Population studies. I - The Bidelman-MacConnell 'weak-metal' stars

Norris, J.; Bessell, M. S.; Pickles, A. J.

doi:10.1086/191049

Cited by 170Stellar, planetary, and galactic studiesGalaxies: Formation, Evolution, PhenomenaAstrophysics and Star Formation Studies

Population studies. I - The Bidelman-MacConnell 'weak-metal' stars

Norris, J., Bessell, M. S., Pickles, A. J.·1985·The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series

DOI 10.1086/191049

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

BVRI and DDO photometry together with kinematic data are presented for the spectroscopically chosen sample of Bidelman-MacConnell (BM) "weak-metal" stars. Analysis yields chemical abundances and space motions, which are compared with those of the kinematically selected sample of Eggen, Lynden-Bell, and Sandage (ELS). The BM sample appears to contain a significant proportion of low-abundance, low-eccentricity objects, in contrast to the results of ELS (≡ 20% of BM objects with [Fe/H] ≤ -1 have e ≤ 0.4). The velocity dispersion of such stars perpendicular to the galactic plane is 60±9 km s-1. Finally, for stars with [Fe/H] ≤ -1.2 the velocity ellipsoid is described by σu = 125±11, σv = 96±9, σw = 88±7 km s-1.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1086/191049

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The thick disk has a significant metal-weak tail, often referred to as the metal-weak thick disk.
“It also has a very significant tail, which is often referred to as the metalweak thick disk (Norris et al. 1985, Morrison et al. 1990, Morrison 1993, Beers et al. 2002).”
From Streams, Substructures, and the Early History of the Milky Way (2020) · cites this paper as Norris et al. 1985

Still being checked.

