Wakim, P., Bernhard, T., & Kim, S. Y. H. (2022) · Journal of the Academy of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaclp.2021.12.010 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationCanadian Medical Assistance in Dying and the Hegemony of Privilege
Kim, S. Y. H. (2023) · The American Journal of Bioethics · doi:10.1080/15265161.2023.2264096 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationMedical assistance in dying for people living with mental disorders: a qualitative thematic review
Favron-Godbout, C., & Racine, E. (2023) · BMC Medical Ethics · doi:10.1186/s12910-023-00971-4 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Conscien-tious objectors can oppose MAiD-MD without ignoring the suffering at stake: assuming the opposite is a mistake [74].”
BackgroundCioffi, A., Bersani, G., & Rinaldi, R. (2020) · Medico-Legal Journal · doi:10.1177/0025817220923687 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Beihilfe zum Suizid oder ärztliche Sterbehilfe?
Spießl, H. (2020) · Psychiatrische Praxis · doi:10.1055/a-1274-1376 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide in Psychiatry: An Overview of the Field
Nicolini, M. (2025) · The International Library of Bioethics · doi:10.1007/978-94-024-2274-0_31 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationFavron‐Godbout, C., & Racine, É. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24432000
"The Case Against Legalizing Assisted Death for Psychiatric Disorders"Preprint
Kim, S. Y. H., & Lemmens, T. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7220698
Self-citationAutonomy as the sole justification for assisted death?
Kim, S. Y. H. (2026) · The New Bioethics · doi:10.1080/20502877.2026.2717798
Self-citation
- Authors
- Nicolini, M. E., Gastmans, C., & Kim, S. Y. H.
- Affiliations
- KU Leuven (BE)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, Scott Y. H.
- Venue
- The American Journal of Bioethics
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2019-09-26
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 3-7
- ISSN
- 1526-5161 (ISSN-L)
- 1536-0075
- OpenAlex
- W2977058973
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 3
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- lirias.kuleuven.be
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- The American Journal of Bioethics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ethics and bioethics in healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative and Oncologic Care
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
- Keywords
- physician-assisted death, mental illness, parity argument, euthanasia, assisted suicide
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Humans, Morals, Psychiatry, Suicide
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review