Mental health treatment seeking among older adults with depression: The impact of stigma and race
Open accessAbstract
Objective Stigma associated with mental illness continues to be a significant barrier to help seeking, leading to negative attitudes about mental health treatment and deterring individuals who need services from seeking care. This study examined the impact of public stigma (negative attitudes held by the public) and internalized stigma (negative attitudes held by stigmatized individuals about themselves) on racial differences in treatment-seeking attitudes and behaviors among older adults with depression.Method Random digit dialing was utilized to identify a representative sample of 248 African American and white older adults (older than 60 years) with depression (symptoms assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9). Telephone-based surveys were conducted to assess their treatment-seeking attitudes and behaviors and the factors that impacted these behaviors.Results Depressed older adult participants endorsed a high level of public stigma and were not likely to be currently engaged in or did they intend to seek mental health treatment. Results also suggested that African American older adults were more likely to internalize stigma and endorsed less positive attitudes toward seeking mental health treatment than their white counterparts. Multiple regression analysis indicated that internalized stigma partially mediated the relationship between race and attitudes toward treatment.Conclusion Stigma associated with having a mental illness has a negative influence on attitudes and intentions toward seeking mental health services among older adults with depression, particularly African American elders. Interventions to target internalized stigma are needed to help engage this population in psychosocial mental health treatments.
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Among traditionally underserved groups such as African Americans and older adults, perceived stigma is linked to willingness to use mental health services.
“Perceived stigma has been demonstrated to be related to willingness to receive mental health services among members of traditionally underserved populations such as African Americans and older adults (Conner et al., 2010).”
From Using Mindfulness- and Acceptance-Based Treatments With Clients From Nondominant Cultural and/or Marginalized Backgrounds: Clinical Considerations, Meta-Analysis Findings, and Introduction to the Special Series (2013) · cites this paper as Conner et al., 2010
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Lebowitz, B. D., & Niederehe, G. (1992) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-101277-9.50005-x · Cited by 78 · see citing works
The role of stigma in the quality of life of older adults with severe mental illness
Depla, M. F. I. A., de Graaf, R., van Weeghel, J., & Heeren, T. J. (2005) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.1264 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Race differences in professional help seeking
Broman, C. L. (1987) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf00915215 · Cited by 76 · cited 1× · see citing works
“While this finding is inconsistent with some other studies that have found no racial differences in attitudes about mental health treatment (Broman, 1987; Diala et al., 2000), the current study may have found divergent results for two reasons.”
ResultTrends In Mental Health Services Use And Spending, 1987–1996
Zuvekas, S. H. (2001) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.20.2.214 · Cited by 75 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Older adults are especially underrepresented in outpatient specialty mental health care (Corrigan, 2003; Milazzo-Sayre et al., 2000; Zuvekas, 2001).”
BackgroundStigma, race, and disease in 20th century America
Wailoo, K. A. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68186-5 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Griffin, K. W., Scheier, L. M., Botvin, G. J., Diaz, T., & Miller, N. L. (1999) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6629(199905)27:3 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Pingitore, D. P., Snowden, L. R., Sansone, R. A., & Klinkman, M. S. (2001) · The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.2190/6bul-mwtq-0m18-30gl · Cited by 69 · see citing works
McGee, J. W., & Becker, H. S. (1957) · The American Catholic Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/3709145 · Cited by 68 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Historically, stigma theorists using the social cognitive approach focused on understanding the stigmatization of social deviants such as thieves, the physically disabled, adulterers, and traitors (Akerstrom, 1986; Becker, 1956) and subsequently the stigmatization of racial and ethnic minorities (Steele & Aronson, 199…”
BackgroundThe effect of patient and visit characteristics on diagnosis of depression in primary care.
Harman, J. S., Schulberg, H. C., Mulsant, B. H., & Reynolds, C. F. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationMental Health Service Use among Older African Americans: The National Survey of American Life
Neighbors, H. W., Woodward, A. T., Bullard, K., Ford, B. C., Taylor, R., & Jackson, J. (2008) · The American journal of geriatric psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e318187ddd3 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Gum, A. M., Iser, L., & Petkus, A. (2010) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e3181c29495 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Attitudes of Hispanic, Black, and Caucasion University Students Toward Mental Illness
Crane, R. S., & Spielberger, C. D. (1981) · Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1177/073998638100300302 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Race, Gender and Class: Guidelines for Practice With Individuals, Families and Groups
Davis, L. E., & Proctor, E. K. (1989) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Rosenstein, L. D. (1998) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1023/a:1025628925796 · Cited by 63 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Aging also carries with it an increased risk of degenerative organic disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s and specific mental illnesses such as dementia and depression (Rosenstein, 1998).”
