Debris streams in the solar neighbourhood as relicts from the formation of the Milky Way
Open accessThe claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
DWARF GALAXIES OF THE LOCAL GROUP
Mateo, M. (1998) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.36.1.435 · Cited by 2,373 · see citing works
Galaxy formation through hierarchical clustering
White, S. D. M., & Frenk, C. S. (1991) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/170483 · Cited by 2,369 · see citing works
Self-citationEvidence from the motions of old stars that the Galaxy collapsed.
Eggen, O. J., Lynden-Bell, D., & Sandage, A. (1962) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/147433 · Cited by 1,695 · see citing works
Compositions of halo clusters and the formation of the galactic halo
Searle, L., & Zinn, R. J. (1978) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/156499 · Cited by 1,535 · see citing works
A dwarf satellite galaxy in Sagittarius
Ibata, R. A., Gilmore, G., & Irwin, M. J. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/370194a0 · Cited by 1,381 · see citing works
Building up the stellar halo of the Galaxy
Helmi, A., & White, S. D. M. (1999) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02616.x · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Self-citationHipparcos and Tycho Catalogues
Kovalevsky, J. (2004) · Institute of Physics eBooks · doi:10.1888/0333750888/1591 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Ghostly streams from the formation of the Galaxy’s halo
Lynden-Bell, D., & Lynden-Bell, R. M. (1995) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/275.2.429 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Fossil Signatures of Ancient Accretion Events in the Halo
Johnston, K. V., Hernquist, L., & Bolte, M. (1996) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/177418 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Models for the Formation of Elliptical Galaxies
Larson, R. B. (1975) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/173.3.671 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Building up the Stellar Halo of the GalaxyPreprint
Helmi, A., & White, S. D. M. (1999) · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Self-citationOxygen-enhanced models for globular cluster stars. II - Isochrones and luminosity functions
Bergbusch, P. A., & VandenBerg, D. A. (1992) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/191690 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
The metallicities and kinematics of RR Lyrae variables, 1: New observations of local stars
Layden, A. C. (1994) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/117132 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Population studies. I - The Bidelman-MacConnell 'weak-metal' stars
Norris, J., Bessell, M. S., & Pickles, A. J. (1985) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/191049 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Kinematics of metal-poor stars in the galaxy
Beers, T. C., & Sommer‐Larsen, J. (1995) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/192117 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Chiba, M., & Yoshii, Y. (1998) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/300177 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Recent Theories of Galaxy Formation
Gott, J. R. (1977) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.15.090177.001315 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Reddening estimation for halo red giants using UVBY photometry
Anthony-Twarog, B. J., & Twarog, B. A. (1994) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/116969 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Sommer‐Larsen, J., Beers, T. C., Flynn, C., Wilhelm, R., & Christensen, P. R. (1997) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/304081 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Estimation of stellar metal abundance. I - Calibration of the CA II K index
Beers, T. C., Kage, J. A., Preston, G. W., et al. (1990) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/115568 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
A new star catalogue of SAO type
Roêser, S., & Bastian, U. (1988) · Astronomy & Astrophysics Supplement Series · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Early evolution of the Galactic halo revealed from Hipparcos observations of metal-poor starsPreprint
Chiba, M., & Yoshii, Y. (1997) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9710151 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The merger that led to the formation of the Milky Way’s inner stellar halo and thick disk
Helmi, A., Babusiaux, C., Koppelman, H. H., Massari, D., Veljanoski, J., & Brown, A. G. A. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0625-x · Cited by 1,235 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Milky Way Tomography with SDSS. II. Stellar Metallicity
Ivezić, Ž., Sesar, B., Jurić, M., Bond, N., Dalcanton, J., Rockosi, C. M., Yanny, B., Newberg, H. J., Beers, T. C., Allende Prieto, C., et al. (2008) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/589678 · Cited by 566 · see citing works
Origin of the system of globular clusters in the Milky Way
Massari, D., Koppelman, H. H., & Helmi, A. (2019) · Astronomy & Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936135 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Self-citationJohnston, K. V., Bullock, J. S., Sharma, S., Font, A., Robertson, B. E., & Leitner, S. N. (2008) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/592228 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Streams, Substructures, and the Early History of the Milky Way
Helmi, A. (2020) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-032620-021917 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Self-citationHaywood, M., Di Matteo, P., Lehnert, M. D., Snaith, O., Khoperskov, S., & Gómez, A. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aad235 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
A dwarf galaxy remnant in Canis Major: the fossil of an in-plane accretion on to the Milky Way
Martin, N. F., Ibata, R. A., Bellazzini, M., Irwin, M. J., Lewis, G. F., & Dehnen, W. (2004) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07331.x · Cited by 351 · see citing works
THE DUAL ORIGIN OF STELLAR HALOS
Zolotov, A., Willman, B., Brooks, A. M., Governato, F., Brook, C. B., Hogg, D. W., Quinn, T., & Stinson, G. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/702/2/1058 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Kruijssen, J. M. D., Pfeffer, J. L., Chevance, M., Bonaca, A., Trujillo-Gomez, S., Bastian, N., Reina-Campos, M., Crain, R. A., & Hughes, M. E. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2452 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
“0.55) similar to those of the GCs associated with the Helmi streams, suggesting that these seven streams could have originated from GCs that were once part of the Helmi et al. (1999) satellite progenitor.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialDi Matteo, P., Haywood, M., Lehnert, M. D., Katz, D., Khoperskov, S., Snaith, O. N., Gómez, A., & Robichon, N. (2019) · Astronomy & Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834929 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Deciphering the Last Major Invasion of the Milky Way
Gilmore, G., Wyse, R. F. G., & Norris, J. E. (2002) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/342363 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Galactic Stellar Populations in the Era of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and Other Large Surveys
Ivezić, Ž., Beers, T. C., & Jurić, M. (2012) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-081811-125504 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Koposov, S. E., Erkal, D., Li, T. S., Da Costa, G. S., Cullinane, L. R., Ji, A. P., Kuehn, K., Lewis, G. F., Pace, A. B., Shipp, N., et al. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad551 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Disassembling the Galaxy with angle-action coordinates
McMillan, P. J., & Binney, J. J. (2008) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13767.x · Cited by 90 · see citing works
On the identification of substructure in phase space using orbital frequencies
Gómez, F. A., & Helmi, A. (2010) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15841.x · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationStreams in the Aquarius stellar haloes
Gómez, F. A., Helmi, A., Cooper, A. P., Frenk, C. S., Navarro, J. F., & White, S. D. M. (2013) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1838 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Helmi, A., White, S. D. M., de Zeeuw, P. T., & Zhao, H.
- Affiliations
- Leiden Observatory (NL)
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Helmi, Amina
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 1999-11
- Volume
- 402
- Issue
- 6757
- Pages
- 53-55
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1765928510
- Cited by
- 596
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 16.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
- Keywords
- Milky Way formation, Galactic halo, metal-poor stars, Fornax dwarf galaxy, dwarf spheroidal galaxies, galaxy mergers, gravitational amplification, stellar populations
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