Sorted by citations

Co-formation of the disc and the stellar halo★
Belokurov, V, Erkal, D., Evans, N. W., Koposov, S. E., & Deason, A. J. (2018) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty982 · Cited by 1,020 · see citing works
Kinematics of Metal-poor Stars in the Galaxy. III. Formation of the Stellar Halo and Thick Disk as Revealed from a Large Sample of Nonkinematically Selected Stars
Chiba, M., & Beers, T. C. (2000) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/301409 · Cited by 690 · see citing works
Debris streams in the solar neighbourhood as relicts from the formation of the Milky Way
Helmi, A., White, S. D. M., de Zeeuw, P. T., & Zhao, H. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/46980 · Cited by 596 · see citing works
STRUCTURE AND KINEMATICS OF THE STELLAR HALOS AND THICK DISKS OF THE MILKY WAY BASED ON CALIBRATION STARS FROM SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY DR7
Carollo, D., Beers, T. C., Chiba, M., Norris, J. E., Freeman, K. C., Lee, Y. S., Ivezić, Ž., Rockosi, C. M., & Yanny, B. (2010) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/712/1/692 · Cited by 479 · see citing works
Self-citation
A SEARCH FOR STARS OF VERY LOW METAL ABUNDANCE. VI. DETAILED ABUNDANCES OF 313 METAL-POOR STARS
Roederer, I. U., Preston, G. W., Thompson, I. B., Shectman, S. A., Sneden, C. A., Burley, G., & Kelson, D. D. (2014) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-6256/147/6/136 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Standard Photometric Systems
Bessell, M. S. (2005) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.41.082801.100251 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Galactic Thick Disk Stellar Abundances
Prochaska, J. X., Naumov, S. O., Carney, B. W., McWilliam, A., & Wolfe, A. M. (2000) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/316818 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
A Low‐Latitude Halo Stream around the Milky Way
Yanny, B., Newberg, H. J., Grebel, E. K., Kent, S., Odenkirchen, M., Rockosi, C. M., Schlegel, D. J., SubbaRao, M. U., Brinkmann, J., Fukugita, M., et al. (2003) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/374220 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Streams, Substructures, and the Early History of the Milky Way
Helmi, A. (2020) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-032620-021917 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
From dawn till disc: Milky Way’s turbulent youth revealed by the APOGEE+ Gaia data
Belokurov, V. A., & Kravtsov, A. V. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1267 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Kinematics of Metal-poor Stars in the Galaxy. II. Proper Motions for a Large Nonkinematically Selected Sample
Beers, T. C., Chiba, M., Yoshii, Y., Platais, I., Hanson, R. B., Fuchs, B., & Rossi, S. (2000) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/301410 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Spectroscopic Binaries, Velocity Jitter, and Rotation in Field Metal-poor Red Giant and Red Horizontal-Branch Stars
Carney, B. W., Latham, D. W., Stefanik, R. P., Laird, J. B., & Morse, J. A. (2003) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/345386 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Bright Metal‐poor Stars from the Hamburg/ESO Survey. I. Selection and Follow‐up Observations from 329 Fields
Frebel, A., Christlieb, N., Norris, J. E., Beers, T. C., Bessell, M. S., Rhee, J., Fechner, C., Marsteller, B., Rossi, S., Thom, C., et al. (2006) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/508506 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Self-citation
CHEMICAL ENRICHMENT IN THE FAINTEST GALAXIES: THE CARBON AND IRON ABUNDANCE SPREADS IN THE BOÖTES I DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXY AND THE SEGUE 1 SYSTEM
Norris, J. E., Wyse, R. F. G., Gilmore, G. F., Yong, D., Frebel, A., Wilkinson, M. I., Belokurov, V., & Zucker, D. B. (2010) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/723/2/1632 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Self-citation
Abundances of Na, Mg and Al in nearby metal-poor stars
Gehren, T., Liang, Y.-C., Shi, J.-R., Zhang, H.-W., & Zhao, G. (2004) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20031582 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Galactic Stellar Populations in the Era of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and Other Large Surveys
Ivezić, Ž., Beers, T. C., & Jurić, M. (2012) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-081811-125504 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Spectrophotometry: Revised Standards and Techniques
Bessell, M. S. (1999) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1086/316454 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Self-citation
Halo Star Streams in the Solar Neighborhood
Kepley, A. A., Morrison, H. L., Helmi, A., Kinman, T. D., Van Duyne, J., Martin, J. C., Harding, P., Norris, J. E., & Freeman, K. C. (2007) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/521429 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citation
Mg, Ba and Eu abundances in thick disk and halo stars
Mashonkina, L., Gehren, T., Travaglio, C., & Borkova, T. (2002) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20021512 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Formation of the Galactic Stellar Halo. I. Structure and Kinematics
Bekki, K., & Chiba, M. (2001) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/322300 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Bright metal-poor stars from the Hamburg/ESO survey I: selection and follow-up observations from 329 fields
Frebel, A., Christlieb, N., Norris, J. E., Beers, T. C., Bessell, M. S., Rhee, J., Fechner, C., Marsteller, B., Rossi, S., Thom, C., et al. (2006) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · doi:10.25916/sut.26287528.v1 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citation
