Mental health stigma update: a review of consequences
Abstract
Mental illness remains a pervasive social issue that aff ects the well-being of millions of individuals globally. Despite the overall prevalence of mental illness, increasing numbers of individuals needing mental health treatment do not receive it. Mental Health Stigma (MHS) has been proposed as a signifi cant barrier to seeking/obtaining mental health treatment. Mounting evidence suggests that MHS is experienced in virtually all life domains and that it may signifi cantly influence multiple health outcomes, including treatment seeking behavior. The current review paper uniquely contributes to the literature on MHS in at least four ways. First, this paper provides a recent overview of the prevalence and social costs of mental illness in society. Second, this paper presents a current literature review of MHS and helps to elucidate the impact of MHS on a range of individual outcomes, including psychological and physical health. Third, this paper specifically reviews existing literature on understanding the relationship between MHS and treatment seeking behavior. This is the fi rst known review paper to focus specifi cally on the MHS–treatment seeking relationship. Finally, the paper presents implications for future research on MHS and treatment seeking which may lead to the development of theory-based interventions to address MHS in clinical practice.
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Mental health concerns are highly stigmatized.
“Mental health concerns are highly stigmatized [48]”
From The Opportunities and Risks of Large Language Models in Mental Health (2024) · cites this paper as [48]
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“…(Clement et al., 2015; P. W. Corrigan et al., 2012, 2014; Gulliver et al., 2010; Komiya et al., 2000; Link et al., 2001; Phelan et al., 2000; Sickel et al., 2014), with recent work extending this to the domain of SUD (P. Corrigan et al., 2017; Gourley & Krendl, 2023; Luoma, 2010; Luoma et…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMental disorder sick leave in Sweden: A population study
Lidwall, U., Bill, S., Palmer, E., & Bohlin, C. O. (2018) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-172672 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Creating a hierarchy of mental health stigma: testing the effect of psychiatric diagnosis on stigma
Hazell, C. M., Berry, C., Bogen‐Johnston, L., & Banerjee, M. (2022) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2022.578 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Extended reality for mental health: Current trends and future challenges
Pons, P., Medrano, S. N., & Soler-Dominguez, J. L. (2022) · Frontiers in Computer Science · doi:10.3389/fcomp.2022.1034307 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“Social and self-stigma could lead to many consequences (Sickel et al., 2014 or a panic attack (Formosa et al., 2018).”
BackgroundArts Engagement as a Health Behavior: An Opportunity to Address Mental Health Inequities
Rodriguez, A. K., Akram, S., Colverson, A. J., Hack, G. O., Golden, T. L., & Sonke, J. K. (2023) · Community Health Equity Research & Policy · doi:10.1177/2752535x231175072 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“33,34 Additionally, forms of racial discrimination, such as verbal harassment or hate crime, further compound the effects of this stigma.”
BackgroundNazari, A., Garmaroudi, G., Foroushani, A. R., & Hosseinnia, M. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05143-7 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“Stigma is another major barrier to help-seeking intentions/attitudes and can have worse effects than the illnesses themselves [18].”
BackgroundMartínez‐Martínez, C., Sánchez‐Martínez, V., Orts, R. S., Dinca, A., Richart‐Martínez, M., & Ramos‐Pichardo, J. D. (2019) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.12578 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Cognitive Reframing of Negative Thoughts through Human-Language Model Interaction
Sharma, A., Rushton, K., Lin, I. W., Wadden, D., Lucas, K., Miner, A. S., Nguyen, T., & Althoff, T. (2023) · Proceedings of the conference - Association for Computational Linguistics. Meeting · doi:10.18653/v1/2023.acl-long.555 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Fusar‐Poli, P., Estradé, A., Esposito, C. M., Rosfort, R., Basadonne, I., Mancini, M., Stanghellini, G., Otaiku, J., Olanrele, O., Allen, L., et al. (2024) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.21189 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“On the other hand, bullying from peers and teachers is a key driver of victimization and perceived stigma 163,164 , which was described by our experts by experience as “ having worse consequences than the mental disorders themselves ” 165 .”
