Feasibility, adherence, and effectiveness of blended psychotherapy for severe mental illnesses: scoping review
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Blended psychotherapy (bPT) combines face-to-face psychotherapy with digital interventions to enhance the effectiveness of mental health treatment. The feasibility and effectiveness of bPT have been demonstrated for various mental health issues, although primarily for patients with higher levels of functioning. OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aims to investigate the feasibility, adherence, and effectiveness of bPT for the treatment of patients with severe mental illnesses (SMIs). METHODS: Following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines, we conducted searches in PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and PsycArticles for studies published until March 23, 2023. RESULTS: Out of 587 screened papers, we incorporated 25 studies encompassing 23 bPT interventions, involving a total of 2554 patients with SMI. The intervention formats and research designs exhibited significant variation. Our findings offer preliminary evidence supporting the feasibility of bPT for SMI, although there is limited research on adherence. Nevertheless, the summarized studies indicated promising attrition rates, spanning from 0% to 37%, implying a potential beneficial impact of bPT on adherence to SMI treatment. The quantity of evidence on the effects of bPT for SMI was limited and challenging to generalize. Among the 15 controlled trials, 4 concluded that bPT interventions were effective compared with controls. However, it is noteworthy that 2 of these studies used the same study population, and the control groups exhibited significant variations. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our review suggests that while bPT appears promising as a treatment method, further research is necessary to establish its effectiveness for SMI. We discuss considerations for clinical implementation, directions, and future research.
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Both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, mixed results were found for blended RCTs outside of Europe in other high-income countries, such as the United States, Japan, and Australia.
“However, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, mixed results were found for blended RCTs outside of Europe in other high-income countries, such as the United States, Japan, and Australia [253341-43undefinedundefined].”
From Needs and Expectations for the myNewWay Blended Digital and Face-to-Face Psychotherapy Model of Care for Depression and Anxiety (Part 2): Participatory Design Study including Mental Health Professionals (2025) · cites this paper as [33]
The Results (Study Characteristics) include Australian studies and identify an Australian study and an Australia–UK collaboration as RCTs. The Results (Efficacy and Effectiveness of bPT for SMI, Table 7) report mixed outcomes for those trials: neither found a significant effect on its primary outcome, but both reported benefits on other measures. The review lists no Japanese studies, classifies its sole US study as an observational pilot rather than an RCT, and does not establish a before-versus-during-COVID pattern for the non-European RCTs. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDifferences between mental health treatment systems could have contributed to mixed results in blended care trials conducted outside Europe.
“Moreover, differences between mental health treatment systems could have contributed to mixed results in blended care trials conducted outside Europe [253341-43undefinedundefined].”
From Needs and Expectations for the myNewWay Blended Digital and Face-to-Face Psychotherapy Model of Care for Depression and Anxiety (Part 2): Participatory Design Study including Mental Health Professionals (2025) · cites this paper as [33]
The Discussion (Principal Findings) describes heterogeneous blended-psychotherapy studies, and the Future Research Agenda recommends examining how treatment components interact with mental health care systems. The Results (Study Characteristics) include studies from Australia and the United States, but the review does not say that differences between treatment systems contributed to mixed results in trials outside Europe. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredResearch evidence indicates that blended care is feasible for treating severe mental illness and may also improve treatment adherence in this population.
“This is despite research evidence indicating that blended care is feasible for treating severe mental illness and may also improve treatment adherence in this population [33].”
Australian research on blended care is limited; preliminary results indicate that blending digital and face-to-face therapy may improve symptoms of depression and anxiety.
“Australian research on blended care is limited; however, preliminary results align with studies in other countries [14,21,22,24] and indicate that blending digital and face-to-face therapy may improve symptoms of depression [49-51] and anxiety [51].”
Blending digital and face-to-face therapy is a promising approach for integrating DMHIs into routine mental health care.
“Blending digital and face-to-face therapy is a promising approach for integrating DMHIs into routine mental health care [14,21,22,24].”
Research on the efficacy and effectiveness of blended care is limited compared to the evidence base for self-guided and guided DMHIs and is confined mainly to Europe and North America.
