Meta-analysis of the effects of third-wave behavioural interventions on disordered eating and body image concerns: Implications for eating disorder prevention

Linardon, Jake; Gleeson, John; Yap, Keong; Murphy, Kylie; Brennan, Leah

doi:10.1080/16506073.2018.1517389

Cited by 134Eating Disorders and BehaviorsMindfulness and Compassion InterventionsNutrition, Health and Food Behavior

Meta-analysis of the effects of third-wave behavioural interventions on disordered eating and body image concerns: Implications for eating disorder prevention

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Linardon, Jake, Gleeson, John, Yap, Keong, Murphy, Kylie, Brennan, Leah·2019·Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

DOI 10.1080/16506073.2018.1517389

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Abstract

Third-wave behavioural interventions are increasingly popular for treating and preventing mental health conditions. Recently, researchers have begun testing whether these interventions can effectively targeting eating disorder risk factors (disordered eating, body image concerns). This meta-analysis examined whether third-wave behavioural interventions (acceptance and commitment therapy; dialectical behaviour therapy; mindfulness-based interventions; compassion-focused therapy) show potential for being effective eating disorder prevention programs, by testing their effects on eating disorder risk factors in samples without an eating disorder. Twenty-four studies (13 randomized trials) were included. Most studies delivered selective prevention programs (i.e. participants who reported elevated risk factor). Third-wave interventions led to significant pre-post (g = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.43, 0.75) and follow-up (g = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.38, 1.28) improvements in disordered eating, and significant pre-post improvements in body image (g = 0.35; 95% CI = 0.13, 0.56). DBT-based interventions were associated with the largest effects. Third-wave interventions were also significantly more efficacious than wait-lists (g = 0.39; 95% CI = 0.09, 0.69) in reducing disordered eating, but did not differ to other interventions (g = 0.25; 95% CI = -0.06, 0.57). Preliminary evidence suggests that third-wave interventions may have a beneficial effect in ameliorating eating disorder risk.

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“Owing to the short and simple style of conversations KIT was designed to deliver, we were highly selective in the therapeutic elements we chose from CBT (eg, education on cognitive distortions or unhelpful thinking styles), ACT (eg, practicing detaching from unhelpful thoughts via cognitive defusion exercises), and mi…”
Method
A systematic review and meta-analysis of dropout rates from dialectical behaviour therapy in randomized controlled trials
Dixon, L. J., & Linardon, J. (2020) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2019.1620324 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citation
Body image flexibility and its correlates: A meta-analysis
Linardon, J., Anderson, C., Messer, M., Rodgers, R. F., & Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz, M. (2021) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.02.005 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citation
Cognitive-behavioral roots of body image therapy and prevention
Lewis‐Smith, H., Diedrichs, P. C., & Halliwell, E. (2019) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.08.009 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Shame and binge eating pathology: A systematic review
O’Loghlen, E., Grant, S., & Galligan, R. F. (2021) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2615 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Project Body Neutrality: Piloting a digital single‐session intervention for adolescent body image and depression
Smith, A. C., Ahuvia, I. L., Ito, S., & Schleider, J. L. (2023) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23976 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Examining the factor structure, sex invariance, and psychometric properties of the Body Image Acceptance and Action Questionnaire and the Functionality Appreciation Scale
Linardon, J., Messer, M., Lisboa, J., Newton, A., & Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz, M. (2020) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.04.006 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citation
Self-compassion in weight management: A systematic review
Brenton-Peters, J., Consedine, N. S., Boggiss, A., Wallace-Boyd, K., Roy, R., & Serlachius, A. (2021) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110617 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-compassion as a moderator of the relationships between shape and weight overvaluation and eating disorder psychopathology, psychosocial impairment, and psychological distress
Linardon, J., Susanto, L., Tepper, H., & Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz, M. (2020) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.03.001 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citation
Psychosocial etiology of maladaptive exercise and its role in eating disorders: A systematic review
Gorrell, S., Flatt, R. E., Bulik, C. M., & Grange, D. L. (2021) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23524 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for eating disorders: A systematic review of intervention studies and call to action
Onnink, C. M., Konstantinidou, Y., Moskovich, A. A., Karekla, M., & Merwin, R. M. (2022) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.08.005 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Efficacy of ACT-based treatments for dysregulated eating behaviours: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Sante, J. D., Akeson, B., Gossack, A., & Knaüper, B. (2022) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2022.105929 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Bridging cognitive, phenomenological and psychodynamic approaches to eating disorders
Castellini, G., Cassioli, E., Rossi, E., Mancini, M., Ricca, V., & Stanghellini, G. (2022) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-022-01379-6 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“All these psychopathological dimensions seem to pertain to a core feature preceding the onset of behavioural symptoms [45], often persisting after treatments [46], and being associated with a worse prognosis [2, 47] and with a higher likelihood of relapse after remission [48].”
