Cited by 716Nosocomial Infections in ICUAntibiotic Resistance in BacteriaInfection Control in Healthcare

Microbial etiologies of hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia

Jones, Ronald N.·2010·Clinical Infectious Diseases

Abstract

Hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia (HABP) and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (VABP) can be caused by a wide variety of bacteria that originate from the patient flora or the health care environment. We review the medical and microbiology literature and the results of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1997-2008) to establish the pathogens most likely to cause HABP or VABP. In all studies, a consistent 6 organisms (Staphylococcus aureus [28.0%], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [21.8%], Klebsiella species [9.8%], Escherichia coli [6.9%], Acinetobacter species [6.8%], and Enterobacter species [6.3%]) caused approximately 80% of episodes, with lower prevalences of Serratia species, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and community-acquired pathogens, such as pneumococci and Haemophilus influenzae. Slight changes in the pathogen order were noted among geographic regions; Latin America had an increased incidence of nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli. In addition, VABP isolates of the same species had a mean of 5%-10% less susceptibility to frequently used extended-spectrum antimicrobials, and the rate of drug resistance among HABP and VABP pathogens has been increasing by 1% per year (2004-2008). In conclusion, the empirical treatment of HABP and VABP due to prevailing bacterial causes and emerging drug resistance has become more challenging and requires use of multidrug empirical treatment regimens for routine clinical practice. These facts have profound impact on the choices of comparison therapies to be applied in contemporary new drug clinical trials for pneumonia.

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Crossref · 10.1086/653053

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  • Co-infections with gram-negative organisms in COVID-19 are consistent with pathogens frequently associated with hospital-acquired pneumonia or ICU-HAP as a complication of ICU care.

    “The identification of co-infections with gram-negative organisms is consistent with the types of pathogens frequently associated with hospital–acquired pneumonia (HAP) or ICU-HAP as a complication of ICU care49”

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Authors
Jones, R. N.
Affiliations
JMI Laboratories (US)
Corresponding author
Jones, Ronald N.
Venue
Clinical Infectious Diseases
Published
2010-08
Volume
51
Issue
S1
Pages
S81-S87
ISSN
  • 1058-4838 (ISSN-L)
  • 1537-6591
OpenAlex
W2124161201
Cited by
716
References
30
Citations by year
2026: 21 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 66 · 2020: 70 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 49 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 35
FWCI
23.78
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Clinical Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Nosocomial Infections in ICU
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infection Control in Healthcare
Keywords
hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia, ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia, SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, antimicrobial resistance, empirical antibiotic therapy, multidrug therapy, Latin America, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Serratia
MeSH terms
Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacteria, Cross Infection, Geography, Hospitals, Humans, Incidence, Pneumonia, Bacterial, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated

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