“However, research on the efficacy and effectiveness of blended care is limited compared to the evidence base for self-guided and guided DMHIs [8,9,23] and is confined mainly to Europe and North America [14,24].”
Most blended care research has been conducted in Europe and North America.
“Given that most blended care research has been conducted in Europe and North America [14,24], conducting research outside these cultural contexts also helps to show which elements of blended care may be universal and which elements are not.”
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“Safety considerations were addressed in 7 studies [41,45,48,54,56,57,60], with 1 study [58] reporting adverse emotions triggered by self-use of the digital application.”
BackgroundBlended Psychotherapy – verzahnte Psychotherapie: Das Beste aus zwei Welten?
Baumeister, H., Grässle, C., Ebert, D. D., & Krämer, L. V. (2018) · PiD - Psychotherapie im Dialog · doi:10.1055/a-0592-0264 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Thase, M. E., Kingdon, D., & Turkington, D. (2014) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20149 · Cited by 58 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Nevertheless, there is limited research on the feasibility and effects of bPT for patients with severe mental illnesses (SMIs) [12,13,22,23], even though there is mounting evidence regarding the effectiveness of psychotherapy for this population [24-28].”
BackgroundMindfulness-based cognitive therapy for bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Xuan, R., Li, X., Qiao, Y., Guo, Q., Liu, X., Deng, W., Hu, Q., Wang, K., & Zhang, L. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113116 · Cited by 56 · cited 1× · see citing works
“On the one side, substantial and increasing evidence supports the effectiveness of face-to-face psychotherapy and psychosocial care for SMI [69-72], although the effects are low to moderate [73,74], and access is often limited due to systemic [75,76] and individual factors [77].”
BackgroundmHealth for schizophrenia spectrum disorders management: A systematic review
Chivilgina, O., Wangmo, T., Elger, B. S., Heinrich, T. W., & Jotterand, F. (2020) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764020933287 · Cited by 55 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Our feasibility results are in line with earlier systematic evidence on the feasibility of eHealth applications for SMI [66,67], as well as with 2 recent reviews on mHealth for patients with SMI, with a focus on monitoring [18] and disorder management applications [68].”
ResultImpact of an acceptance facilitating intervention on psychotherapists' acceptance of blended therapy
Baumeister, H., Terhorst, Y., Grässle, C., Freudenstein, M., Nübling, R., & Ebert, D. D. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0236995 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
CBT for schizophrenia: a critical viewpoint
Jauhar, S., Laws, K. R., & McKenna, P. J. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718004166 · Cited by 52 · cited 1× · see citing works
“On the one side, substantial and increasing evidence supports the effectiveness of face-to-face psychotherapy and psychosocial care for SMI [69-72], although the effects are low to moderate [73,74], and access is often limited due to systemic [75,76] and individual factors [77].”
BackgroundSander, J., Bolinski, F., Diekmann, S., Gäebel, W., Günther, K., Hauth, I., Heinz, A., Kleiboer, A. M., Riper, H. M., Trost, N., et al. (2021) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-021-01251-1 · Cited by 52 · cited 1× · see citing works
“These include heightened exposure to treatment within and beyond the therapy session, fostering patient empowerment in self-management [14], improved consolidation of therapy content [15], enhanced transfer of in-session outcomes into everyday life [16], and the sustenance of therapeutic changes…”
BackgroundNicaise, P., Giacco, D., Soltmann, B., Pfennig, A., Miglietta, E., Lasalvia, A., Welbel, M., Wciórka, J., Bird, V. J., Priebe, S., et al. (2020) · Health Policy · doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2019.11.004 · Cited by 49 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Considering that SMI treatment often entails a long history of patient suffering and cost-intensive multidisciplinary care [29,83,84], the further development and implementation of bPT for SMI treatment presents a significant opportunity.”
BackgroundDuffy, D., Enrique, A., Connell, S., Connolly, C., & Richards, D. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00902 · Cited by 49 · cited 1× · see citing works
“[39,40,42-49,51,52,57,59,61], 11 utilized treatment as usual b Patients fulfilling SMI criteria according to [29].”
