The neural basis of conceptual–emotional integration and its role in major depressive disorder
Open accessAbstract
The importance of differentiating between social concepts when appraising actions (e.g., understanding behavior as critical vs. fault-finding) and its contribution to vulnerability to major depressive disorder (MDD) is unknown. We predicted poor integration of differentiated conceptual knowledge when people with MDD appraise their social actions, contributing to their tendency to grossly overgeneralize self-blame (e.g., "I am unlikable rather than critical"). To test this hypothesis, we used a neuropsychological test measuring social conceptual differentiation and its relationship with emotional biases in a remitted MDD and a control group. During fMRI, guilt- and indignation-evoking sentences were presented. As predicted, conceptual overgeneralization was associated with increased emotional intensity when appraising social actions. Interdependence of conceptual overgeneralization and negative emotional biases was stronger in MDD (reproducible in the subgroup without medication) and was associated with overgeneralized self-blame. This high conceptual-emotional interdependence was associated with functional disconnection between the right superior anterior temporal lobe (ATL) and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) as well as a septal region across groups when experiencing guilt (SPM8). Strong coupling of conceptual information (ATL) with information about the context of actions and emotions (frontal-subcortical regions) is thus associated with appraisal being less dependent on conceptual overgeneralization, thereby protecting against excessive self-blame.
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The default mode has been related to rumination, and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has been related to regulation and conceptual-emotional information integration.
“Whilst the default mode has been related to rumination, the right dlPFC has been extensively related to regulation47 and conceptual-emotional information integration48.”
From The relationship between resting-state functional connectivity, antidepressant discontinuation and depression relapse (2020) · cites this paper as [48]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Green, S., Lambon Ralph, M. A., Moll, J., Zakrzewski, J., Deakin, J. F. W., Grafman, J., & Zahn, R.
- Affiliations
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (GB)
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit, School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Manchester & Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (BR)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zahn, Roland
- Venue
- Social Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-07-04
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 417-433
- ISSN
- 1747-0919 (ISSN-L)
- 1747-0927
- PMC
- PMC3783899
- OpenAlex
- W2098111967
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 1.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Social Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (ZIANS002792)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, self-blame, guilt, indignation, emotional bias, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, functional disconnection, septal area, remitted depression
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Brain Mapping, Concept Formation, Major Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Major, Emotions, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Oxygen, Psychometrics, Social Behavior, Statistics, Nonparametric
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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