BackgroundGunn, A., & Guarino, H. (2016) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.10.012 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Mental illness stigma in Bangladesh: Findings from a cross-sectional survey
Faruk, M. O., Khan, A. H., Chowdhury, K. U. A., Jahan, S., Sarker, D. C., Colucci, E., & Hasan, M. T. (2023) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2023.56 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“Considering the pervasive impact, stigma has been identified as a major social concern for people with mental health problems as well as families when it comes to receiving care even in this age of rapid emergence of mental health disorders globally (Sickel et al., 2014).”
InfluentialSwainson, J., Klassen, L. J., Brennan, S., Chokka, P. R., Katzman, M. A., Tanguay, R. L., & Khullar, A. (2022) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-022-00897-2 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“Dysregulation of stress hormone pathways [78, 79]”
BackgroundReturning Individual Research Results from Digital Phenotyping in Psychiatry
Shen, F. X., Baum, M. L., Martinez‐Martin, N., Miner, A. S., Abraham, M. E., Brownstein, C. A., Cortez, N. G., Evans, B. J., Germine, L. T., Glahn, D. C., et al. (2023) · The American Journal of Bioethics · doi:10.1080/15265161.2023.2180109 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“For instance, there is a deep literature on mental health stigma (Parcesepe and Cabassa 2013; Sickel, Seacat, and Nabors 2014), its serious consequences (Sharac et al. 2010), and efforts to reduce it (Yanos et al. 2015).”
BackgroundRelationship of Christian Beliefs to Attitudes Toward People With Mental Illness
Adams, K. S., Tost, J. R., Whatley, M. A., Brown, M. C., Dochney, B. J., Taylor, J. M., & Neal, M. H. (2018) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20180022 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Danışman, I. G., Yalçınay-İnan, M., & Yiğit, İ. (2017) · Journal of Psychosocial Oncology · doi:10.1080/07347332.2017.1340389 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Haggerty, D., Carlson, J. S., McNall, M. A., Lee, K., & Williams, S. (2018) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-018-9300-5 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Durna, G., Yorulmaz, O., & Gürbüz, A. A. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.065 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Karizat, N., Vinson, A., Parthasarathy, S., & Andalibi, N. (2024) · Proc. ACM Hum. Comput. Interact. · doi:10.1145/3637383 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“These beliefs around mental health are not unique to the patent applications in our corpus, but they do perpetrate commonly held ideas about mental health that contribute to mental health stigma [85, 187].”
BackgroundSelf-stigma coping and treatment-seeking in problem gambling
Horch, J. D., & Hodgins, D. C. (2015) · International Gambling Studies · doi:10.1080/14459795.2015.1078392 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Definitions and Concepts of Stress
Manosso, L. M., Gasparini, C. R., Réus, G. Z., & Pavlovic, Z. M. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-87480-3_2 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Gendered Mental Health Stigma in Masked Language Models
Lin, I., Njoo, L., Field, A., Sharma, A., Reinecke, K., Althoff, T., & Tsvetkov, Y. (2022) · Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing · doi:10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.139 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Funer, F. (2023) · Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13010-023-00144-6 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Mental illness stigma can influence different health outcomes in significant ways [47].”
BackgroundMental health message appeals and audience engagement: Evidence from Australia
Yap, J. E., Zubcevic‐Basic, N., Johnson, L. W., & Lodewyckx, M. A. (2017) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/dax062 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Personal stigma is the ‘social cognitive process in which the public perceives certain cues as to an individual’s mental health status which in turn activate stereotypes of the group in question and may lead to prejudice and discrimination’ (Sickel et al., 2014, p. 204).”
BackgroundMental health stigma and professional help-seeking attitudes a comparison between Cuba and Germany
Nohr, L., Ruíz, A. L., Ferrer, J. E. S., & Buhlmann, U. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0246501 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Stigma is defined as public stigma when the community tends to associate mental illness with negative labels and generalizes them [4–6].”
Ehrt-Schäfer, Y., Rusmir, M., Vetter, J., Seifritz, E., Müller, M., & Kleim, B. (2023) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/43882 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“On the one side, substantial and increasing evidence supports the effectiveness of face-to-face psychotherapy and psychosocial care for SMI [69-72], although the effects are low to moderate [73,74], and access is often limited due to systemic [75,76] and individual factors [77].”
