Cited by 242Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsPsychological Well-being and Life SatisfactionHealth, psychology, and well-being

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The forest and the trees: Examining the association of self-compassion and its positive and negative components with psychological functioning

Neff, Kristin D., Long, Phoebe, Knox, Marissa C., Davidson, Oliver, Kuchar, Ashley, Costigan, Andrew, Williamson, Zachary, Rohleder, Nicolas, Tóth-Király, István, Breines, Juliana G.·2018·Self and Identity

DOI 10.1080/15298868.2018.1436587

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Abstract

This paper presents two studies focusing on the link between psychological functioning and self-compassion as measured by the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), especially in terms of SCS components that represent increased compassionate and reduced uncompassionate behavior. Study One examined this association in seven domains – psychopathology, positive psychological health, emotional intelligence, self-concept, body image, motivation, and interpersonal functioning – and found that while reduced negative self-responding had a stronger link to negative emotionality and self-evaluation than positive self-responding, they were roughly equivalent predictors in other domains. Study Two examined the association of compassionate and reduced uncompassionate behavior with sympathetic nervous system and inflammatory activity after stress, and found they equally predicted salivary alpha amylase and interleukin-6 levels in individuals after a stressful situation. Overall, results suggest that both compassionate and reduced uncompassionate self-responding are central to self-compassion and that both help to explain its link to healthy psychological functioning.

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The Mechanisms Underlying the Relationship Between Self‐Compassion and Psychological Outcomes in Adult Populations: A Systematic Review.
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“Empirical findings indicate that higher levels of self‐compassion are significantly associated with greater authenticity (Chew and Ang 2023) and lower levels of contingent self‐worth (Neff et al. 2018) and self‐stigma (Hilbert et al. 2015).”
The Polish adaptation of the Self-Compassion Scale Short Form
Holas, P., Szewczuk, J., Rusanowska, M., Krejtz, I., Jankowski, T., & Nezlek, J. (2024) · Psychiatria Polska · doi:10.12740/pp/172115 · Cited by 14
“…między współczuciem dla siebie i cechą uważności oraz między współczuciem dla siebie a wskaźnikami zdrowia psychicznego i dobrostanu [28, 35, 36], przewidywaliśmy istotne korelacje między współczuciem do siebie (wynik całkowity) a cechą mindfulness (MAAS), skalą samooceny (SES), nasileniem…”
Insecure Attachment and Psychological Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration: Low Self-compassion and Compassionate Goals as Mediators
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Coping with Past Social Stress: Comparing Brief Self-Compassion, Cognitive Reappraisal and Control Writing Exercises
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Association between childhood trauma and social anxiety in adolescents: The mediating role of self-compassion and loneliness
Li, Y., Tang, H., Dong, W., Lu, G., & Chen, C. (2024) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107109 · Cited by 16
Latent profiles of multi-dimensionality of self-compassion predict youth psychological adjustment outcomes during the COVID-19: A longitudinal mixture regression analysis
Chi, X., Huang, L., Zhang, J., Wang, E., & Ren, Y. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03378-3 · Cited by 16
Trajectories of self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness during the COVID-19 pandemic: A person-oriented multi-trajectory approach
Wollast, R., Lacourse, É., Mageau, G. A., Pelletier-Dumas, M., Dorfman, A., Dupéré, V., Lina, J.-M., Stolle, D., & de la Sablonnière, R. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0292522 · Cited by 14
Mindful Mindset, Interconnectedness and Dignity
Mahalingam, R. (2019) · Youth and Globalization · doi:10.1163/25895745-00102003 · Cited by 17
Dispositional mindfulness and mental health among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 lockdown: The mediating role of self-compassion and the moderating role of gender
Zhang, D., & Shen, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1072548 · Cited by 18
Retrospective ACEs predict complex PTSD symptoms in a large sample of Chinese young adults longitudinally: the moderating role of self-compassion
Ren, Y., Yang, S., Peng, Y., Liu, A., & Zhu, Z. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-05830-z · Cited by 14
The effects of psychodrama groups on feelings of inferiority, flourishing, and self-compassion in research assistants
Tümlü, G. Ü., & Şimşek, B. K. (2021) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.aip.2021.101763 · Cited by 14
An Invitation to Act on the Value of Self-Care: Being a Whole Person in All That You Do
Fiebig, J. H., Gould, E. R., Ming, S., & Watson, R. A. (2020) · Behavior Analysis in Practice · doi:10.1007/s40617-020-00442-x · Cited by 13
Protection versus risk? The relative roles of compassionate and uncompassionate self-responding for eating disorder behaviors.
Biçaker, E., & Racine, S. (2021) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101592 · Cited by 12
Self-Compassion as a Moderator between Clinical Perfectionism and Psychological Distress
Adams, V., Howell, J., & Egan, S. J. (2023) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00050067.2022.2125281 · Cited by 12
When ‘negativity’ becomes obstructive: a novel exploration of the two-factor model of the Self-Compassion Scale and a comparison of self-compassion and self-criticism interventions
Mantzios, M., Koneva, A., & Egan, H. (2020) · Current Issues in Personality Psychology · doi:10.5114/cipp.2020.100791 · Cited by 12
“…in personality psychology six-factor model (Castilho, Pinto-Gouveia, & Duarte, 2015; Williams et al., 2014), the overall self-compassion score (Neff et al., 2018), and the two-factor model (Costa et al., 2015; Toth-Kiraly et al., 2017), the current study indicates that the use of…”
Background
Mental health self-stigma: links with social self-worth contingencies and ally support
Burwell, R. A., & Bias, S. (2024) · Cogent Mental Health · doi:10.1080/28324765.2024.2310039 · Cited by 14
When Self-Compassion Loses its Luster: Ratings of Self-Compassionate and Self-Critical Responding among Passionate Students
Schellenberg, B. J. I., Mosewich, A. D., Bailis, D. S., Gaudreau, P., & Verner‐Filion, J. (2019) · The Journal of Experimental Education · doi:10.1080/00220973.2019.1693946 · Cited by 12
Menopause and body image: the protective effect of self-compassion and mediating role of mental distress
Young, H., & Kotera, Y. (2022) · British Journal of Guidance and Counselling · doi:10.1080/03069885.2021.2009770 · Cited by 12

Authors: Neff, K. D., Long, P., Knox, M. C., Davidson, O., Kuchar, A., Costigan, A., Williamson, Z., Rohleder, N., Tóth-Király, I., & Breines, J. G.
Affiliations: The University of Texas at Austin (US)
Brandeis University (US)
Doctoral School of Psychology and Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
University of Rhode Island (US)
Corresponding author: Neff, Kristin D.
ORCID: Neff, Kristin D.
Long, Phoebe
Knox, Marissa C.
Kuchar, Ashley
Rohleder, Nicolas
Tóth-Király, István
Venue: Self and Identity
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2018-10-07
Volume: 17
Issue: 6
Pages: 627-645
ISSN: 1529-8868 (ISSN-L)
1529-8876
DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2018.1436587
OpenAlex: W2901159435
Cited by: 234
References: 56
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 3
FWCI: 21.91
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Self and Identity (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health, psychology, and well-being
Keywords: self-compassion, Self-Compassion Scale, psychological functioning, psychopathology, emotional intelligence, self-concept, body image, motivation, interpersonal functioning, stress, sympathetic nervous system, salivary amylase, interleukin-6, inflammation

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The forest and the trees: Examining the association of self-compassion and its positive and negative components with psychological functioning

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