THE SEGUE K GIANT SURVEY. II. A CATALOG OF DISTANCE DETERMINATIONS FOR THE SEGUE K GIANTS IN THE GALACTIC HALO
Xue, X.-X., Ma, Z., Rix, H., Morrison, H., Harding, P., Beers, T. C., Ivans, I. I., Jacobson, H. R., Johnson, J. A., Lee, Y. S., et al. (2014) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/784/2/170 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Early Evolution of the Galactic Halo Revealed from [ITAL]Hipparcos[/ITAL] Observations of Metal-poor Stars
Chiba, M., & Yoshii, Y. (1998) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/300177 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Analysis of RR Lyrae Stars in the Northern Sky Variability Survey
Kinemuchi, K., Smith, H. A., Woźniak, P. R., & McKay, T. A. (2006) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/506198 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Metal Abundances and Kinematics of Bright Metal-poor Giants Selected from the LSE Survey: Implications for the Metal-weak Thick Disk
Beers, T. C., Drilling, J. S., Rossi, S., Chiba, M., Rhee, J., Führmeister, B., Norris, J. E., & von Hippel, T. (2002) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/341377 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citation
The R-Process Alliance: A Comprehensive Abundance Analysis of HD 222925, a Metal-poor Star with an Extreme R-process Enhancement of [Eu/H] = −0.14*
Roederer, I. U., Sakari, C. M., Placco, V. M., Beers, T. C., Ezzeddine, R., Frebel, A., & Hansen, T. T. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aadd92 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Constraining the structure and formation of the Galactic bulge from a field in its outskirts
Uttenthaler, S., Schultheis, M., Nataf, D. M., Robin, A. C., Lebzelter, T., & Chen, B. (2012) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219055 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
FASHIONABLY LATE? BUILDING UP THE MILKY WAY'S INNER HALO
Morrison, H., Helmi, A., Sun, J., Liu, P., Gu, R., Norris, J. E., Harding, P., Kinman, T. D., Kepley, A. A., Freeman, K. C., et al. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/694/1/130 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citation
POPULATION STUDIES. XIII. A NEW ANALYSIS OF THE BIDELMAN-MACCONNELL “WEAK-METAL” STARS—CONFIRMATION OF METAL-POOR STARS IN THE THICK DISK OF THE GALAXY
Beers, T. C., Norris, J. E., Placco, V. M., Lee, Y. S., Rossi, S., Carollo, D., & Masseron, T. (2014) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/794/1/58 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citation
Fast-rotating nearby solar-type stars
Cutispoto, G., Pastori, L., Pasquini, L., Medeiros, J. R. D., Tagliaferri, G., & Andersen, J. (2002) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020040 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
In the thick of it: metal-poor disc stars in RAVE
Kordopatis, G., Gilmore, G. F., Wyse, R. F. G., Steinmetz, M., Siebert, A., Bienaymé, O., McMillan, P. J., Minchev, I., Zwitter, T., Gibson, B. K., et al. (2013) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1804 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Keck NIRSPEC Infrared OH Lines: Oxygen Abundances in Metal‐poor Stars down to [Fe/H] = −2.9
Meléndez, J., & Barbuy, B. (2002) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/341142 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
TheGaia-ESO Survey: characterisation of the [α/Fe] sequences in the Milky Way discs
Kordopatis, G., Wyse, R. F. Ġ., Gilmore, G. F., Recio-Blanco, A., de Laverny, P., Hill, V., Adibekyan, V., Heiter, U., Minchev, I., Famaey, B., et al. (2015) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201526258 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Deep SDSS optical spectroscopy of distant halo stars
Prieto, C. A., Fernández-Alvar, E., Schlesinger, K. J., Lee, Y. S., Morrison, H. L., Schneider, D. P., Beers, T. C., Bizyaev, D., Ebelke, G., Malanushenko, E., et al. (2014) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201424053 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
THE MOST METAL-POOR STARS. I. DISCOVERY, DATA, AND ATMOSPHERIC PARAMETERS
Norris, J. E., Bessell, M. S., Yong, D., Christlieb, N., Barklem, P. S., Asplund, M., Murphy, S. J., Beers, T. C., Frebel, A., & Ryan, S. G. (2012) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/762/1/25 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citation
Galactic kinematics with RAVE data
Veltz, L., Bienaymé, O., Freeman, K. C., Binney, J. J., Bland‐Hawthorn, J., Gibson, B. K., Gilmore, G. F., Grebel, E. K., Helmi, A., Munari, U., et al. (2008) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20066948 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
The formation of the Milky Way halo and its dwarf satellites; a NLTE-1D abundance analysis
Mashonkina, L. I., Jablonka, P., Pakhomov, Y. V., Sitnova, T. M., & North, P. (2017) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201730779 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
On the Use of [N[CLC]a[/CLC]/F[CLC]e[/CLC]] and [α/F[CLC]e[/CLC]] Ratios and [ITAL]Hipparcos[/ITAL]-based ([ITAL]U[/ITAL], [ITAL]V[/ITAL], [ITAL]W[/ITAL]) Velocities as Age Indicators among Low-Metallicity Halo Field Giants
Hanson, R. B., Sneden, C. A., Kraft, R. P., & Fulbright, J. P. (1998) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/300523 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
LA SILLA QUEST RR LYRAE STAR SURVEY: REGION I
Zinn, R., Horowitz, B., Vivas, A. K., Baltay, C., Ellman, N., Hadjiyska, E., Rabinowitz, D., & Miller, L. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/781/1/22 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