Background
The Impact of Anorexia Nervosa and the Basis for Non-Pharmacological Interventions
Clemente‐Suárez, V. J., Ramírez-Goercke, M. I., Redondo-Flórez, L., Beltrán-Velasco, A. I., Martín-Rodríguez, A., Ramos‐Campo, D. J., Navarro-Jiménez, E., Sepulveda, R. A. Y., & Tornero-Aguilera, J. F. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15112594 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“A systematic review by Linardon et al. (2019) showed that the identiﬁcation of these elements is essential for a correct multidisciplinary intervention [230].”
Background
Overview of Binge Eating Disorder
Davis, H. A., Graham, A. K., & Wildes, J. E. (2020) · Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports · doi:10.1007/s12170-020-00664-2 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating AcceptME—A Digital Gamified Acceptance and Commitment Early Intervention Program for Individuals at High Risk for Eating Disorders
Karekla, M., Nikolaou, P., & Merwin, R. M. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11071775 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-compassion explains substantially more variance in eating disorder psychopathology and associated impairment than mindfulness
Messer, M., Anderson, C., & Linardon, J. (2020) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.10.002 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effectiveness of cognitive-based interventions for improving body image of patients having breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Zhao, W., Chong, Y. Y., & Chien, W. T. (2023) · Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apjon.2023.100213 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Randomized Controlled Trials of Mindfulness and Acceptance-Based Interventions Over the Past Two Decades: A Bibliometric Analysis.
Ma, Y., Kraemer, K. M., Lyu, J., & Yeh, G. Y. (2021) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2020.0548 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-compassion mediates the relationship between COVID-19-related stress and body image disturbance: Evidence from the United Kingdom under lockdown
Swami, V., Todd, J., Robinson, C., & Furnham, A. F. (2021) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2021.111130 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“In addition, randomised controlled trials aimed at cultivating selfcompassion have produced significant reductions in body image concerns (see Linardon et al., 2018).”
Background
Mindfulness‐based interventions for body image dissatisfaction among clinical population: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Gopan, H., Rajkumar, E., Gopi, A., & Romate, J. (2023) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12710 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Incorporating positive body image in therapeutic practice: An overview of construct definitions, concepts and theoretical foundations
Longhurst, P. (2021) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.12494 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Mental Health Impacts of Self‐Help Interventions for the Treatment and Prevention of Eating Disorders. A Meta‐Analysis
Linardon, J., Jarman, H. K., Liu, C., Anderson, C., McClure, Z., & Messer, M. (2025) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.24405 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“While there is robust evidence showing that therapist-led CBT improves quality of life and functional impairment in eating disorders (Linardon and Brennan 2017; Linardon et al. 2019), whether these benefits generalize to self-help interventions remains unknown.”