BackgroundBugaeva, P., Arkusha, I. A., Bikaev, R., Kamenskiy, I., Pokrovskaya, A., El-Taravi, Y., Caso, V., Аведисова, А. С., Chu, D. K., Genuneit, J., et al. (2023) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-023-03071-7 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“In developed countries, patients often face stigmatisation and neglect by society [2, 5, 6].”
BackgroundZayts‐Spence, O., Tse, V. W. S., & Fortune, Z. (2022) · Discourse & Society · doi:10.1177/09579265221116302 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Even mild mental health issues are perpetuated by stigma in the modern society (Sickel et al., 2014), and by admitting to being stressed Sarah risks to be ‘labeled’ and potentially stigmatized as a ‘bad mother’.”
BackgroundA pilot study exploring mental health consumers’ experiences with the police
Jones, L. B., & Thomas, S. D. M. (2018) · Psychiatry Psychology and Law · doi:10.1080/13218719.2018.1504240 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Police officers have also been shown to perceive people experiencing mental illness inaccurately as dangerous, incompetent, and irresponsible (Sickel et al., 2014).”
BackgroundOverview of the role of big data in mental health: A scoping review
Ahmed, A., Agus, M., Alzubaidi, M. S., Aziz, S., Abd-Alrazaq, A. A., Giannicchi, A., & Househ, M. S. (2022) · Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Update · doi:10.1016/j.cmpbup.2022.100076 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Recognizing and Supporting Students with Mental Health Disorders: The REDFLAGS Model
Kalkbrenner, M. T. (2015) · Journal of Education and Training · doi:10.5296/jet.v3i1.8141 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“College students who were attending public four year universities that were living with a physical or mental disability were less likely to complete their bachelor’s degrees, 28% compared to their classmates who were not living with a disability, 54% (Steele & Wolanin, 2004).”
BackgroundSelf-Compassion as a Means to Improve Job-Related Well-Being in Academia
Dreisoerner, A., Klaic, A., van Dick, R., & Junker, N. M. (2022) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-022-00602-6 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“This might decrease the stigma associated with mental health problems (Sickel et al., 2014) and increase a sense of common humanity and shared identity, as most academics will face challenges during their career.”
BackgroundMental illness stigma among indigenous communities in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
Faruk, M. O., & Rosenbaum, S. (2023) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01257-5 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Toh, G., Pearce, E., Vines, J., Ikhtabi, S., Birken, M., Pitman, A., & Johnson, S. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-03889-0 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“However, in part due to the longstanding stigma surrounding both mental health issues and loneliness, accessing in-person, face-to-face treatments for mental health-related issues can be difficult, whereas lack of resources and treatment delays also impede access [24].”
What users’ musical preference on Twitter reveals about psychological disorders
Alavijeh, S. Z., Zarrinkalam, F., Noorian, Z., Mehrpour, A., & Etminani, K. (2023) · Information Processing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2023.103269 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Stigma of mental and physical illness and the use of mobile technology
Kowalski, R. M., Morgan, M. E., & Taylor, K. (2016) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224545.2016.1259981 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Müller, H., Rehn-Groenendijk, J., & Wasmer, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1112209 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Such stigmatization often leads to an aggravation of the symptoms and increases the psychological strain for those affected and their relatives (Sickel et al., 2014).”
BackgroundMental Health Stigma Reduction Interventions Among Men: A Systematic Review
Sweeney, J., O’Donnell, S., Roche, E., White, P. J., Carroll, P., & Richardson, N. (2024) · American Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1177/15579883241299353 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Enhancing mental health literacy and care through community-driven solutions in rural Bangladesh
Afreen, R., Surya, S. L., Jara, T., Islam, I., Parvin, R., Ferdousuzzaman, S. M., Uddin, M. S., & Ahmed, N. (2024) · Frontiers in Global Women s Health · doi:10.3389/fgwh.2024.1478817 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Martínez‐Martínez, C., Sánchez‐Martínez, V., Ballester‐Martínez, J., Richart‐Martínez, M., & Ramos‐Pichardo, J. D. (2020) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/jpm.12727 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Community music as a vehicle for tackling mental health-related stigma
Rodgers, D. (2017) · London Review of Education · doi:10.18546/lre.15.3.10 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“These cues activate the stereotypes of the group in question and may lead to prejudice and discrimination (Sickel et al., 2014: 204).”