MethodCardi, V., Lounes, N., Kan, C., & Treasure, J. L. (2012) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2012.10.004 · Cited by 43 · cited 6× · see citing works
“Among these, 23 papers [ 39-61 39-61 ]”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialJameel, L., Valmaggia, L., Barnes, G., & Cella, M. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.11.033 · Cited by 43 · cited 3× · see citing works
“On the other side, the utilization of digital technology and applications is becoming increasingly common among individuals with SMI, and there is ongoing development of digital health interventions [78], including recent advancements in artificial intelligence for SMI treatment [18,79].”
BackgroundResultJacobi, C., Beintner, I., Fittig, E., Trockel, M., Braks, K., Schade‐Brittinger, C., & Dempfle, A. (2017) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.7668 · Cited by 42 · cited 9× · see citing works
“Among the trials without significant main intervention effects, 5 reported significant effects on secondary outcomes [45,47,48,51,52], indicating potential efficacy.”
InfluentialFitzpatrick, M., Nedeljkovic, M., Abbott, J.-A., Kyrios, M., & Moulding, R. (2018) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2018.02.006 · Cited by 42 · cited 4× · see citing works
“%) studies [41,42,45-50, 55, 58”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialZwerenz, R., Baumgarten, C., Becker, J., Tibubos, A. N., Siepmann, M., Knickenberg, R. J., & Beutel, M. E. (2019) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/13655 · Cited by 42 · cited 8× · see citing works
“%) reported significant effects in favor of the intervention [43,44,46,59], with 2 of them using the same study population [43,44].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialGrubaugh, A. L., Brown, W. J., Wojtalik, J. A., Myers, U. S., & Eack, S. M. (2021) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.20r13584 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Granholm, E. L., Holden, J. L., Dwyer, K., Mikhael, T., Link, P. C., & Depp, C. A. (2020) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/24406 · Cited by 40 · cited 4× · see citing works
“%) digital applications provided opportunities for peer contact, either with known peers from the same treatment group [47,48,55,60] or with a broader peer community for mutual support and inspiration [30,45,46].”
BackgroundInfluentialRasing, S. P. A., Stikkelbroek, Y. A. J., & Bodden, D. H. M. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17010153 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Bielinski, L. L., Trimpop, L., & Berger, T. (2021) · Psychotherapeut · doi:10.1007/s00278-021-00524-3 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Ellis, K. R., Raji, D., Olaniran, M. O., Alick, C. L., Nichols, D., & Allicock, M. A. (2021) · Journal of Cancer Survivorship · doi:10.1007/s11764-021-01013-x · Cited by 30 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Nevertheless, we evaluated the study quality of the selected articles using a quality assessment checklist developed by Ellis and colleagues [38].”
MethodJacob, G. A., Hauer, A., Köhne, S., Assmann, N., Schaich, A., Schweiger, U., & Faßbinder, E. (2018) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/10983 · Cited by 28 · cited 5× · see citing works
“Specifically, Jacob and colleagues [58] and Klein et al [57] used the priovi digital component, Kooistra and colleagues [49,50] used a self-developed i-CBT program, and Zwerenz et al [43,44] used the deprexis digital component.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBielinski, L. L., Trimpop, L. F., & Berger, T. (2021) · Open Access CRIS of the University of Bern · doi:10.48350/164137 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Schuster, R., Fichtenbauer, I., Sparr, V. M., Berger, T., & Laireiter, A.-R. (2018) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018412 · Cited by 23 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…to treatment within and beyond the therapy session, fostering patient empowerment in self-management [14], improved consolidation of therapy content [15], enhanced transfer of in-session outcomes into everyday life [16], and the sustenance of therapeutic changes beyond the acute treatment phase.”
BackgroundKlein, J. P., Hauer, A., Berger, T., Faßbinder, E., Mayer, J., Borgwardt, S., Wellhöfer, B., Schweiger, U., & Jacob, G. A. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047771 · Cited by 23 · cited 5× · see citing works
“Specifically, Jacob and colleagues [58] and Klein et al [57] used the priovi digital component, Kooistra and colleagues [49,50] used a self-developed i-CBT program, and Zwerenz et al [43,44] used the deprexis digital component.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPsychosocial therapies in severe mental illness: update on evidence and recommendations
Gühne, U., Weinmann, S., Riedel-Heller, S. G., & Becker, T. (2020) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000618 · Cited by 19 · cited 2× · see citing works
“On the one side, substantial and increasing evidence supports the effectiveness of face-to-face psychotherapy and psychosocial care for SMI [69-72], although the effects are low to moderate [73,74], and access is often limited due to systemic [75,76] and individual factors [77].”