BackgroundSirey, J. A., BRUCE, M. L., & Kales, H. C. (2010) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e3181cdeb7d · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Neighbors, H. W. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 61 · see citing works
1/Reasons for Low Utilization of Mental Health Services by the Elderly
Lasoski, M. C. (1986) · Clinical Gerontologist · doi:10.1300/j018v05n01_01 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Ethnic Minority Elders in the UK
Manthorpe, J., & Hettiaratchy, P. (1993) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/09540269309028308 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Barriers and Contributors to Minority Older Adults' Access to Mental Health Treatment
Choi, N. G., & Gonzalez, J. M. (2005) · Journal of Gerontological Social Work · doi:10.1300/j083v44n03_08 · Cited by 54 · cited 1× · see citing works
“African American older adults suffer more psychological distress than their White counterparts due to their life long exposure to and experiences with racism, discrimination, prejudice, poverty, and violence(8); and they tend to have fewer psychological, social, and financial resources for coping with stress than thei…”
Random Digit Dialing: A Sampling Technique for Telephone Surveys
Cummings, K. M. (1979) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1086/268514 · Cited by 53 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Random digit dialing (RDD) is identified as the most statistically valid method of telephone sampling (Cummings, 1979).”
MethodOutcasts in prison: The cases of informers and sex offenders
Åkerström, M. (1986) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639625.1986.9967691 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Counselor Dissimilarity Confrontation, Client Cultural Mistrust, and Willingness to Self‐Disclose
Poston, W. S. C., Craine, M. H., & Atkinson, D. R. (1991) · Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development · doi:10.1002/j.2161-1912.1991.tb00623.x · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Impact of screening old people with physical illness for depression?
Katona, C., & Livingston, G. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02466-1 · Cited by 51 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Katona and Livingston (2000) identify the stigma of mental illness as the most fundamental reason why elderly people choose not to seek mental health services.”
BackgroundMental disorders among elderly people in primary care: the Linköping study
Ólafsdóttir, M., Marcusson, J., & Skoog, I. (2001) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0447.2001.104001012.x · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Attitudes toward Psychotherapists, Psychologists, Psychiatrists, and Psychoanalysts
von Sydow, K., & Reimer, C. (1998) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1998.52.4.463 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Copeland, V. C. (2006) · Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10560-006-0061-x · Cited by 42 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Identifying specific attitudes and beliefs about depression provides an opportunity to develop clinical and community-based interventions to reduce stigma and increase treatment utilization by those suffering from depression and other mental illnesses (Copeland, 2006).”
BackgroundSelf-citationProviding culturally appropriate mental health services for minorities
Wallen, J. (1992) · The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research · doi:10.1007/bf02518993 · Cited by 38 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Consistent with prior studies however(11,46-48), African Americans were significantly less likely than their White counterparts to have ever sought mental health treatment.”
Mental health services for the elderly: Key policy elements.
Estes, C. L. (1995) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10179-012 · Cited by 37 · cited 1× · see citing works
“4 million older adults in the United States are in need of mental health treatment, yet less than 1 million of them actually receive services (Estes, 1995).”
BackgroundPollio, D. E., North, C. S., & Osborne, V. A. (2002) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1023/a:1019812512926 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Effects of Perceived Responsibility on Help-Seeking Decisions Among Elderly Persons
Ray, D. C., Raciti, M. A., & MacLean, W. E. (1992) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/47.3.p199 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Behavioral health needs and problem recognition by older adults receiving home-based aging services
Gum, A. M., Petkus, A., McDougal, S. J., Present, M., King‐Kallimanis, B., & Schonfeld, L. (2009) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.2135 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Ambulatory medical care among adult black Americans: the hospital emergency room.
Neighbors, H. W. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Age and Mental Health Services
Horwitz, A. V., & Uttaro, T. (1998) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1023/a:1018717808191 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Practice with People with Severe Mental Illness: Rewards, Challenges, Burdens
Newhill, C. E., & Korr, W. S. (2004) · Health & Social Work · doi:10.1093/hsw/29.4.297 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
When Do Older Adults Seek Primary Care Services for Depression?
Corrigan, P. W., Swantek, S. S., Watson, A. C., & Kleinlein, P. (2003) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000087190.09305.b6 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
A Cross-Cultural Study of Attitudes towards Seeking Psychological Help
Furnham, A. F., & Andrew, R. L. (1996) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1996.79.1.289 · Cited by 23 · cited 2× · see citing works
“While this finding is inconsistent with some other studies that have found no racial differences in attitudes about mental health treatment(18-21), the current study has found divergent results for, at least, three reasons.”
Barriers to serving older adults with a psychiatric disability.
Hatfield, A. B. (1999) · Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.1037/h0095234 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Gerontology Content in MSW Curricula and Student Attitudes Toward Older Adults
Olson, M. D. (2007) · Educational Gerontology · doi:10.1080/03601270701632230 · Cited by 22 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The number of geriatric social workers is extremely inadequate (Olson, 2007), and there are few Masters in Social Work programs with a specialization in geriatric mental health.”
BackgroundThe acceptability of a culturally-tailored depression education videotape to African Americans.