BackgroundChen, J., Zhang, Y., Chen, S., & Wang, W. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-02707-y · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“For instance, a review reported that the stigmatization of mental health issues is perpetuated by prejudicial attitudes and various acts of discrimination across multiple domains of life [29].”
Li, Z., Zhu, Z., Gui, X.-N., & Luo, Y. (2025) · Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2025.103555 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Mensah, D. K. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1423445 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Kara, U. Y., & Kara, B. Ş. (2021) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-021-02112-x · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Carpini, J. A., Chandra, J., Lin, J., Teo, R., Truong, N., Boyne, E., Wylde, T. J., Clifford, R. M., & Ashoorian, D. M. (2020) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.13072 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Gürbüz, A. A., Yorulmaz, O., & Durna, G. (2020) · Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies · doi:10.24193/jebp.2020.2.14 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
(Cultural) Humility in Practice: Engaging First-Generation College Students
Rovitto, T. L. (2020) · Journal of College Student Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/87568225.2020.1819924 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Singh, S., Sharma, P., Ghimire, P., Shrestha, R., & Gnanavel, S. (2023) · Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1177/02537176221142046 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Kettlewell, J., Radford, K., Kendrick, D., Patel, P., Bridger, K., Këllezi, B., das Nair, R., Jones, T. M., & Timmons, S. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060294 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Watts, J. R., Tu, W., & O’Sullivan, D. (2019) · Journal of College Counseling · doi:10.1002/jocc.12140 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Harvey, L. J., & White, F. A. (2023) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12467 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The Roles of Lifetime Enacted Stigma in Tic Symptoms among Young Adults with Tourette Syndrome
Shiu, C. A., Chen, W., Kim, B., Ricketts, E. J., Stiede, J. T., Espil, F. M., Specht, M. W., Woods, D. W., & Piacentini, J. C. (2023) · Movement Disorders Clinical Practice · doi:10.1002/mdc3.13900 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Balducci, C., Conway, P. M., & Vignoli, M. (2024) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/ocp0000371 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
ÖZ, Y. C., Barlas, G. Ü., & Yıldız, M. (2019) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-019-00374-z · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Jaremka, L. M., Kane, H. S., & Bell, A. V. (2022) · Social Issues and Policy Review · doi:10.1111/sipr.12086 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Perceived barriers to mental health treatment among men enrolled in a responsible fatherhood program
Hayward, R. A., & Honegger, L. N. (2018) · Social Work in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/15332985.2018.1483464 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Research that further examines potential moderators and mediators of the relationship between stigma and mental health treatment is warranted, including the investigation of gender as a potential key moderator (Sickel et al., 2014).”
BackgroundFrom Athlete to Advocate: The Changing Media Coverage of Michael Phelps Pre- and Postretirement
Jackson, J. R., Dirks, E. J., & Billings, A. C. (2022) · International Journal of Sport Communication · doi:10.1123/ijsc.2022-0074 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Schuyteneer, E. D., Dewachter, B., Vansteelandt, K., Pilato, E., Crauwels, B., Lambrichts, S., Verspecht, S., Hebbrecht, K., Obbels, J., & Sienaert, P. A. (2023) · Academic Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40596-023-01779-5 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Mental health stigma is a possible barrier to seeking and obtaining treatment [2].”
BackgroundExploring the stigma against people with mental illness in Bangladesh
Roy, P., & Chowdhury, K. U. A. (2024) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2024.107 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Moreover, individuals can develop physical diseases such as back pain and obesity because of stigma (Sickel et al., 2014).”
Bessey, A. F., Black, K. J., & Britt, T. W. (2022) · Military Psychology · doi:10.1080/08995605.2022.2085957 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“…resource to alleviate symptoms, symptoms may lead to negative perceptions of leader support because of the beholders’ emotional state or actual behaviors from the leader in response to their emotional state (e.g., Britt et al., 2016; Caveen et al., 2006; Hoge et al., 2004; Sickel et al., 2014).”