BackgroundDigital interventions in adult mental healthcare settings: recent evidence and future directions
Dülsen, P., Bendig, E., Küchler, A., Christensen, H. M., & Baumeister, H. (2020) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000614 · Cited by 18 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Nevertheless, there is limited research on the feasibility and effects of bPT for patients with severe mental illnesses (SMIs) [12,13,22,23], even though there is mounting evidence regarding the effectiveness of psychotherapy for this population [24-28].”
BackgroundBeentjes, T. A. A., Goossens, P. J. J., Vermeulen, H., Teerenstra, S., der Sanden, M. W. G. N., & van Gaal, B. G. I. (2018) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-018-3767-5 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Mental Disorder Is a Disability Concept, Not a Behavioral One
Bergner, R. M., & Bunford, N. (2017) · Philosophy, psychiatry & psychology · doi:10.1353/ppp.2017.0004 · Cited by 15 · cited 1× · see citing works
“There is a potential increase in these rates [3,4], placing a substantial burden on individuals [5,6], their families [7], and both economic and public health systems [8].”
BackgroundBlended Treatment for Depressive Disorders in Youth: a Narrative Review
Rasing, S. P. A. (2020) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1007/s41811-020-00088-1 · Cited by 15 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Nevertheless, there is limited research on the feasibility and effects of bPT for patients with severe mental illnesses (SMIs) [12,13,22,23], even though there is mounting evidence regarding the effectiveness of psychotherapy for this population [24-28].”
BackgroundSedgwick, O., Hardy, A., Greer, B., Newbery, K., & Cella, M. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23193 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Bendig, E., Küchler, A.-M., Baumeister, H., & Becker, T. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18189433 · Cited by 14 · cited 1× · see citing works
“[43,44,46-48, 53 Among the bPT studies, the majority (12/23, 52”
Austin, S. F., Frøsig, A. J., Buus, N., Lincoln, T. M., von Malachowski, A., Schlier, B., Frost, M. M., & Simonsen, E. H. (2021) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732320986556 · Cited by 13 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Using participatory research approaches, as demonstrated by Austin et al [41], can help ensure the creation of appropriate and sustainable treatment solutions based on patients’ needs.”
BackgroundMethodBlankers, M., van Emmerik, A., Richters, B., & Dekker, J. (2016) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.07.004 · Cited by 11 · cited 5× · see citing works
“%) digital applications provided opportunities for peer contact, either with known peers from the same treatment group [47,48,55,60] or with a broader peer community for mutual support and inspiration [30,45,46].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSeverity and the Treatment of Depression
Zimmerman, M. A. (2019) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000960 · Cited by 11 · cited 1× · see citing works
“On the one side, substantial and increasing evidence supports the effectiveness of face-to-face psychotherapy and psychosocial care for SMI [69-72], although the effects are low to moderate [73,74], and access is often limited due to systemic [75,76] and individual factors [77].”
BackgroundO'Connor, L. K., & Yanos, P. T. (2021) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102026 · Cited by 11 · cited 2× · see citing works
“On the one side, substantial and increasing evidence supports the effectiveness of face-to-face psychotherapy and psychosocial care for SMI [69-72], although the effects are low to moderate [73,74], and access is often limited due to systemic [75,76] and individual factors [77].”
BackgroundBeentjes, T. A. A., van Gaal, B. G. I., Vermeulen, H., der Sanden, M. W. G. N., & Goossens, P. J. J. (2020) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/20860 · Cited by 6 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Individuals with SMI, marked by considerable limitations in intrapersonal and social functioning [24,29], frequently necessitate long-term, intensive, multidisciplinary treatment and care, which can be financially burdensome [30,31].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialDoes it blend? Exploring therapist fidelity in blended CBT for anxiety disorders
Romijn, G., Provoost, S., Batelaan, N. M., Koning, J., van Balkom, A. J. L. M., & Riper, H. M. (2021) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2021.100418 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Netter, A.-L., Beintner, I., & Brakemeier, E. (2022) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/35482 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Beintner, I., & Jacobi, C. (2019) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2018.11.004 · Cited by 2 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Adherence addresses participants’engagement and compliance with the bPT treatment [62,63].”