The Canada–France Imaging Survey: Reconstructing the Milky Way Star Formation History from Its White Dwarf Population
Fantin, N., Côté, P., McConnachie, A. W., Bergeron, P., Cuillandre, J., Gwyn, S., Ibata, R., Thomas, G. F., Carlberg, R. G., Fabbro, S., et al. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab5521 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Blue Horizontal-Branch Stars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. II. Kinematics of the Galactic Halo
Sirko, E., Goodman, J., Knapp, G. R., Brinkmann, J., Ivezić, Ž., Knerr, E. J., Schlegel, D. J., Schneider, D. P., & York, D. G. (2004) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/381486 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
The R-process Alliance: A Nearly Complete R-process Abundance Template Derived from Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the R-process-enhanced Metal-poor Star HD 222925
Roederer, I., Lawler, J., Hartog, E. D. D., Placco, V., Surman, R., Beers, T., Ezzeddine, R., Frebel, A., Hansen, T., Hattori, K., et al. (2022) · Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac5cbc · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Kinematics of the local disk from the RAVE survey and the Gaia first data release
Robin, A. C., Bienaymé, O., Fernández-Trincado, J. G., & Reylé, C. (2017) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201630217 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Disentangling the Galactic Halo with APOGEE. II. Chemical and Star Formation Histories for the Two Distinct Populations
Fernández-Alvar, E., Carigi, L., Schuster, W. J., Hayes, C. R., Ávila-Vergara, N., Majewski, S. R., Allende Prieto, C., Beers, T. C., Sánchez, S. F., Zamora, O., et al. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa9ced · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Reviving old controversies: is the early Galaxy flat or round?
Matteo, P. D., Spite, M., Haywood, M., Bonifacio, P., Gómez, A., Spite, F., & Caffau, E. (2020) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201937016 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Benchmark stars forGaiaFundamental properties of the Population II star HD 140283 from interferometric, spectroscopic, and photometric data
Creevey, O. L., Thévenin, F., Bério, P., Heiter, U., von Braun, K., Mourard, D., Bigot, L., Boyajian, T. S., Kervella, P., Morel, P., et al. (2014) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201424310 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Dynamically Tagged Groups of Very Metal-poor Halo Stars from the HK and Hamburg/ESO Surveys
Limberg, G., Rossi, S., Beers, T. C., Perottoni, H. D., Pérez-Villegas, Á., Santucci, R. M., Abuchaim, Y., Placco, V. M., Lee, Y. S., Christlieb, N., et al. (2021) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abcb87 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citation
Oxygen Abundances in Metal‐poor Stars
Fulbright, J. P., & Johnson, J. A. (2003) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/377443 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
The Detection of Low Eu Abundances in Extremely Metal-poor Stars and the Origin of r -Process Elements
Ishimaru, Y., Wanajo, S., Aoki, W., & Ryan, S. G. (2003) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/381496 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
A Comparison of the Chemical Evolutionary Histories of the Galactic Thin Disk and Thick Disk Stellar Populations
Brewer, M.-M., & Carney, B. W. (2006) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/498110 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Mg, Ba and Eu abundances in thick disk and halo stars
Mashonkina, L. I., Gehren, T., Travaglio, C., & Borkova, T. V. (2002) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Kinematics and Metallicity of Stars in the Solar Region
Eggen, O. J. (1998) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/300350 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
A Dynamical and Kinematic Model of the Galactic Stellar Halo and Possible Implications for Galaxy Formation Scenarios
Sommer‐Larsen, J., Beers, T. C., Flynn, C., Wilhelm, R., & Christensen, P. R. (1997) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/304081 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
The Palomar Testbed Interferometer Calibrator Catalog
van Belle, G., van Belle, G., Creech-Eakman, M. J., Coyne, J., Boden, A. F., Akeson, R., Ciardi, D. R., Rykoski, K. M., Thompson, R. R., & Lane, B. F. (2008) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/526548 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Exploring Halo Substructure with Giant Stars. VI. Extended Distributions of Giant Stars around the Carina Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy: How Reliable Are They?
Majewski, S. R., Frinchaboy, P. M., Kunkel, W. E., Link, R. P., Muñoz, R. R., Ostheimer, J. C., Palma, C., Patterson, R. J., & Geisler, D. (2005) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/444535 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
THE CENTURY SURVEY GALACTIC HALO PROJECT. III. A COMPLETE 4300 DEG 2 SURVEY OF BLUE HORIZONTAL BRANCH STARS IN THE METAL-WEAK THICK DISK AND INNER HALO
Brown, W. R., Beers, T. C., Wilhelm, R., Prieto, C. A., Geller, M. J., Kenyon, S. J., & Kurtz, M. J. (2008) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-6256/135/2/564 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
On the detection of chemically peculiar stars using $\mathsf{\Delta}$a photometry
Paunzen, E., Stütz, C., & Maitzen, H. M. (2005) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20053001 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
BRIGHT METAL-POOR STARS FROM THE HAMBURG/ESO SURVEY. II. A CHEMODYNAMICAL ANALYSIS