BackgroundCounsellor-in-Residence: Evaluation of a Residence-Based Initiative to Promote Student Mental Health
Beks, T. A., Cairns, S. L., Smygwaty, S., Osorio, O. A. L. M., & Hill, S. J. (2018) · Canadian Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.47678/cjhe.v48i2.187978 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The relationship between contact with peers and self-stigma in people with mental illness
Maunder, R. D., & White, F. A. (2021) · Counselling Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1080/09515070.2021.1970514 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“…been associated with a range of deleterious consequences for PWMI, including reduced access to employment and housing, diminished social networks, decreased self-esteem and self-efficacy, exacerbated symptoms, and reduced orientation towards treatment (Livingston & Boyd, 2010; Sickel et al., 2014).”
BackgroundPilot of a consumer based anti-stigma mentorship program for nursing students
Fokuo, J. K., Maroney, M. M., & Corrigan, P. W. (2019) · Journal of Public Mental Health · doi:10.1108/jpmh-02-2019-0020 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Ansell, M. E., Finlay‐jones, A. L., Bayliss, D. M., & Ohan, J. L. (2024) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-024-02877-0 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“…’ theme was also consistent with prior literature, echoing prior fi ndings that a negative consequence of stigma for people with anxiety and depression is reduced help-seeking and pulling away from social connections and support (Alonso et al., 2009; Rüsch et al., 2005; Sickel et al., 2014).”
Casey, T. W., Hu, X., Carden, C., & Lee, Q. Y. (2025) · Journal of Safety Research · doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2025.01.003 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Counsellor-in-Residence: Evaluation of a Residence-Based Initiative to Promote Student Mental Health
Beks, T. A., Cairns, S. L., Smygwaty, S., Osorio, O. A. L. M., & Hill, S. J. (2019) · Canadian Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.7202/1057103ar · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Interestingly, Sickel, Seacat, and Nabors (2014) found that stigma and resilience may be connected insofar that feelings of stigma inhibit coping strategies, following treatment plans, and self-efficacy.”
BackgroundIntegrating Social Determinants of Health Within Cognitive Therapy
Williams, A. M., Baier, A. L., Woolley, M. G., & Galovski, T. E. (2022) · Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40501-022-00268-0 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Keplinger, K., & Smith, A. (2022) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-80117-226-420221003 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Data handling: ethical principles, guidelines, and recommended practices
Kaplan, B. A., Gilroy, S. P., DeHart, W. B., Brown, J. M., & Koffarnus, M. N. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90969-3.00006-2 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Disentangling low-value practices from pseudoscience in health service psychology
Farmer, R. L., Zaheer, I., & Schulte, M. (2022) · Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1080/09515089.2022.2144193 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“For instance, diagnosis may lead to public-and self-stigma, which may affect interpersonal relationships, employment, increase treatment avoidance and drop-out, and so on (Sickel et al., 2014).”
The Impact of Linguistic Form of Labels on Desire for Social Distance in Mental Health
Mallinson, M. G., Giannakopoulou, A., & Clements, A. J. (2022) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-022-00967-y · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“It is a core component of stigma and can affect self-esteem, interpersonal relationships, and life opportunities including housing and employment (Jorm & Oh, 2009; Sickel et al., 2014).”
Nething, E., Stoll, E., Dobson, K. S., Szeto, A. C. H., & Tomczyk, S. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084916 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Haugland, B. S. M., Hysing, M., & Sivertsen, B. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20053925 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Both substance abuse and mental illness are characterized by stigmatization and shame [32,33], increasing the likelihood that both the illness and the caregiving situation remain hidden.”
BackgroundShibeshi, A. H., Kase, B. F., Moloro, A. H., Mehari, M. G., & Seid, A. A. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-06371-1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Relationship Between Religiosity and Mental Illness Stigma in the Abrahamic Religions
Bushong, E. C. (2018) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Anti-atheist discrimination, outness, and psychological distress among atheists of colour
Abbott, D. M., Ternes, M. S., Mercier, C. M., & Monceaux, C. P. (2020) · Mental Health Religion & Culture · doi:10.1080/13674676.2020.1858771 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kumar, A. A.-W., Liu, Z. F., Han, J., Patil, S., Tang, L., McGurgan, P., & Almeida, O. P. (2023) · Australasian Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/10398562231202119 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Pishori, A. Z. (2015) · OpenCommons - UConn (University of Connecticut) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Mental Health Literacy and School Behavioral Health: Introduction to the Special Issue
Weist, M. D., Parham, B. R., & Figas, K. (2024) · American Journal of Health Education · doi:10.1080/19325037.2024.2422073 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“…health stigma is associated with a host of adverse psychological, interpersonal, and life outcomes, including poorer self-esteem and self-efficacy, unemployment and housing instability, increased symptoms of mental health challenges, and worse perceptions of physical health (Sickel et al., 2014).”
Hillier, L. (2018) · Lancaster University · doi:10.17635/lancaster/thesis/406 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Regional variation in mental healthcare utilization and suicide: Evidence from movers in Australia
Saxby, K., Buchmueller, T. C., de New, S. C., & Petrie, D. (2025) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2025.103029 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Frank, B. P., Theil, C. M., Brill, N., Christiansen, H., Schwenck, C., Kieser, M., Reck, C., Steinmayr, R., Wirthwein, L., & Otto, K. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.892174 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Payne, J., Esquivel, N. S., Strazza, K., Viator, C. L., Durocher, B., Sivén, J., Flynn, M. A., Menéndez, C. K. C., & Kaur, H. (2024) · AJPM Focus · doi:10.1016/j.focus.2024.100272 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Saad, S. Y. A., Bshawri, J. A., Alsaedi, S. M., Radi, R. E., Ghonim, R. M., Nasraldain, H. M., & Gadeer, A. A. (2022) · Mental Health Review Journal · doi:10.1108/mhrj-11-2021-0078 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Return to Work Trajectories of Swedish Employees on Sick-Leave Due to Common Mental Disorders
Toropova, A. A., Brämberg, E. B., & Bergström, G. (2024) · Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation · doi:10.1007/s10926-024-10216-9 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“As can be observed in Tables 4, 5, and 6 most RTW trajectories differed on one or two predictors.”
Matthews, G., & Ho, M. (2024) · Medical Humanities · doi:10.1136/medhum-2023-012854 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“…reasons for treatment-avoidant behaviour among people with mental health conditions (PMHCs) (Corrigan 2004; Thornicroft 2008; Conner et al 2010; Sickel, Seacat, and Nabors 2014; Corrigan, Druss, and Perlick 2014; Bharadwaj, Pai, and Suziedelyte 2017; Fox, Smith, and Vogt 2018; Sickel, Seacat,…”
Johnson, A. M., & Conner, K. O. (2019) · American Journal of Undergraduate Research · doi:10.33697/ajur.2019.009 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Rodríguez‐Meirinhos, A., & Suárez, L. A. (2020) · Universitas Psychologica · doi:10.11144/javeriana.upsy19.esem · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Perrella, A., McAiney, C. A., & Ploeg, J. (2018) · Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health · doi:10.7870/cjcmh-2018-007 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Stigma within families: impact of parental attitudes on youth’s mental health
Ranwa, R., & Arora, R. (2025) · Mental Health and Social Inclusion · doi:10.1108/mhsi-01-2025-0023 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Yohannes, K., Berhane, Y., Bradby, H., van Wees, S. H., & Målqvist, M. (2023) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-023-09810-z · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“In a recent study on the stigma associated with mental illness, individuals with mental health conditions are frequently stigmatised [58].”
BackgroundRovitto, T. L. (2021) · Journal of First-generation Student Success · doi:10.1080/26906015.2021.1985929 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“When participants further examined how they worked clinically with FGCS, accessing resources and additional approaches were necessary.”
BackgroundInfluential
- Authors
- Sickel, A. E., Seacat, J. D., & Nabors, N. A.
- Affiliations
- Walden University (US)
- Western New England University (US)
- ORCID
- Seacat, Jason D
- Venue
- Advances in Mental Health
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2014-12
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 202-215
- ISSN
- 1446-7984 (ISSN-L)
- 1838-7357
- 1837-4905
- OpenAlex
- W2063051517
- Cited by
- 224
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 9.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Advances in Mental Health (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deloitte
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Keywords
- mental health stigma, mental illness, treatment-seeking behavior, barriers to mental health care, mental health outcomes, physical health outcomes, stigma reduction interventions
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