Background
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 99 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [25]Gaynes B Brown C Lux LJ Sheitman B Ashok M Boland E Morgan L Swinson-Evans T Whitener L Viswanathan M Relationship Between Use of Quality Measures and Improved Outcomes in Serious Mental Illness (Report No.: 15-EHC003-EF) 2015 1 Rockville, MD Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 25654159
- [63]Haynes RB Taylor DW Sackett DL Adherence in Health Care 1979 Baltimore, MD Johns Hopkins University Press
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Buhr, E., Onder, O., Rudra, P., & Ursin, F. (2025) · Ethics and Information Technology · doi:10.1007/s10676-025-09867-w · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Typically, AI-driven chatbots are employed within the framework of blended treatment, where traditional psychotherapy is augmented by AI applications (Ehrt-Schäfer et al., 2023).”
E-Mental Health Interventions in Inpatient Care: Scoping Review
Diel, A., Schröter, I. C., Robitzsch, A., Jansen, C., Teufel, M., & Bäuerle, A. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/65947 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Ehrt-Schäfer et al [110] also found promise for blended psychotherapy yet cautioned against generalizations.”
Wälchli, G., Berger, T., Nissen, C., Moggi, F., & Bielinski, L. L. (2024) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116326 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Miller, R. K., O'Moore, K., Kikas, K., Matheson, J.-A. T., Whitton, A. E., Baldwin, P., Li, S., Black, M., Kampel, L., Cockayne, N., et al. (2025) · JMIR Human Factors · doi:10.2196/68789 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“However, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, mixed results were found for blended RCTs outside of Europe in other high-income countries, such as the United States, Japan, and Australia [25,33,41-43].”
InfluentialKikas, K., O'Moore, K., Miller, R. K., Matheson, J.-A. T., Li, S., Varghese, K., Baldwin, P., Cockayne, N., Whitton, A. E., & Newby, J. M. (2025) · JMIR Human Factors · doi:10.2196/69499 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Given that most blended care research has been conducted in Europe and North America [14,24], conducting research outside these cultural contexts also helps to show which elements of blended care may be universal and which elements are not.”
InfluentialJakab, M. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-07906-9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Recent research ranges from the applicability for specific disorders (Ehrt-Schäfer et al., 2023; Pauley et al., 2023; Wang et al., 2023) to certain client groups (Sriati et al., 2023) and the integration within particular therapy traditions (Sani & Bacqué, 2023; Rodgers et al., 2024).”
Bielinski, L. L., Wälchli, G., Lange, A., von Känel, E., Demel, L. K., Nissen, C., Moggi, F., & Berger, T. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-06365-z · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“In general, research on the feasibility of BT for severe mental disorders is still at an early stage [7].”
InfluentialRobitzsch, R., Lalgi, T. J., Diel, A., Menningmann, S. S. G., Gresser, L. A., Wollenberg, P. J., Teufel, M., Bäuerle, A., & Robitzsch, A. (2026) · JMIR Medical Education · doi:10.2196/82830 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“The corresponding data seems promising [82], and some even appear better than traditional therapy [83].”
Witte, N. A. J. D., Buelens, F., Apolinário-Hagen, J., & Daele, T. V. (2025) · Clinical Psychology in Europe · doi:10.32872/cpe.16235 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“A blended care model can vary greatly in implemented therapeutic approach, objectives, and digital and face-to-face component features, which poses challenges for defining the concept and evaluating effectiveness (Ehrt-Schäfer et al., 2023; Singh et al., 2022).”