Beers, T. C., Placco, V. M., Carollo, D., Rossi, S., Lee, Y. S., Frebel, A., Norris, J. E., Dietz, S., & Masseron, T. (2017) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/835/1/81 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citation
The chemical evolution of the Galaxy
Gilmore, G. F., & Wyse, R. F. Ġ. (1986) · Nature · doi:10.1038/322806a0 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Halo Star Streams in the Solar Neighborhood
Kepley, A. A., Morrison, H., Helmi, A., Kinman, T. D., Duyne, J. V., Martin, J. C., Harding, P., Norris, J. E., & Freeman, K. C. (2007) · University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citation
ORIGINS OF THE THICK DISK AS TRACED BY THE ALPHA ELEMENTS OF METAL-POOR GIANT STARS SELECTED FROM RAVE
Ruchti, G. R., Fulbright, J. P., Wyse, R. F. G., Gilmore, G. F., Bienaymé, O., Binney, J., Bland-Hawthorn, J., Campbell, R., Freeman, K. C., Gibson, B. K., et al. (2010) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.1088/2041-8205/721/2/l92 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Exploring the Galaxy’s halo and very metal-weak thick disc with SkyMapper and Gaia DR2
Cordoni, G., Costa, G. S. D., Yong, D., Mackey, D., Marino, A. F., Monty, S., Nordlander, T., Norris, J. E., Asplund, M., Bessell, M. S., et al. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3417 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Structure of the Galactic Halo
Hartwick, F. D. A. (1987) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3925-7_12 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
A Comparison of the Chemical Evolutionary Histories of the Galactic Thin Disk and Thick Disk Stellar PopulationsPreprint
Brewer, M.-M., & Carney, B. W. (2005) · Cited by 51 · see citing works
The Atari Disk, a Metal-poor Stellar Population in the Disk System of the Milky Way
Mardini, M. K., Frebel, A., Chiti, A., Meiron, Y., Brauer, K., & Ou, X. (2022) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac8102 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
A New Analysis of RR Lyrae Kinematics in the Solar Neighborhood
Martin, J. C., & Morrison, H. (1998) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/300568 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Spectroscopic Studies of Extremely Metal‐Poor Stars with the Subaru High Dispersion Spectrograph. I. Observational Data
Honda, S., Aoki, W., Ando, H., Izumiura, H., Kajino, T., Kambe, E., Kawanomoto, S., Noguchi, K., Okita, K., Sadakane, K., et al. (2004) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/383201 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Most Metal-Poor Stars. I. Discovery, Data, and Atmospheric ParametersPreprint
Frebel, A., Norris, J. E., Bessell, M. S., Yong, D., Christlieb, N., Barklem, P. S., Asplund, M., Murphy, S. J., Beers, T. C., & Ryan, S. G. (2012) · DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citation
Galactic kinematics with RAVE data: I. The distribution of stars towards the Galactic poles
Veltz, L., Bienaymé, O., Freeman, K. C., Binney, J. J., Bland‐Hawthorn, J., Gibson, B. K., Gilmore, G. F., Grebel, E. K., Helmi, A., Munari, U., et al. (2008) · University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.0801.2120 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Constraining the structure and formation of the Galactic bulge from a field in its outskirts. FLAMES-GIRAFFE spectra of about 400 red giants around (l,b)=(0°,-10°)Preprint
Uttenthaler, S., Schultheis, M., Nataf, D. M., Robin, A. C., Lebzelter, T., & Chen, B. (2012) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1206.3469 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
The dynamically selected stellar halo of the Galaxy withGaiaand the tilt of the velocity ellipsoid
Posti, L., Helmi, A., Veljanoski, J., & Breddels, M. A. (2018) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201732277 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Dynamically Tagged Groups of Very Metal-poor Halo Stars from the HK and Hamburg/ESO Surveys
Limberg, G., Rossi, S., Beers, T. C., Perottoni, H. D., Pérez-Villegas, Á., Santucci, R. M., Abuchaim, Y., Placco, V. M., Lee, Y. S., Christlieb, N., et al. (2021) · DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citation
A New Model for the Evolution of Light Elements in an Inhomogeneous Galactic Halo
Suzuki, T. K., & Yoshii, Y. (2001) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/319049 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Investigation of the ELAIS field by Vega photometry: absolute magnitude-dependent Galactic model parameters
Bilir, S., Karaali, S., & Gilmore, G. F. (2006) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.09891.x · Cited by 42 · see citing works
ORIGINS OF THE THICK DISK AS TRACED BY THE ALPHA ELEMENTS OF METAL-POOR GIANT STARS SELECTED FROM RAVEPreprint
Ruchti, G., Fulbright, J., Wyse, R., Gilmore, G., Bienaymé, O., Binney, J., Bland-Hawthorn, J., Campbell, R., Freeman, K., Gibson, B., et al. (2010) · Cited by 42 · see citing works
A charge-coupled device study of high-latitude Galactic structure: testing the model parameters
Karaali, S., Ak, S., Bilir, S., Karataş, Y., & Gilmore, G. F. (2003) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06743.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
THE SEGUE K GIANT SURVEY. III. QUANTIFYING GALACTIC HALO SUBSTRUCTURE
Janesh, W., Morrison, H., Ma, Z., Rockosi, C. M., Starkenburg, E., Xue, X.-X., Rix, H., Harding, P., Beers, T. C., Johnson, J. A., et al. (2016) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/0004-637x/816/2/80 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Exploring Halo Substructure with Giant Stars. VI. Extended Distributions of Giant Stars Around the Carina Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy -- How Reliable Are They?