Primm, A. B., Cabot, D., Pettis, J., Vu, H. T., & Cooper, L. A. (2002) · PubMed Central · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Improving the Primary Care Treatment of Late Life Depression: Progress and Opportunities
Coyne, J., & Katz, I. R. (2001) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-200108000-00002 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Enhancing the Cultural Relevance of Empirically-Supported Mental Health Interventions
Conner, K. O., & Grote, N. K. (2008) · Families in Society The Journal of Contemporary Social Services · doi:10.1606/1044-3894.3821 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationAsbury, C. A., Walker, S., Belgrave, F. Z., Maholmes, V., & Green, L. E. (1994) · Rehabilitation Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0080314 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
A Scottish survey of attitudes to depression in older and younger adults
DAVIDSON, K., & Connery, H. (2003) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638230310001603564 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Maintenance Treatment of Depression in Old Age
Bajbouj, M., & Danker‐Hopfe, H. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc061020 · Cited by 13 · cited 1× · see citing works
“With the numbers of older adults rapidly increasing in the United States, untreated mental illness among older adults is one of the most significant challenges facing the mental health service delivery system (President’s New Freedom Commission on Mental Health, 2003), especially considering that the combination of ps…”
Background
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [23]Goffman E Stigma Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice Hall 1963
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Sorted by citations
Clement, S., Schauman, O., Graham, T., Maggioni, F., Evans-Lacko, S., Bezborodovs, N., Morgan, C., Rüsch, N., Brown, J. S. L., & Thornicroft, G. (2015) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291714000129 · Cited by 3,152 · see citing works
The Impact of Mental Illness Stigma on Seeking and Participating in Mental Health Care
Corrigan, P. W., Druss, B. G., & Perlick, D. A. (2014) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1177/1529100614531398 · Cited by 1,642 · see citing works
“, 2013; Pederson & Vogel, 2007) and ethnicity (Cheng, Kwan, & Sevig, 2013; Conner et al., 2010).”
Liu, C. H., Stevens, C., Wong, S. H. M., Yasui, M., & Chen, J. A. (2019) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22830 · Cited by 603 · see citing works
“This too could be due to underreporting, with views held among Blacks that mental illness is a weakness that should not be disclosed (Conner et al., 2010), and the possibility that the language and framing of the instruments for detecting symptoms may not be sensitive for use among Blacks (Ellis, 2003).”
Artificially intelligent chatbots in digital mental health interventions: a review
Boucher, E. M., Harake, N. R., Ward, H. E., Stoeckl, S. E., Vargas, J., Minkel, J., Parks, A. C., & Zilca, R. (2021) · Expert Review of Medical Devices · doi:10.1080/17434440.2021.2013200 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
“While some individuals do not seek treatment because of low perceived need [6] or attitudinal barriers like perceived stigma [7],”
BackgroundHearing Loss and Depression in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Lawrence, B. J., Jayakody, D. M. P., Bennett, R. J., Eikelboom, R. H., Gasson, N., & Friedland, P. L. (2019) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnz009 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
Evans-Lacko, S. E., Brohan, E., Mojtabai, R., & Thornicroft, G. (2011) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291711002558 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
“2009), less treatment seeking (Conner et al. 2010) and higher rates of hospitalizations (Rusch et al.”
BackgroundInternalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) Scale: A multinational review
Ritsher, J. B., Adler, E. P., Otilingam, P. G., & Peters, T. (2013) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.06.005 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
“79 Pennsylvania: [42] English Modified .”
BackgroundMethodStigma as a barrier to seeking health care among military personnel with mental health problems
Sharp, M.-L., Fear, N. T., Rona, R. J., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., Jones, N., & Goodwin, L. (2015) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/epirev/mxu012 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
Is stigma internalized? The longitudinal impact of public stigma on self-stigma.
Vogel, D. L., Bitman, R. L., Hammer, J. H., & Wade, N. G. (2013) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0031889 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
“, 2001), increased depression (Manos, Rusch, Kanter, & Clifford, 2009), negative attitudes toward psychological treatment (Conner et al., 2010), and lower treatment compliance (Fung et al.”
BackgroundMisra, S., Jackson, V. W., Chong, J., Choe, K., Tay, C., Wong, J., & Yang, L. H. (2021) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/ajcp.12516 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Ward, E. C., Wiltshire, J. C., Detry, M. A., & Brown, R. L. (2013) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/nnr.0b013e31827bf533 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
McGinty, E. E., Webster, D. W., & Barry, C. L. (2013) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13010014 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
A Model of Internalized Stigma and Its Effects on People With Mental Illness
Drapalski, A. L., Lucksted, A. A., Perrin, P. B., Aakre, J. M., Brown, C. H., DeForge, B. R., & Ritsher, J. B. (2013) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.001322012 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Self-citationBrohan, E., Gauci, D., Sartorius, N., & Thornicroft, G. (2010) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.09.001 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
“Conner and colleagues reported mean ISMI (including SR) as 2.14 (SD=0.36), when calculated in this way our score is 2.07 (SD=0.50) (Conner et al., 2010).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Pearlman, S. A. (2013) · Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association · doi:10.1177/1078390313511852 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
“Furthermore, it also removes a great deal of the stigma from treatment for mental illness, which is currently a significant obstacle to care (C. Brown et al., 2010; Conner et al., 2010; Cummings, Lucas, & Druss, 2013).”