InfluentialSelf-citation
How effective are psychosocial interventions at improving body image and reducing disordered eating in adult men? A systematic review
Hendricks, E., Jenkinson, E., Falconer, L., & Griffiths, C. (2023) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.08.004 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The Body Confident Mums challenge: a feasibility trial and qualitative evaluation of a body acceptance program delivered to mothers using Facebook
Wallis, K., Prichard, I. J., Hart, L., & Yager, Z. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11126-8 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Emotional Regulation in Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Treatment: A Systematic Review
Chrétien, S., Giroux, I., Smith, I., Jacques, C., Ferland, F., Sévigny, S., & Bouchard, S. (2025) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-024-10366-8 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Body Positivity and Self-Compassion on a Publicly Available Behavior Change Weight Management Program
McCallum, M., Ho, A. S., May, C. N., Behr, H., Mitchell, E. S., & Michealides, A. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182413358 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Mortality in Patients With Anorexia Nervosa
Lai, E. T. H., Lai, B.-X., Wong, C. S. M., Wong, L. Y., Cheng, K., Cheng, C. P.-W., Lo, H. K. Y., Tse, G., Chan, W. C., Chang, W. C., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1111/eat.70002 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Approaches that target underlying shared mechanisms, such as dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), which addresses emotion dysregulation, are promising candidates that warrant further investigation (Claudat et al. 2020; Linardon et al. 2019).”
Advances in Psychotherapy for Eating Disorders
Staples, C., Grunewald, W., Smith, A. R., & Rancourt, D. (2021) · Advances in Psychiatry and Behavioral Health · doi:10.1016/j.ypsc.2021.05.007 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Eating Disorders and Dietary Supplements: A Review of the Science
Hewlings, S. J. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15092076 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“These interventions led to modest improvements in eating disorder risk factors [51].”
Background
The Effectiveness of Body Image Flexibility Interventions in Youth: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Brichacek, A. L., Neill, J. T., Murray, K., Rieger, E., & Watsford, C. R. (2025) · Adolescent Research Review · doi:10.1007/s40894-024-00256-w · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“The reference lists of included studies along with the two most relevant reviews (Beccia et al., 2018; Linardon et al., 2019) were also checked for additional reports not identified by the initial search, although no further eligible studies were identified (see Fig.”
Influential
Exploring the international utility of progressing compassionate mind training in school settings: A comparison of implementation effectiveness of the same curricula in the UK and Portugal
Maratos, F. A., Matos, M., Albuquerque, I., Wood, W., Palmeira, L., Cunha, M. I. V. A., de Lima, M. P., & Gilbert, P. (2020) · Psychology of Education Review · doi:10.53841/bpsper.2020.44.2.73 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Exploring the Effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy Versus Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving in a Sample of Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder
Guillén, V., García‐Palacios, A., Miñana, S. B., Baños, R., Botella, C., & Marco, J. H. (2020) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi_2020_34_477 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Development of a Telephone-Delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Intervention for People Living with HIV who are Hazardous Drinkers
Woolf-King, S. E., Firkey, M., Foley, J. D., Bricker, J., Hahn, J. A., Asiago-Reddy, E., Wikier, J., Moskal, D., Sheinfil, A. Z., Ramos, J., et al. (2022) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-022-03649-x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Results showed that ACT was efficacious across a broad range of intervention targets, including depression, [23–30] anxiety, [24–26, 28–32] chronic pain, [27, 29, 33] substance use, [34–36] eating disorders [37], psychosis, [38] stress, [26, 30] somatic complaints, [34] physical conditions, [23] and transdiagnostic co…”
BackgroundMethod
A 12-month study of dialectical behavioral therapy for bοrderline patients suffering from eating disorders
Liakopoulou, E., Vassalou, G., Tzavara, C. K., & Gonidakis, F. (2023) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-023-01612-w · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Loneliness and Relationship Well-Being: Investigating the Mediating Roles of Relationship Awareness and Distraction among Romantic Partners
Sease, T. B., Sandoz, E. K., Yoke, L., Swets, J. A., & Cox, C. R. (2024) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs14060439 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“In practice, mindfulness is a purported mechanism of change among many third-wave psychotherapies, yielding moderate to large effect sizes in youth [53], older adults [54], people with depression and anxiety [55], disordered eating [56], and psychosis [57].”