Majewski, S. R., Frinchaboy, P. M., Kunkel, W. E., Link, R. P., Muñoz, R. R., Ostheimer, J. C., Palma, C., Patterson, R. J., & Geisler, D. (2005) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The Galactic Thick Disk – Status
Norris, J. E. (1999) · Astrophysics and Space Science · doi:10.1023/a:1002180131034 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citation
The impact of early massive mergers on the chemical evolution of Milky Way-like galaxies: insights from NIHAO-UHD simulations
Buck, T., Obreja, A., Ratcliffe, B., Lu, Y., Minchev, I., & Macciò, A. V. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1503 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Discovery of the local counterpart of disc galaxies at z > 4: The oldest thin disc of the Milky Way usingGaia-RVS
Nepal, S., Chiappini, C., Queiroz, A. B. A., Guiglion, G., Montalbán, J., Steinmetz, M., Miglio, A., & Khalatyan, A. (2024) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202449445 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Ca [CSC]ii[/CSC] H and K Photometry on the [ITAL]uvby[/ITAL] System. III. The Metallicity Calibration for the Red Giants
Anthony-Twarog, B. J., & Twarog, B. A. (1998) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/300570 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
A Search for Stars of Very Low Metal Abundance. IV. [ITAL][CLC]uvbyCa[/CLC][/ITAL] Observations of Metal-weak Candidates from the Northern HK Survey
Anthony-Twarog, B. J., Sarajedini, A., Twarog, B. A., & Beers, T. C. (2000) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/301407 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The Pristine survey XIII: uncovering the very metal-poor tail of the thin disc
Fernández-Alvar, E., Kordopatis, G., Hill, V., Starkenburg, E., Viswanathan, A., Martin, N. F., Thomas, G. F., Navarro, J. F., Malhan, K., Sestito, F., et al. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2617 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
New Metallicity Calibration Down to [Fe/H] = −2.75 dex
Karaali, S., Bilir, S., Karataş, Y., & Ak, S. (2003) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia · doi:10.1071/as02028 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
On the existence of a very metal-poor disc in the Milky Way
Zhang, H., Arentsen, A., & Belokurov, V. A. (2024) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stae1887 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
La Silla QUEST RR Lyrae Star Survey: Region IPreprint
Miller, L. (2016) · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Where are the halo stars?
Fuhrmann, K. (2002) · New Astronomy · doi:10.1016/s1384-1076(02)00101-x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Galactic Chemical Evolution
Pagel, B. E. J. (1987) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3925-7_16 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
The formation and survival of the Milky Way’s oldest stellar disk
Xiang, M., Rix, H., Yang, H., Liu, J., Huang, Y., & Frankel, N. (2024) · Nature Astronomy · doi:10.1038/s41550-024-02382-w · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Chemical Evolution of R-process Elements in Stars (CERES)
Lombardo, L., Bonifacio, P., François, P., Hansen, C. J., Caffau, E., Hanke, M., Skúladóttir, Á., Arcones, A., Eichler, M., Reichert, M., et al. (2022) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243932 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
CD-62°1346: an extreme halo or hypervelocity CH star?
Pereira, C. B., Jilinski, E. G., Drake, N. A., de Castro, D. B., Ortega, V. G., Chavero, C., & Roig, F. (2012) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219122 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Formation of the Galactic Stellar Halo: Origin of the Metallicity-Eccentricity Relation
Bekki, K., & Chiba, M. (2000) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/312636 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
A different approach for the estimation of Galactic model parametersPreprint
Karaali, S., Bilir, S., & Hamzaoglu, E. (2004) · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Reading the CARDs: The Imprint of Accretion History in the Chemical Abundances of the Milky Way's Stellar Halo
Cunningham, E. C., Sanderson, R. E., Johnston, K. V., Panithanpaisal, N., Ness, M., Wetzel, A. R., Loebman, S., Escala, I., Horta, D., & Faucher‐Giguère, C. (2022) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac78ea · Cited by 28 · see citing works
The metallicity distributions in high-latitudes with SDSS
Ak, S., Bilir, S., Karaali, S., Buser, R., & Cabrera-Lavers, A. (2007) · New Astronomy · doi:10.1016/j.newast.2007.04.005 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
LINE BROADENING IN FIELD METAL-POOR RED GIANT AND RED HORIZONTAL BRANCH STARS
Carney, B. W., Latham, D. W., Stefanik, R. P., & Laird, J. B. (2007) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-6256/135/1/196 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Targeting Bright Metal-poor Stars in the Disk and Halo Systems of the Galaxy
Limberg, G., Santucci, R. M., Rossi, S., Shank, D., Placco, V. M., Beers, T. C., Schlaufman, K. C., Casey, A. R., Perottoni, H. D., & Lee, Y. S. (2021) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abeefe · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Galactic model parameters for field giants separated from field dwarfs by their 2MASS and V apparent magnitudes
Bilir, S., Karaali, S., Güver, T., Karataş, Y., & Ak, S. (2006) · Astronomische Nachrichten · doi:10.1002/asna.200510480 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The Pristine survey – V. A bright star sample observed with SOPHIE
Bonifacio, P., Caffau, E., Sestito, F., Lardo, C., Martin, N. F., Starkenburg, E., Sbordone, L., François, P., Jablonka, P., Henden, A. A., et al. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1378 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

