Life Stress and the Accuracy of Cognitive Appraisals in Depressed Youth
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This study investigated the accuracy of depressed youths' appraisals of naturally occurring life events. Participants (49% girls; M age = 12.44 years) with clinical diagnoses of depression (n = 24), subsyndromal symptoms of depression (n = 29), and no symptoms of psychopathology (n = 36) completed semi-structured interviews of life stress. As predicted, depressed youth experienced more independent and self-generated interpersonal stress than did nonsymptomatic youth. Consistent with a cognitive bias, clinically depressed youth overestimated the stressfulness of events and overestimated their contribution to events relative to nonsymptomatic youth. Youth with subsyndromal symptoms demonstrated similar, although typically less severe, impairment than those with clinical depression. Results contribute to cognitive-interpersonal models of depression by illustrating the need to consider both realistic interpersonal difficulties and biased appraisals of experiences.
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Interpersonal stress, psychosocial adversity, and the emotional climate in the family have been related to adolescents' symptoms of disorders.
“Interpersonal stress (Carter & Garber, 2011; Krackow & Rudolph, 2008; Pine, Cohen, Johnson & Brooks, 2002), psychosocial adversity (Foster, Webster, Weissman et al., 2008), and the emotional climate in the family (Nomura et al., 2002) have been related to adolescents’ symptoms of disorders.”
From Prospective Relations between Family Conflict and Adolescent Maladjustment: Security in the Family System as a Mediating Process (2015) · cites this paper as Krackow & Rudolph, 2008
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- Authors
- Krackow, E., & Rudolph, K. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rudolph, Karen D.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2008-04-16
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 376-385
- ISSN
- 1537-4416 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-4424
- PMC
- PMC3154368
- OpenAlex
- W2031757842
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 7.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 59711, R01MH059711)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
- Keywords
- life events, cognitive appraisal, depression, youth, subthreshold depression, cognitive biases, interpersonal stress
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Attitude, Child, Culture, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Interview, Psychological, Life Change Events, Male, Personality Inventory, Self Concept
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