Background
The impact of yoga on body image in adults: A systematic review of quantitative studies
Rupani, N., Miller, J. R., Renteria, J. A., & Kaliebe, K. (2024) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101772 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Reciprocal association between session-by-session change in overvaluation of shape and weight and session-by-session change in bulimia nervosa symptoms during cognitive behavior therapies
Srivastava, P., Felonis, C. R., Lin, M., Clarke, K., & Juarascio, A. S. (2022) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640266.2022.2114584 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Prevention of eating disorders: 2019 in review
Levine, M. P. (2020) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640266.2020.1719342 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Novel insights into patient’s thoughts about their body image in abdominal wall hernia
Smith, O., Mierzwinski, M. F., Oliver-Jenkins, V., MacLeod, T., Chitsabesan, P., & Chintapatla, S. (2023) · Hernia · doi:10.1007/s10029-023-02896-8 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Only two AWH specific HRQoL tools (the EuraHS-QoL and the AHQ) include body image within their item list, but this was based on expert surgical opinion and not informed by the patients themselves [1, 27].”
There is no such thing as a mindful binge: How mindfulness disrupts the pathway between anxiety and impulsivity on maladaptive eating behaviours
Wilson, D., Loxton, N. J., Joynt, T., & O’Donovan, A. (2020) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110393 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Positive Body Image Workbook
Wood-Barcalow, N. L., Tylka, T. L., & Judge, C. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108758796 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
A sport-specific ACT group intervention for promoting athletes’ mental well-being: a randomized controlled trial
Ronkainen, H., Lundgren, T., Kenttä, G., Ihalainen, J. K., Kalaja, S., Valtonen, M., & Lappalainen, R. I. (2025) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200.2025.2521267 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“…and related problems such as burnout (Hayes, 2019), anxiety and depression (A-Tjak et al., 2015; Fledderus et al., 2013), body dissatisfaction and disordered eating (Linardon et al., 2019; Weineland et al., 2012), perfectionistic traits (Ong et al., 2022), and injuries (Moesch et al., 2020).”
Micro-level de-coupling of negative affect and binge eating in relationship to macro-level outcomes in binge eating disorder treatment
Smith, K. E., Mason, T. B., Schaefer, L. M., Anderson, L. M., Hazzard, V. M., Crosby, R. D., Engel, S. G., Crow, S. J., Wonderlich, S. A., & Peterson, C. B. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720001804 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Profiles of body image concerns and their associations with disordered eating behaviors
Baker, S., Maïano, C., Houle, S. A., Nadon, L., Aimé, A., & Morin, A. J. S. (2023) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2023.107082 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Risk of developing eating disorders through the misperception of the body image and the adoption of bad eating habits in a sample of young volleyball athletes
Ramona, F., Guidotti, S., & Pruneti, C. A. (2021) · Archive of Food and Nutritional Science · doi:10.29328/journal.afns.1001027 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Therefore, these indings emphasizes the need to prevent these problems by acting on the prevention of ED promoting the education, the positive thinking and the information addressed to young athletes, their family and their instructors [7,19,23,29,44,45,54].”
