The origin of short-period comets
Abstract
The authors present the key results of an extensive series of numerical simulations of the evolution of comet orbits due to the gravitational perturbations of the giant planets. The results show that the inclination distribution of comets with large perihelion (q ≤ 30 AU) that evolve to observable comets (i.e., those with q ≤ 1.5 AU) is approximately preserved. Thus, the short-period (SP) comets, which are mostly in prograde, low-inclination orbits, cannot arise from gravitational scattering of any spherical population of comets (such as the Oort cloud). However, the distribution of orbital elements of SP comets arising from a population of low-inclination Neptune-crossing comets is in excellent agreement with observations. It is concluded that the SP comets arise from a cometary belt in the outer solar system.
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Planet Nine can affect the inclination dispersion of Jupiter-Family comets, which are sourced from the trans-Neptunian region.
“In this way, Planet Nine can a ect not only the orbital properties of the Kuiper belt itself, but the inclination dispersion of Jupiter-Family comets, which are sourced from the trans-Neptunian region (Duncan et al., 1988).”
From The planet nine hypothesis (2019) · cites this paper as Duncan et al., 1988
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- Authors
- Duncan, M., Quinn, T., & Tremaine, S.
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 1988-05
- Volume
- 328
- Pages
- L69
- ISSN
- 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4357
- OpenAlex
- W1986062287
- Cited by
- 372
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 28.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Astrophysical Journal (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Space Satellite Systems and Control
- Keywords
- short-period comets, comet origin, gravitational perturbations, giant planets, Oort cloud, orbital inclination distribution, perihelion distance
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