The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire—Reliability and Factor Structure: A Swedish Version
Abstract
Two studies were conducted to assess the Swedish version of the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), which was originally created by Baer et al. (2006). The aim of Study 1 was to examine the psychometric properties of the FFMQ using data from 495 individuals. Quantitative and qualitative analyses resulted in a reduction of the scale by 10 items. Psychometric properties, including internal consistency of the revised instrument, were examined. The Swedish FFMQ provides results comparable to those obtained by Baer. Cronbach's alphas were high for all the facets. The Swedish FFMQ appears to be a potentially useful tool in measuring mindfulness among Swedish participants. The aim of Study 2 was to test the suggested hierarchical five-factor solution and construct validity, using a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Similar to findings for the English version of the FFMQ, the CFA showed that the Observing facet was not a significant part of an overall self-reported mindfulness structure in a Swedish population with little meditation experience.
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In the citing paper
“The measures have been translated and back translated for previous studies [33, 36–38], except the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ) that was translated for this study by a group of researchers with long experience in acceptance-, mindfulness-, and value-based interventions.”
From Psychological inflexibility explains distress in parents whose children have chronic conditions (2018) · cites this paper as [38]
In the citing paper
“In addition, the Swedish version of the FFMQ has 10 less items and a different factor structure than the English version [40].”
From Self-Reported Trait Mindfulness and Affective Reactivity: A Motivational Approach Using Multiple Psychophysiological Measures (2015) · cites this paper as [40]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, various short forms of the FFMQ have been proposed [18], [20], [22], [26], indicating that its scale composition may need improvement.”
In the citing paper
“However, statistically, it may not be ruled out that age, or cohort effects, were fully or partially responsible for the observed associations of meditation practice and mindfulness [22].”
In the citing paper
“Previous research suggests increases of mindfulness with practice [2], [22], [25], [59], [60].”
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“For example, Lilja et al. (2011) excluded 10 items to increase the psychometric quality of their Swedish-translated FFMQ. Ramos et al. (2018) deleted 13 items from the Portuguese-translated FFMQ to form a more valid scale.”
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“This counters the argument the view that people who have no experience or have never heard of mindfulness or meditation are unable to reflect on how much mindfulness or mindlessness they perceive in their lives (Lilja et al., 2011).”
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İPEK, Z. H., & Sezgin, F. (2026) · Journal of Intelligence · doi:10.3390/jintelligence14090210
“Previous studies have nevertheless emphasized the importance of acceptance in distinguishing between different patterns of mindful functioning (Cebolla et al., 2012; Josefsson et al., 2011; Lilja et al., 2011, 2013).”
Marklund, S., & Eriksson, L. (2015) · Lund University Publications Student Papers (Lund University)
Metadata
- Authors
- Lilja, J. L., Frodi-Lundgren, A., Hanse, J. J., Josefsson, T., Lundh, L.-G., Sköld, C., Hansen, E., & Broberg, A. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Gothenburg (SE)
- Halmstad University (SE)
- Lund University (SE)
- Danderyds sjukhus (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Lilja, Josefine L.
- Venue
- Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2011-12
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 291-303
- ISSN
- 1650-6073 (ISSN-L)
- 1651-2316
- OpenAlex
- W2064472532
- Cited by
- 140
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 7.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Keywords
- mindfulness, Swedish translation, psychometric properties, factor structure, construct validity, internal consistency, meditation experience, cross-cultural adaptation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sex Factors, Sweden, Translating, Reproducibility of Results, Meditation
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