The present and future of blended care: current research and introduction to the B-FIT framework
Bielinski, L. L., Büscher, R., Hennemann, S., Henning, C., Kohl, S. H., Meyer, C., Reinhold, A. S., Steubl, L., Titzler, I., Vogel, L., et al. (2026) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-026-02526-4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“BC empowers patients ’ self-management and autonomy and can enhance the transfer of therapeutic content into daily life 8,11,47,48 , which may reinforce patients and therapists to use BC. Barriers to implementation include limited access to patients ’ digital treatment progress 49 , technical…”
Behdinan, T., Truuvert, A. K., Adekunte, A., McCallum, N., Vigod, S. N., Butt, A., Rojas, D., Soklaridis, S., & Ross, D. (2024) · Telemedicine Reports · doi:10.1089/tmr.2024.0020 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“27,28 These blended interventions show promise in the treatment of mental health issues, including PTSD, however, the majority of studies on blended e-health interventions for trauma tend to evaluate cognitive behavioral therapy-based strategies and do not speci fi cally focus on people with a…”
Parpottas, P. (2025) · Psychology International · doi:10.3390/psycholint7010010 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Rugendo, E., Lyimo, G. S., Daya, R., Githinji, M., Kashamba, K., Njoki, F., Yusufu, I., Osborn, T., Chase, R. P., Sando, M., et al. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-03837-z · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Kneubühler, A. M., von Känel, E., Grgić, K., Munkovic, E., Berger, T., & Bielinski, L. L. (2026) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/78079 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…again in part be related to a lack of knowledge on BT, as studies have shown that digitally delivered interventions can also be successful as add-ons to treatment as usual for patients with schizo-phrenia-spectrum disorders [29] and that BT can be feasible for severe mental health disorders [30].”
Hegedüs, A., Hasler, M., & Scheydt, S. (2025) · International Journal of Health Professions · doi:10.2478/ijhp-2025-0013 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“For example, the use of digital tools and e-mental health — key for improving access, reducing wait times, and supporting self-management — remains underrepresented (Ehrt-Schafer et al., 2023).”
Salgado, J., Gomes, M., Csabai, M., Daele, T. V., Doyle, F., Eimontas, J., Elster, R. N., Gosar, D., Haddouk, L., Karekla, M., et al. (2026) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000588 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Miller, R. K., O’Moore, K., Kikas, K., Matheson, J.-A. T., Whitton, A. E., Baldwin, P. A., Li, S. H., Black, M., Kampel, L., Cockayne, N. L., et al. (2024) · doi:10.2196/preprints.68789 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Use of digital devices and applications by people with severe mental illness in SwitzerlandPreprint
Richter, D., Schwarze, T., & Kurpicz-Briki, M. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/n8t6h
Adherence to wearables by people with severe mental illness in Switzerland: Time-use studyPreprint
Richter, D., Hasler, M., & Kurpicz-Briki, M. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/bjzrh
The concept of the digital therapeutic garden and its psychological effects
Lee, J., Yang, Y., Pyo, J.-E., Kim, Y.-S., Choi, K., Kang, S.-K., Nam, S.-H., Song, Y.-J., Jeoun, B.-G., & Park, S. H. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1534541
Yap, L. K., Ennis, E., Mulvenna, M. D., & Carracedo, J. M. (2026) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2026.2696826
Psychotherapeutic Competencies in Blended Care Psychotherapy: Development of a Competence Framework
Weiher, G. M., Woide, M. N., Zirenko, M. S., Tremmel, M., Stangier, U., & Horz, H. (2026) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/100125
“The integration of digital elements into psychotherapy is commonly referred to as blended care psychotherapy (BCP), which denotes a combination of traditional face-to-face treatment with digital modalities [1-5].”
Pan, M., Zhang, S., Zhao, M., Zhang, L., Li, H., Liu, L., Wang, Y., & Qian, Q. (2026) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547261483459
- Authors
- Ehrt-Schäfer, Y., Rusmir, M., Vetter, J., Seifritz, E., Müller, M., & Kleim, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Venue
- JMIR Mental Health
- Publisher
- JMIR Publications Inc.
- Published
- 2023-12-26
- Volume
- 10
- Pages
- e43882
- ISSN
- 2368-7959 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10777283
- OpenAlex
- W4388157440
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 6
- FWCI
- 0.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- JMIR Mental Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Funders
- Universität Zürich
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- severe mental illness, digital interventions, feasibility, medication adherence, attrition, treatment effectiveness, face-to-face psychotherapy, clinical implementation
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Feasibility Studies, Humans, Psychotherapy, MEDLINE, Control Groups
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