BackgroundInfluential
A controlled trial assessing the acceptability and efficacy of a yoga-based eating disorder prevention program among division I athletes: Eat Breathe Thrive (EBT)
Cook-Cottone, C., Rovig, S., Cottone, M., Evelyn Estey, E. E., Guyker, W., & Roff, C. (2024) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640266.2024.2313296 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“…and mindfulness-based) that, separately, have been found to produce significant effects with athletes (Bar et al., 2016; Le et al., 2017; Linardon et al., 2019); (2) recommendations that future studies select programs expanding beyond targeting reduction in risk-factors and adopt…”
Background
Nonattachment to self mediates the relationship between Instagram engagement and orthorexia nervosa amongst Australian university students
Thayuman, J., Whitehead, R. E., Borthwick, C., Argent, T., & Williams, J. S. (2025) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2025.108230 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Body Dissatisfaction: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Boyle, S., Dorfan, N. M., & Sepehry, A. A. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.70021 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Assessing the Efficacy of the INTELLECT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Mobile App for Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Among At-Risk Japanese Employees: Randomized Controlled Trial
Yokomitsu, K., Oimatsu, R., Toh, S. H. Y., & Sündermann, O. (2025) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/60871 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Indeed, the previous study [20] found significantly larger effect sizes for self-help interventions involving CBT principles in improving anxiety and depression levels compared with no-treatment control groups.”
Effectiveness of acceptance commitment therapy for head and neck cancer patients with body image distress in China: a study protocol for randomised controlled trial
Xu, W., Xiang, L., Wang, S., Zhu, Y., Zheng, M., & Wan, H. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-085551 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“26 Recent studies have found that ACT-based group psychological interventions can significantly improve BID in post-operative breast cancer patients, 22 and are effective in enhancing psychological flexibility and reducing BID due to body image issues in patients with eating disorders.”
Examining a mediation model of body image-related cognitive fusion, intuitive eating, and eating disorder symptom severity in a clinical sample
Barney, J. L., Barrett, T. S., Lensegrav-Benson, T., Quakenbush, B., & Twohig, M. P. (2022) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-021-01352-9 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“To date, there is a small but growing body of evidence suggesting that ACT is effective in decreasing ED symptom severity and body image concerns [6, 50], and that among a sample of overweight/obese adults, led to significant improvements in the eating for physical rather than emotional reasons component of IE from pr…”
Background
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Hypersexuality: A Pilot Study
Montesinos, F., Ortega-Otero, M., Polín, E., & Lobato, D. (2024) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/0092623x.2024.2421188 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“…(Howell & Passmore, 2019) and in the treatment, among other disorders, of anxiety, depression, eating disorders, substance use and chronic pain (French et al., 2017; Gloster et al., 2020; Graham et al., 2016; Hughes et al., 2017; Ii et al., 2019; Linardon et al., 2019; Tonarelli et al., 2016).”
Experiencing eight psychotherapy approaches devoted to eating disorders in a single-day workshop increases insight and motivation to engage in care: a pilot study
Scanferla, E., Pachoud, B., Gorwood, P. A. P. M., The CMME Psychologists Group, Bruel‐Jungerman, E., Docteur, A., Drosdalski, C., Gauthier, E., Hollande, F., Justo, D., et al. (2022) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-022-01365-y · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Third wave interventions for adolescents with mental health disorders: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Sandery, P., Baranoff, J., & Dorstyn, D. (2024) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100841 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Proof-of-concept testing of a brief virtual ACT workshop for emotional eating
Sante, J. D., Frayn, M., Angelescu, A., & Knaüper, B. (2024) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2024.107386 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“There is increasing meta-analytic support for the effectiveness of ACT-based treatments for dysregulated eating behaviors like emotional and binge eating, and psychological flexibility (Di Sante, Akeson, Gossack, & Knauper, 2022; Linardon, Gleeson, Yap, Murphy, & Brennan, 2019).”
Background
Family Environment Hostility as the Missing Element Between School Bullying Victimization and Anorexia
Mikhaylova, O. R., & Бочавер, А. А. (2022) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2022.880994 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Dissemination of a dissonance-based body image promotion program in church settings: A preliminary controlled pilot study with adult women
Blomquist, K. K., Hirsch, K. E., Lomas, E., Montgomery, K., & Becker, C. B. (2021) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.12.006 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Legenbauer, T. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-67662-2_42 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Exploring the moderating roles of dispositional mindfulness and body image flexibility in the association between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in Chinese adolescents
Chen, G., Wang, X., Barnhart, W. R., Fu, Y., & He, J. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23706 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Early Detection of Psychosis in Eating Disorders: Unnecessary or a Useful Addition?
de Bont, P., Lang, B. S.-D., Maas, J., & Bodde, N. (2024) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.13630 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“The need to prevent both EDs and psychotic disorders has been emphasised (Fusar-Poli et al. 2020, 2021; Jin et al. 2020; Le et al. 2017; Linardon et al. 2019).”
The effectiveness of randomized controlled psychosocial interventions on body image among nonclinical women: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Zhao, Y.-F., Yin, M. X. C., Huang, M.-Y., & Chen, X.-Y. (2025) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101843 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Trait-level differences in constructs that underpin the contextual behaviour therapies between binge-eating disorder with and without overvaluation of weight and shape
Messer, M., & Linardon, J. (2021) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.08.004 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citation
Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese body shape questionnaire short form for assessing eating disorder symptoms among university students
Gao, Z., Zhao, J., Liu, X., Wang, H., Zhang, M., & Han, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1571144 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Optimizing a Digital Mindfulness‐Based Intervention to Reduce Risk Factors for Disordered Eating: A Multiphase Optimization Strategy ( MOST ) Feasibility Trial
Osborne, E. L., Ainsworth, B., Hooper, N., Chadwick, P., & Atkinson, M. J. (2025) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.24546 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mindful Eating: Self-Regulation Strategies for Dysregulated Eating
Siemers, N., Frayn, M., Preissner, C. E., Carrière, K., Sante, J. D., Beebe, A., Juneau, C., & Knaüper, B. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-91451-5_18 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Yoga as a therapeutic intervention for body image in the pediatric population: a systematic review
Bullard, N., Rupani, N., Renteria, J. A., Miller, J. R., & Kaliebe, K. (2025) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-025-01386-9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Studies with or without a comparison group were included to provide a comprehensive overview of yoga interventions on body image, consistent with methodologies in similar reviews [33].”
Beliefs of delusional intensity about body image or eating-related concerns in individuals with Feeding and Eating Disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Lavalle, R., Siddi, S., Rossi, A., Daga, G. A., & Preti, A. (2026) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.054 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Toward Integrated Treatment for Co‐Occurring Borderline Personality Disorder and Eating Disorders: A Clinician Perspective
Cunningham, C., Broadbear, J. H., Rajaram, J., Rao, S., Newton, R., & Galligan, R. F. (2025) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.24397 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is the most widely utilized treatment for BPD, targeting emotion regulation, distress tolerance, and suicidality (Linardon et al. 2018; Navarro-Haro et al. 2018).”
Emotional Eating and Body Misperception Among Dental Students From Romania–Implications for Targeted Interventions
Șerban, D. M., Banu, A., & Șerban, C. L. (2025) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.70451 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Developing a digital mindfulness-based intervention to improve body image and reduce risk factors for disordered eating: Integrating theory, evidence, and the person-based approach
Osborne, E. L., Ainsworth, B., Hooper, N., Chadwick, P., & Atkinson, M. J. (2025) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101925 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Mindfulness has gained attention as a promising approach for addressing disordered eating and body image concerns (Atkinson & Diedrichs, 2021; Beccia et al., 2018; Linardon, Gleeson, et al., 2019).”
Comparative characteristics of individual psychological characteristics of patients with eating disorders
Levchenko, D. (2023) · Scientific Bulletin of Mukachevo State University Series “Pedagogy and Psychology” · doi:10.52534/msu-pp4.2023.47 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie
Legenbauer, T. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-63544-5_42 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Prevention of Eating Disorders
Le, L. K., Tan, E. J., & Wilksch, S. M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-97416-9_52-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Addressing body dysmorphic disorder through mindfulness: A new therapeutic frontier.