BackgroundAngermeyer, M. C., van der Auwera, S., Carta, M. G., & Schomerus, G. (2017) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20383 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Eylem, Ö., de Wit, L. M., van Straten, A., Steubl, L., Melissourgaki, Z., Danışman, G. T., de Vries, R., Kerkhof, A. J. F. M., Bhui, K. S., & Cuijpers, P. J. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-08964-3 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
“Some studies indicate that diagnosis of a CMD would reinforce the label indicating that the individual falls out of the societal expectations and therefore is unpredictable and/or dangerous (8-5271).”
BackgroundPerspectives on perceived stigma and self-stigma in adult male patients with depression
Latalova, K., Kamarádová, D., & Praško, J. (2014) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s54081 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
“This scale focuses on the patient’s subjective experience by offering for endorsement statements like “I am embarrassed and ashamed to have mental illness”.(10) The Self-Stigma of Seeking Help Scale is a 10-item instrument using a 5-point Likert-type scale to assess agreement or disagreement with statements like “it w…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMental health stigma update: a review of consequences
Sickel, A. E., Seacat, J. D., & Nabors, N. A. (2014) · Advances in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/18374905.2014.11081898 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Sciepura, B., & Linos, E. (2022) · Review of Public Personnel Administration · doi:10.1177/0734371x221081508 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
“The finding on Black men is not new: African Americans are less likely to report worse mental health outcomes (Conner et al., 2010; Snowden, 1999, 2001), and this may be due to differences in reporting, rather than underlying differences in mental health.”
BackgroundDisentangling self-stigma: Are mental illness and help-seeking self-stigmas different?
Tucker, J. R., Hammer, J. H., Vogel, D. L., Bitman, R. L., Wade, N. G., & Maier, E. J. (2013) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0033555 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Low use of mental health services among older Americans with mood and anxiety disorders
Byers, A. L., Arean, P. A., & Yaffe, K. (2012) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201100121 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Stigmatizing attitudes toward mental illness among racial/ethnic older adults in primary care
Jimenez, D. E., Bartels, S. J., Cárdenas, V., & Alegria, M. M. (2013) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.3928 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
“This is in contrast to a prior study that found that older African-Americans were more likely to experience stigma about mental illness than their White counterparts (Conner et al., 2010).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialConceptions of Mental Illness: Attitudes of Mental Health Professionals and the General Public
Stuber, J., Rocha, A., Christian, A. M., & Link, B. G. (2014) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201300136 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
“Concerns about being subjected to negative stereotypes and discrimination have been implicated in the low uptake of potentially beneficial treatment (9,10).”
BackgroundWaldron, E. M., Hong, S., Moskowitz, J. T., & Burnett-Zeigler, I. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-0920-5 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Self-stigma in substance abuse: development of a new measure
Luoma, J. B., Nobles, R. H., Drake, C. E., Hayes, S. C., O’Hair, A., Fletcher, L., & Kohlenberg, B. S. (2013) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-012-9323-4 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Karaffa, K. M., & Koch, J. M. (2016) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0093854815613103 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
“Once again, these findings have been supported in previous studies (e.g., Conner et al., 2010; Hackler et al., 2010).”
BackgroundResultFuchs, C., Lee, J. K., Roemer, L., & Orsillo, S. M. (2013) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2011.12.004 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
“Perceived stigma has been demonstrated to be related to willingness to receive mental health services among members of traditionally underserved populations such as African Americans and older adults (Conner et al., 2010).”
BackgroundChoi, N. G., DiNitto, D. M., & Marti, C. N. (2014) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.10.004 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Vasiliadis, H., Dionne, P.-A., Préville, M., Gentil, L., Berbiche, D., & Latimer, E. A. (2013) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2012.12.016 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Tay, J. L., Tay, Y. F., & Klainin-Yobas, P. (2018) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2018.04.007 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Conner, K. O., Copeland, V. C., Grote, N. K., Rosen, D., Albert, S. M., McMurray, M. L., Reynolds, C. F., Brown, C., & Koeske, G. F. (2010) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2010.501061 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
“…patterns of older African-Americans, research suggests that depressed African-American elders are less likely than their White counterparts to be currently in treatment, to intend to seek treatment in the future, or to have ever sought mental health treatment for depression (Conner et al., 2010).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationElshaikh, U. A. M., Sheik, R., Saeed, R. K. M., Chivese, T., & Hassan, D. A. (2023) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-023-04229-x · Cited by 148 · see citing works
“Stigma can be divided into internal or external, in which external stigma refers to the public’s unfavorable views, attitudes, and perceptions about mental illness, that contribute to stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination towards people with mental health conditions [21].”