POPULATION STUDIES. XIII. A NEW ANALYSIS OF THE BIDELMAN-MACCONNELL “WEAK-METAL” STARS—CONFIRMATION OF METAL-POOR STARS IN THE THICK DISK OF THE GALAXY
Beers, T. C., Norris, J. E., Placco, V. M., Lee, Y. S., Rossi, S., Carollo, D., & Masseron, T. (2014) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/794/1/58 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citation
Kinematics of 11 Bidelman's weak‐lined stars
Bartkevičius, A., & Sperauskas, J. (2003) · Astronomische Nachrichten · doi:10.1002/asna.200310151
Kinematics of metal-poor stars in the galaxy
Beers, T. C., & Sommer‐Larsen, J. (1995) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/192117 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Kinematics of Metal-poor Stars in the Galaxy. III. Formation of the Stellar Halo and Thick Disk as Revealed from a Large Sample of Nonkinematically Selected Stars
Chiba, M., & Beers, T. C. (2000) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/301409 · Cited by 690 · see citing works
Kinematics of nearby subdwarf stars
Arifyanto, M. I., Fuchs, B., Jahreiß, H., & Wielen, R. (2005) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20035829 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Authors: Norris, J., Bessell, M. S., & Pickles, A. J.
ORCID: Norris, J.
Bessell, M. S.
Venue: The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Published: 1985-07
Volume: 58
Pages: 463
ISSN: 0067-0049 (ISSN-L)
1538-4365
DOI: 10.1086/191049
OpenAlex: W2045006058
Cited by: 170
References: 0
Citations by year: 2025: 4 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 7
Type: conference abstract
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
Keywords: chemical abundances, space motions, velocity ellipsoid, metal-poor stars, galactic kinematics, velocity dispersion, orbital eccentricity, Galactic halo

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Population studies. I - The Bidelman-MacConnell 'weak-metal' stars

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks