RETRACTED ARTICLE: Anatomy of a Woebot® (WB001): agent guided CBT for women with postpartum depression

Darcy, Alison; Beaudette, Aaron; Chiauzzi, Emil; Daniels, Jade; Goodwin, Kim; Mariano, Timothy Y.; Wicks, Paul; Robinson, Athena

doi:10.1080/17434440.2022.2075726

Cited by 40Digital Mental Health InterventionsMaternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumMobile Health and mHealth Applications

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Anatomy of a Woebot® (WB001): agent guided CBT for women with postpartum depression

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Darcy, Alison, Beaudette, Aaron, Chiauzzi, Emil, Daniels, Jade, Goodwin, Kim, Mariano, Timothy Y., Wicks, Paul, Robinson, Athena·2022·Expert Review of Medical Devices

DOI 10.1080/17434440.2022.2075726

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Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Postpartum Depression (PPD) is common, persistent, and stigmatized. There are insufficient trained professionals to deliver appropriate screening, diagnosis, and treatment. AREAS COVERED: WB001 is a Software as a Medical Device (SaMD) based Agent-Guided Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (AGCBT) program for the treatment of PPD, for which Breakthrough Device Designation was recently granted by the US Food and Drug Administration. WB001 combines therapeutic alliance, human-centered design, machine learning techniques, and established principles from CBT and interpersonal therapy (IPT). We introduce AGCBT as a new model of service delivery, whilst describing Woebot, the agent technology that enables guidance through the replication of some elements of human relationships. The profile describes the device's design principles, enabling technology, risk handling, and efficacy data in PPD. EXPERT OPINION: WB001 is a dynamic and personalized tool with which patients may establish a therapeutic bond. Woebot is designed to augment (rather than replace) human healthcare providers, unlocking the therapeutic potency associated with guidance, whilst retaining the scalability and agency that characterizes self-help approaches. WB001 has the potential to improve both the quality and the scalability of care through providing support to patients on waiting lists, in between clinical encounters, and enabling automation of measurement-based care.

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Contemporary mental health chatbots are simple frame-based systems guiding users through predesigned steps of built-in therapeutic interventions or exercises.
“Contemporary mental health chatbots are precisely such simple frame-based systems guiding users through predesigned steps of built-in therapeutic interventions or exercises (27, 34, 138).”
From Waiting for a digital therapist: three challenges on the path to psychotherapy delivered by artificial intelligence (2023) · cites this paper as [138]

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Lagan, S., Emerson, M. R., King, D. R., Matwin, S., Chan, S. R., Proctor, S., Tartaglia, J., Fortuna, K. L., Aquino, P. R., Walker, R., et al. (2021) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.202000663 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Virtual primary care in high-income countries during the COVID-19 pandemic: Policy responses and lessons for the future
Neves, A. L., Li, E., Gupta, P. P., Fontana, G., & Darzi, A. W. (2021) · European Journal of General Practice · doi:10.1080/13814788.2021.1965120 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Hospital-Based Care Associated with Postpartum Depression
Chan, A. L., Guo, N., Popat, R. A., Robakis, T. K., Blumenfeld, Y. J., Main, E. K., Scott, K. A., & Butwick, A. J. (2020) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-020-00774-y · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Preventing Perinatal Depression in High Risk Women: Moving the Mothers and Babies Course from Clinical Trials to Community Implementation
Le, H., Perry, D. F., Mendelson, T., Tandon, S. D., & Muñoz, R. F. (2015) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-015-1729-7 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Effectiveness of a discharge education program in reducing the severity of postpartum depression
Ho, S.-M., Heh, S., Jevitt, C. M., Huang, L., Fu, Y.-Y., & Wang, L. (2009) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2009.01.009 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
A web- and mobile-based intervention for comorbid, recurrent depression in patients with chronic back pain on sick leave (Get.Back): pilot randomized controlled trial on feasibility, user satisfaction, and effectiveness
Schlicker, S., Baumeister, H., Buntrock, C., Sander, L., Paganini, S., Lin, J., Berking, M., Lehr, D., & Ebert, D. D. (2020) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/16398 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Efficacy of systemically oriented psychotherapies in the treatment of perinatal depression: a meta-analysis
Claridge, A. M. (2014) · Archives of Women's Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-013-0391-6 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Design and methods of the Apple Women’s Health Study: a digital longitudinal cohort study
Mahalingaiah, S., Fruh, V., Rodriguez, E., Konanki, S. C., Onnela, J.-P. “., Veiga, A. D. F., Lyons, G. R., Ahmed, R., Li, H., Gallagher, N. J., et al. (2021) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2021.09.041 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The FDA and ECT
McDonald, W. M., Weiner, R. D., Fochtmann, L. J., & McCall, W. V. (2016) · Journal of Ect · doi:10.1097/yct.0000000000000326 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Decision Making for Postpartum Depression Treatment
Sit, D. K. Y., & Wisner, K. L. (2005) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/0048-5713-20050701-15 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Perinatal Distress
Wenzel, A. E., & Kleiman, K. (2014) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315769103 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The safety of antidepressant use in pregnancy
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Impact of a preventive intervention for perinatal depression on mood regulation, social support, and coping
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Adaptation of an evidence-based postpartum depression intervention: feasibility and acceptability of mothers and babies 1-on-1
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Resilient design: decentralized trials recovered faster from the impact of COVID-19 than traditional site-based designs
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74: Acceptability of postnatal mood management through a smartphone-based automated conversational agent
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Self-citation

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Waiting for a digital therapist: three challenges on the path to psychotherapy delivered by artificial intelligence
Grodniewicz, J. P., & Hohol, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1190084 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
ChatGPT: A Pilot Study on a Promising Tool for Mental Health Support in Psychiatric Inpatient Care
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Authors: Darcy, A., Beaudette, A., Chiauzzi, E., Daniels, J., Goodwin, K., Mariano, T. Y., Wicks, P., & Robinson, A.
Affiliations: Woebot Health (United States) (US)
Corresponding author: Darcy, Alison
ORCID: Darcy, Alison
Chiauzzi, Emil
Daniels, Jade
Goodwin, Kim
Mariano, Timothy Y.
Wicks, Paul
Robinson, Athena
Venue: Expert Review of Medical Devices
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2022-04-03
Volume: 19
Issue: 4
Pages: 287-301
ISSN: 1743-4440 (ISSN-L)
1745-2422
DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2022.2075726
OpenAlex: W4283450405
Semantic Scholar: e6f97bcadf13daf5100672d081a75d5829645278
Cited by: 40
References: 89
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 1
FWCI: 8.37
Type: journal article
Language: en
Status: Retracted
Update notices: retraction (2023-10-06)
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Expert Review of Medical Devices (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Woebot Health
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
Keywords: Woebot, postpartum depression, software as a medical device, chatbots, therapeutic relationship, human-centered design, machine learning, interpersonal psychotherapy, measurement-based care, women's mental health, retracted article
MeSH terms: Female, Humans, United States, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Depression, Postpartum

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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Anatomy of a Woebot® (WB001): agent guided CBT for women with postpartum depression

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