Stellar Disk in the Galactic Center: A Remnant of a Dense Accretion Disk?
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Observations of the Galactic center revealed a population of young massive stars within 0.4 pc from Sgr A*—the presumed location of a supermassive black hole. The origin of these stars is a puzzle as their formation in situ should be suppressed by the black hole's tidal field. We find that out of 13 stars whose three-dimensional velocities have been measured by Genzel et al., 10 lie in a thin disk. The half-opening angle of the disk is consistent with zero within the measurement errors and does not exceed 10°. We propose that a recent burst of star formation has occurred in a dense gaseous disk around Sgr A*. Such a disk is no longer present because, most likely, it has been accreted by the central black hole. The three-dimensional orbit of S2, the young star closest to Sgr A*, has been recently mapped out with high precision. It is inclined to the stellar disk by 75°. We find that the orbit should undergo Lense-Thirring precession with the period of ~(6/ a ) × 10 6 yr, where a < 1 is the dimensionless spin of the black hole. Therefore, it is possible that originally the S2 orbit lay in the disk plane. The Lense-Thirring precession can turn the S2 orbit by 75° if a > 0.2( t S2 /6 × 10 6 yr) -1 , where t S2 is the age of S2.
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The origin of the nuclear young stellar disks has been explained in terms of star-formation in an accretion disk around Sgr A*.
“The origin of the nuclear young stellar disks has been explained in terms of star-formation in an accretion disk around Sgr A ∗ (Levin & Beloborodov 2003; Bonnell & Rice 2008; Nayakshin & Zubovas 2018; Generozov et al. 2022).”
From The Fermi/eROSITA bubbles: a look into the nuclear outflow from the Milky Way (2024) · cites this paper as Levin & Beloborodov 2003
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An overabundance of black hole X-ray binaries in the Galactic Centre from tidal captures
Generozov, A., Stone, N. C., Metzger, B. D., & Ostriker, J. P. (2018) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1262 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Dark stars at the Galactic Centre - the main sequence
Scott, P., Fairbairn, M., & Edsjö, J. (2009) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14282.x · Cited by 108 · see citing works
DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION OF THE YOUNG STARS IN THE GALACTIC CENTER: N -BODY SIMULATIONS OF THE S-STARS
Perets, H. B., Gualandris, A., Kupi, G., Merritt, D., & Alexander, T. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/702/2/884 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Kraniotis, G. V. (2007) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/24/7/007 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
SIMULATIONS OF THE ORIGIN AND FATE OF THE GALACTIC CENTER CLOUD G2
Schartmann, M., Burkert, A. M., Alig, C., Gillessen, S., Genzel, R., Eisenhauer, F., & Fritz, T. K. (2012) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/755/2/155 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Feeding supermassive black holes through supersonic turbulence and ballistic accretion
Hobbs, A., Nayakshin, S., Power, C., & King, A. R. (2011) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18333.x · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Near-infrared proper motions and spectroscopy of infrared excess sources at the Galactic center
Eckart, A., Mužić, K., Yazıcı, Ş., Sabha, N. B., Shahzamanian, B., Witzel, G., Moser, L., García-Marín, M., Valencia-S., M., Jalali, B., et al. (2012) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219994 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
On the Formation of Compact Stellar Disks around Sagittarius A*
Wardle, M., & Yusef-Zadeh, F. (2008) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/591471 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Abuter, R., Aimar, N., Amaro‐Seoane, P., Amorim, A., Bauböck, M., Berger, J.-P., Bonnet, H., Bourdarot, G. G., Brandner, W., Cardoso, V., et al. (2023) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202347416 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
On the Nature of the Fast-Moving Star S2 in the Galactic Center
Martins, F., Gillessen, S., Eisenhauer, F., Genzel, R., Ott, T., & Trippe, S. (2007) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/526768 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Madigan, A.-M., Levin, Y., & Hopman, C. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/697/1/l44 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationKMOS view of the Galactic centre
Feldmeier-Krause, A., Neumayer, N., Schödel, R., Seth, A. C., Hilker, M., de Zeeuw, P. T., Kuntschner, H., Walcher, C. J., Lützgendorf, N., & Patig, M. K. (2015) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201526336 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Milosavljevi, M., & Loeb, A. (2004) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/383467 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
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KECK OBSERVATIONS OF THE GALACTIC CENTER SOURCE G2: GAS CLOUD OR STAR?
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PROPERTIES OF THE REMNANT CLOCKWISE DISK OF YOUNG STARS IN THE GALACTIC CENTER
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The Fate of Nonradiative Magnetized Accretion Flows: Magnetically Frustrated Convection
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RUNAWAY AND HYPERVELOCITY STARS IN THE GALACTIC HALO: BINARY REJUVENATION AND TRIPLE DISRUPTION
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An Upper Limit on the Spin of SgrA* Based on Stellar Orbits in Its Vicinity
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MASSIVE BINARIES IN THE VICINITY OF Sgr A*
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IN SITU FORMATION OF SgrA* STARS VIA DISK FRAGMENTATION: PARENT CLOUD PROPERTIES AND THERMODYNAMICS
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The effects of opacity on gravitational stability in protoplanetary discs
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BINARY DYNAMICS NEAR A MASSIVE BLACK HOLE
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High accretion rates in magnetised Keplerian discs mediated by a Parker instability driven dynamo
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Self-citationCelestial-body focused dark matter annihilation throughout the Galaxy
Leane, R. K., Linden, T., Mukhopadhyay, P., & Toro, N. (2021) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.103.075030 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
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Star formation in accretion discs and SMBH growth
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Star–disc interaction in galactic nuclei: orbits and rates of accreted stars
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- Authors
- Levin, Y., & Beloborodov, A. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RU)
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 2003-05-16
- Volume
- 590
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- L33-L36
- ISSN
- 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4357
- OpenAlex
- W1990505184
- Cited by
- 414
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 10.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Astrophysical Journal (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Keywords
- Galactic Center, Sgr A*, young massive stars, stellar disks, S2 star, Lense-Thirring precession, supermassive black holes, black hole accretion disks, three-dimensional velocity, orbital inclination, black hole spin
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