BackgroundRacial and Ethnic Disparities in Depression Care in Community-Dwelling Elderly in the United States
Akıncıgil, A., Olfson, M., Siegel, M. J., Zurlo, K. A., Walkup, J. T., & Crystal, S. (2011) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300349 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
A Systematic Review of Barriers Faced by Older Adults in Seeking and Accessing Mental Health Care
Lavingia, R., Jones, K. B., & Asghar‐Ali, A. A. (2020) · Journal of Psychiatric Practice · doi:10.1097/pra.0000000000000491 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Ritsher, J. B., Katz, E. P., Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. C. (2009) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-009-0147-9 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
“Internalized stigma also makes people with mental illness reluctant to seek or remain in treatment [10, 25].”
BackgroundGreen, J. G., McLaughlin, K. A., Fillbrunn, M. K., Fukuda, M., Jackson, J. S., Kessler, R. C., Sadikova, E., Sampson, N. A., Vilsaint, C. L., Williams, D. R., et al. (2020) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-020-01021-6 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Conner, K. O., Lee, B. A., Mayers, V., Robinson, D., Reynolds, C. F., Albert, S. M., & Brown, C. (2010) · Journal of Aging Studies · doi:10.1016/j.jaging.2010.05.007 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
“…suggesting that stigma adversely affects treatment seeking attitudes and behaviors as well as acceptability of mental health services (Brown et al., 2010; Conner et al., 2010; Conner, Koeske, & Brown, in press; Conner & Rosen, 2008; Corrigan, 2004, 2007; McCarthy, 2001; Sirey et al., 2001; Vogel.”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationPositive and negative religious coping as predictors of distress among minority older adults
O’Brien, B., Shrestha, S., Stanley, M. A., Pargäment, K. I., Cummings, J. P., Kunik, M. E., Fletcher, T. L., Cortes, J., Ramsey, D. J., & Amspoker, A. B. (2018) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.4983 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Depression and loneliness of older adults in Europe and Israel after the first wave of covid-19
Atzendorf, J., & Gruber, S. (2021) · European Journal of Ageing · doi:10.1007/s10433-021-00640-8 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
“Since mental health problems are often stigmatized (Conner et al. 2010; Graham et al. 2003), especially the older population should be encouraged to reach out for help or to seek mental health treatment if necessary.”
BackgroundGender, Self-stigma, and Public Stigma in Predicting Attitudes toward Psychological Help-seeking
Topkaya, N. (2014) · Educational Sciences Theory & Practice · doi:10.12738/estp.2014.2.1799 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Vogel, D. L., Armstrong, P. I., Tsai, P.-C., Wade, N. G., Hammer, J. H., Efstathiou, G., Holtham, E., Kouvaraki, E., Liao, H.-Y., Shechtman, Z., et al. (2013) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0032055 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
“more negative attitudes toward and less intentions to seek psychological services for many different forms of therapy, including individual counseling (Conner et al., 2010; Vogel et al., 2007) career counseling (Ludwikowski, Vogel, & Armstrong, 2009), and group counseling (Vogel, Shechtman, & Wade, 2010).”
BackgroundConner, K. O., Koeske, G. F., & Brown, C. (2009) · Journal of Gerontological Social Work · doi:10.1080/01634370902914372 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
“Some studies suggest that, in general, African Americans have less positive attitudes toward mental health services ( Conner et al, 2009 ; Dadfar & Freindlander, 1982 ; Delphin & Rollock, 1995 ), yet others suggest no differences ( Furnham & Andrew, 1996 ; Hall & Tucker, 1985 ), and still others suggest that, before s…”
BackgroundSelf-citationCosh, S., McNeil, D. G., Jeffreys, A., Clark, L. A., & Tully, P. J. (2023) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102586 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Predicting Self-Esteem and Intentions to Seek Counseling
Lannin, D. G., Vogel, D. L., Brenner, R. E., & Tucker, J. R. (2014) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000014541550 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
“, 2001), and the self-stigma associated with having a mental illness has been linked to demoralization, lowered self-esteem, increased depression, and lower treatment compliance (Conner et al., 2010; Manos et al., 2009).”
BackgroundInfluentialHan, K., Chang, J., Won, E., Lee, M., & Ham, B. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.04.049 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Adherence to Depression Treatment in Primary Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Sirey, J. A., Banerjee, S., Marino, P., Bruce, M. L., Halkett, A., Turnwald, M., Chiang, C., Liles, B., Artis, A., Blow, F., et al. (2017) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.3047 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Bizer, G. Y., Hart, J., & Jekogian, A. M. (2011) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.002 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“Negative attitudes can also lead to employment and housing discrimination (e.g., Weiss, Ramakrishna, & Somma, 2006), and lead people with mental illnesses to avoid seeking much-needed treatment for their disorders (e.g., Conner et al., 2010).”
BackgroundExamining Mental Health Knowledge, Stigma, and Service Use Intentions Among Public Safety Personnel
Krakauer, R. L., Stelnicki, A. M., & Carleton, R. N. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00949 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Depression and episodic memory across the adult lifespan: A meta-analytic review.