He, I. R., Gaillard, A., & Rossell, S. (2025) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00048674251328557 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“…meeting diagnostic criteria for BDD (Callaghan et al., 2012), are strongly associated with eating and body image disturbances (Lillis et al., 2011; Linardon et al., 2019), and mediate the relationship between body image evaluation and appearance-fixing behaviours and experiential avoidance…”
“Like putting on an old pair of gloves” or “realising i am actually over it”: a qualitative study exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown restrictions on eating disorder recovery in the UK
Pegram, G., Craddock, N., & Lewis‐Smith, H. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-04353-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Suggestions on early psychosis: towards a new psychopathology?
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“…2011), anxiety and OCD spectrum disorders (Bluett et al., 2014), substance use disorders (Lee et al., 2015), mental health and well-being (Brown et al., 2016), psychosis (Tonarelli et al., 2016), disordered eating and body image concerns (Linardon et al., 2019), and burnout (Reeve et al., 2018).”
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“Future work can continue to focus on drivers of normative eating behavior and risk for disordered eating to further inform current models and preventive interventions (Linardon et al., 2019; Tanofsky-Kraff et al., 2020).”
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“Examples include: Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) [21, 32, 33], comprising acceptance-and mindfulness-based interventions [34–37]; Family therapy [38, 39]; Cognitive Remediation Therapy (CRT) [40, 41]; Motivational Interviewing [42]; Psychoeducation intervention [12, 43]; Psychodynamic approach…”
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The empirical status of the third-wave behaviour therapies for the treatment of eating disorders: A systematic review [accepted manuscript]
Linardon, J., Fairburn, C. G., Fitzsimmons‐Craft, E. E., Wilfley, D. E., & Brennan, L. (2017) · Research Bank (Australian Catholic University)
Self-citation
The empirical status of the third-wave behaviour therapies for the treatment of eating disorders: A systematic review
Linardon, J., Fairburn, C. G., Fitzsimmons‐Craft, E. E., Wilfley, D. E., & Brennan, L. (2017) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.10.005 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Self-citation
“Third wave” cognitive-behavioural therapy for eating disorders
Bartosiewicz, A., & Strzelecki, D. (2019) · Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna · doi:10.15557/pipk.2019.0020 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Third-wave interventions for eating disorders in adolescence – systematic review with meta-analysis
Buerger, A., Vloet, T. D., Haber, L., & Geissler, J. M. (2021) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-021-00158-6 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Mindfulness-based eating disorder prevention programs: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Beccia, A. L., Dunlap, C., Hanes, D. A., Courneene, B. J., & Zwickey, H. L. (2017) · Mental Health & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.mhp.2017.11.001 · Cited by 56 · see citing works

Authors: Linardon, J., Gleeson, J., Yap, K., Murphy, K., & Brennan, L.
Affiliations: Deakin University (AU)
Australian Catholic University (AU)
Centre for Eating, Weight and Body Image, Melbourne, Australia
Corresponding author: Linardon, Jake
ORCID: Linardon, Jake
Gleeson, John
Yap, Keong
Murphy, Kylie
Brennan, Leah
Venue: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2018-10-11
Volume: 48
Issue: 1
Pages: 15-38
ISSN: 1650-6073 (ISSN-L)
1651-2316
DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2018.1517389
OpenAlex: W2897259731
Cited by: 134
References: 72
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 4
FWCI: 2.36
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
figshare.com
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Keywords: eating disorder prevention, disordered eating, body image concern, acceptance and commitment therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, mindfulness-based interventions, compassion-focused therapy, eating disorder risk factors
MeSH terms: Feeding and Eating Disorders, Behavior Therapy, Body Image, Humans, Body Dysmorphic Disorders, Prodromal Symptoms

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Meta-analysis of the effects of third-wave behavioural interventions on disordered eating and body image concerns: Implications for eating disorder prevention

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