James, T., Weiss-Cowie, S., Hopton, Z. W., Verhaeghen, P., Dotson, V. M., & Duarte, A. (2021) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000344 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“For instance, as social stigma surrounding mental health has been lessening in the relatively recent past, it could be that older adults, relative to their younger counterparts, might underreport depressive symptoms or avoid treatment entirely (Conner et al., 2010).”
BackgroundRussomanno, J., Patterson, J. G., & Jabson, J. M. (2019) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/14886 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“Researchers have successfully used Facebook to recruit a vast array of populations who experience stigma or discrimination due to their country of origin [11,12], race or ethnicity [13,14], sexual orientation [15,16], health behaviors [17,18] or mental health status [19,20].”
Russo, A., Lewis, B., Joyce, A., Crockett, B., & Luchters, S. (2015) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-015-0631-z · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“In addition, stigma associated with mental health has been found to impact help seeking behaviours among a range of population groups [50–52], including women experiencing postnatal depression [53, 54].”
BackgroundBeyond attributions: Understanding public stigma of mental illness with the common sense model.
Mak, W. W. S., Chong, E. S. K., & Wong, C. C. Y. (2014) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/h0099373 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“In the CFA, except for the IPQ-R subscale of biological and physiological causes, items from each subscale of IPQ-R, two subscales of the Stigma and Acceptance Scale Mak, Wong, & Chong, 2013), and the Social Distance Scale (Corrigan et al., 2002) were grouped into three parcels to account for each construct. The parce…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialmHealth Assessment and Intervention of Depression and Anxiety in Older Adults
Grossman, J. T., Frumkin, M., Rodebaugh, T., & Lenze, E. (2020) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000255 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Digital mental health interventions for depression
Himle, J. A., Weaver, A., Zhang, A., & Xiang, X. (2022) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2020.12.009 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Park, N. S., Jang, Y., & Chiriboga, D. A. (2016) · Ethnicity and Health · doi:10.1080/13557858.2016.1246429 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“Similarly, the influence of family shame on unwillingness to use mental health services demonstrates the importance of a more Eastern philosophy (Cardemil et al. 2015; Conner et al. 2010).”
BackgroundMerritt, M. M., & McCallum, T. (2013) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2012.10.006 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Foster, S. D., & O’Mealey, M. (2021) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2021.1875416 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“…to prior research indicating that women tend to have more positive views of those with mental illnesses, while certain non-white populations tend to have more negative views of those with mental illnesses (Conner et al., 2010; Ewalds-Kvist et al., 2013; Holzinger et al., 2012; Rao et al., 2007).”
ResultShen, M. J., Freeman, R., Karpiak, S. E., Brennan‐Ing, M., Seidel, L., & Siegler, E. L. (2018) · Clinical Gerontologist · doi:10.1080/07317115.2018.1456500 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“…associated with individuals’ social relationships, social support, psychological well-being, and ability to access medical care (Bos, Schaalma, & Pryor, 2008; Chesney & Smith, 1999; Conner et al., 2010; Mak et al., 2007; Mawar, Sahay, Pandit, & Mahajan, 2005; Rüsch, Angermeyer, & Corrigan, 2005).”
Kim, H., Thyer, B. A., & Munn, J. (2019) · Educational Gerontology · doi:10.1080/03601277.2019.1583403 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“Also, another study indicated that internalized stigma exacerbated racial disparities in behaviors of seeking medical treatment (Conner et al., 2010).”
BackgroundCollopy, C. M., Cosh, S., & Tully, P. J. (2021) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-020-06030-7 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Health-Related Internet Use in Older Primary Care Patients
Crabb, R. M., Rafie, S., & Weingardt, K. R. (2011) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000329340 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Peer education as a strategy for reducing internalized stigma among depressed older adults.
Conner, K. O., McKinnon, S. A., Ward, C. J., Reynolds, C. F., & Brown, C. (2015) · Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.1037/prj0000109 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationLate-life depressive symptoms: Prediction models of change
García‐Peña, C., Wagner, F. A., Sánchez‐García, S., Espinel-Bermúdez, C., Juárez‐Cedillo, T., Pérez‐Zepeda, M. U., Arango-Lopera, V. E., Franco‐Marina, F., Ramírez‐Aldana, R., & Gallo, J. J. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.05.007 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“…of the multiple physical problems, and comorbidities; moreover, health care professionals often conclude that depressive symptoms are a normal consequence of these problems, an attitude that is often shared by the patients themselves (stigma) (Conner et al., 2010; Perez-Zepeda et al., 2012).”
BackgroundNowotny, K. M., Cepeda, A., James‐Hawkins, L., & Boardman, J. D. (2015) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264315614007 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“, 2006), and lower intentions toward seeking mental health services (Conner et al., 2010) for older Blacks compared with Whites.”
BackgroundLin, C., Oveisi, S., Burri, A. V., & Pakpour, A. H. (2017) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.01.010 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Self-stigma describes a set of negative attitudes toward help seeking [33,34] and may restrict an individual's motivation to change the situation or work on a problem [35–37].”
Telementoring Primary Care Clinicians to Improve Geriatric Mental Health Care
Fisher, E. M., Hasselberg, M. J., Conwell, Y., Weiss, L., Padrón, N. A., Tiernan, E., Karuza, J., Donath, J., & Pagán, J. A. (2017) · Population Health Management · doi:10.1089/pop.2016.0087 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
He, Z.-F., Tan, W., Ma, H., Shuai, Y., Shan, Z., Zhai, J., Qiu, Y., Zeng, H., Chen, X., Wang, S., et al. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.11.022 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Jain, G., Pareek, S., & Carlbring, P. (2024) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2024.100745 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“Around 70 % of those with mental illnesses globally don't receive formal treatment, due to various reasons including stigma and a perceived lack of need (Wang et al., 2007; Mojtabai et al., 2011; Conner et al., 2010).”
BackgroundLee, P.-T., Dakin, E. K., & McLure, M. (2015) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/hsc.12201 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“Older adults may have particularly high identified stigma in relation to mental health concerns (Conner et al. 2010), and stigma has been found to be a barrier to people receiving mental health services (Vogel et al. 2009).”
BackgroundJames, B. O., Omoaregba, J. O., & Okogbenin, E. O. (2012) · Mental Illness · doi:10.4081/mi.2012.e8 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
McGregor, B. S., Li, C., Baltrus, P., Douglas, M. D., Hopkins, J. M., Wrenn, G. L., Holden, K. B., Respress, E., & Gaglioti, A. H. (2020) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201900407 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Burnett-Zeigler, I. E., Satyshur, M. D., Hong, S., Yang, A., T. Moskowitz, J., & Wisner, K. L. (2016) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2016.08.007 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Woodward, A. T. (2011) · Race and Social Problems · doi:10.1007/s12552-011-9049-z · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Depression and Its Theoretical Perspectives
Kim, M. (2013) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-013-9265-3 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“These negative attitudes regarding mental health services affected their never having sought mental health treatment [13].”
BackgroundPolitical attitudes as predictors of the multiple dimensions of mental health stigma
DeLuca, J. S., Vaccaro, J., Seda, J., & Yanos, P. T. (2018) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764018776335 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“…other less consistent covariates, the relationship between age and MH stigma appears to differ by stigma dimension studied, whereby younger age has predicted more intended social distance (DeLuca, 2014) and older age has been related to less willingness to seek MH treatment (Conner et al., 2010).”
BackgroundMenberu, M., Mekonen, T., Azale, T., Ayano, G., Yimer, S., Getnet, A., Belete, A., Kerie, S., & Fekadu, W. (2018) · Annals of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12991-018-0205-3 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Jester, D. J., Kohn, J. N., Tibiriçá, L., Thomas, M. L., Brown, L. L., Murphy, J. D., & Jeste, D. V. (2023) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.20220158 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Treatment Stigma Among Soldiers
Olmsted, K. R., Brown, J. M., Vandermaas-Peeler, J. R., Tueller, S., Johnson, R. E., & Gibbs, D. A. (2011) · Military Psychology · doi:10.1080/08995605.2011.534414 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“Studies with both military and civilian populations have illustrated that those with higher levels of mental health symptoms (i.e., those with more symptoms or more severe symptomatology) report the greatest concerns regarding stigma (Conner et al., 2010; Hoge et al., 2004; Kessler et al., 2001).”
BackgroundStigma, mental illness & ethnicity: Time to centre racism and structural stigma
Kapadia, D. (2023) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.13615 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“…that many of the solutions to the theorised stigma problem for ethnic minority people with mental illness are targeted at changing attitudes towards stigma in these populations or tailoring anti-stigma campaigns (Conner et al., 2010; Eylem et al., 2020) specifically for ethnic minority groups.”
BackgroundSirey, J. A., Franklin, A. J., McKenzie, S., Ghosh, S., & Raue, P. J. (2014) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201200530 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Briggs, R., Tobin, K., Kenny, R. A., & Kennelly, S. (2018) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s104161021700299x · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Du, N., Chong, E. S. K., Wei, D., Liu, Z., Mu, Z., Deng, S., & Huang, Y. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.013 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Pharmacist training in suicide prevention
Painter, N. A., Kuo, G. M., Collins, S. P., Palomino, Y. L., & Lee, K. C. (2018) · Journal of the American Pharmacists Association · doi:10.1016/j.japh.2017.12.007 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Barriers and facilitators to depression screening in older adults: a qualitative study
Colligan, E. M., Cross-Barnet, C., Lloyd, J. T., & McNeely, J. (2020) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2018.1531376 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“For AfricanAmericans, mistrust of the medical system and poor patient-provider communication serve as additional barriers to seeking treatment for depressive symptoms (Conner et al., 2010; Jimenez, Bartels, & Alegria, 2013; Sirey, Franklin, McKenzie, Ghosh, & Raue, 2014).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialA mixed-methods study of social identities in mental health care among LGBTQ young adults of color.
Moore, K. L., Camacho, D., & Spencer-Suarez, K. N. (2021) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/ort0000570 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Tanner, E. K., Martinez, I. L., & Harris, M. (2014) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2014.04.006 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Choi, N. G., DiNitto, D. M., & Marti, C. N. (2015) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/ajad.12225 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
A Qualitative Study of Black Women’s Experiences in Drug Abuse and Mental Health Services
Jones, L. V., Hopson, L. M., Warner, L., Hardiman, E. R., & James, T. (2014) · Affilia · doi:10.1177/0886109914531957 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“…specialty mental health or substance abuse services and to be currently in treatment (Anderson et al., 2006; Borum, 2012; Brown & Palenchar, 2004; Conner et al., 2010; Davis & Ancis, 2012; Mays, Caldwell, & Jackson, 1996; Neal-Barnett & Crowther, 2000; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services…”
BackgroundStorm Impact and Depression Among Older Adults Living in Hurricane Sandy–Affected Areas
Sirey, J. A., Berman, J., Halkett, A. E., Giunta, N., Kerrigan, J., Raeifar, E., Artis, A. S., Banerjee, S., & Raue, P. J. (2016) · Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness · doi:10.1017/dmp.2016.189 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“For older adults in particular, stigma remains a significant barrier to seeking mental health care, notwithstanding logistical challenges such as transportation and limited finances.(42,67,68) By bringing an array of outreach activities, educational talks, and health-related programming directly to senior center membe…”
BackgroundStark, A., Kaduszkiewicz, H., Stein, J., Maier, W., Heser, K., Weyerer, S. B., Werle, J., Wiese, B., Mamone, S., König, H., et al. (2018) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-017-0684-3 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Merritt, M. M., Mccallum, T., & Fritsch, T. (2011) · The American journal of geriatric psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e3181eaffa4 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Higher ADL scores were correlated with longer duration of caregiving (r[52] = 0.”
BackgroundAn Exploratory Study of Attitudes Toward Psychological Help Seeking Among African American Men
Cadaret, M. C., & Speight, S. (2018) · Journal of Black Psychology · doi:10.1177/0095798418774655 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Packness, A., Halling, A., Simonsen, E. H., Waldorff, F. B., & Hastrup, L. H. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023844 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“It could be argued that older people may be more reluctant to use MHC and feel more stigmatised by the need for psychotherapy.(43) 44 We did not find support for this as the Retired group did not differ in perception of Stigma from employed persons.”
BackgroundHow well do older adults recognise mental illness? A literature review
Malkin, G., Hayat, T., Amichai‐Hamburger, Y., Ben‐David, B. M., Regev, T., & Nakash, O. (2019) · Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1111/psyg.12427 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Racial disparities in patient selection for liver transplantation: An ongoing challenge
Jesse, M. T., Abouljoud, M. S., Goldstein, E. D., Rebhan, N., Ho, C., Macaulay, T., Bebanic, M., Shkokani, L., Moonka, D., & Yoshida, A. (2019) · Clinical Transplantation · doi:10.1111/ctr.13714 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Clary, K. L., Pena, S., & Smith, D. C. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01768-7 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“year-old veterans (Conner et al., 2010), those who have been involved in combat in either Iraq or Afghanistan while serving in the Army or Marines (Hoge et al.”
BackgroundSystematic Review and Meta-analysis of Outcome after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Older People
Hume, C. H., Wright, B. J., & Kinsella, G. (2021) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617721000795 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“…explanations for age effects on psychological well-being include generational differences surrounding perceived stigma of mental disorders (Conner et al., 2010), possibly resulting in an unwillingness to report (or even an inability to identify) symptoms of psychological distress…”
BackgroundPreferences for Depression Treatment Among Elderly Home Health Care Patients
Raue, P. J., Weinberger, M. I., Sirey, J. A., Meyers, B. S., & BRUCE, M. L. (2011) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.62.5.pss6205_0532 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Also consistent with this finding, self-stigma but not public stigma was associated with attitudes about mental health treatment among diverse community-dwelling older adults (32).”
Park, S. J., Jeon, H. J., Kim, J. Y., Kim, S., & Roh, S. (2014) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-014-0645-7 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Differences in MHS use between the age group Regarding the difference in MHS use between the age groups, some previous studies have produced varying results among the adolescent, middle-aged, and elderly [10,11,16,18,20,31,32], while others have found that age was not associated with MHS use [27].”
BackgroundResult
- Authors
- Conner, K. O., Copeland, V. C., Grote, N. K., Koeske, G., Rosen, D., Reynolds, C. F., & Brown, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Conner, Kyaien O.
- Venue
- The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-06
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 531-543
- ISSN
- 1064-7481 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2875324
- OpenAlex
- W1990523273
- Cited by
- 568
- References
- 133
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 27.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH067595, P30-MH 71944, P30MH071944, K23MH090151)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Keywords
- mental health treatment seeking, depression, older adults, public stigma, self-stigma, racial differences, African American older adults, help-seeking attitudes, help-seeking intentions, mental health stigma
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Attitude to Health, Black or African American, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health Services, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Stereotyping, White People
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