The DOI matches its Crossref record; 214 of the 218 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Extended Self in a Digital World: Table 1.
Abstract
The extended self was proposed in 1988. Since it was formulated, many technological changes have dramatically affected the way we consume, present ourselves, and communicate. This conceptual update seeks to revitalize the concept, incorporate the impacts of digitization, and provide an understanding of consumer sense of self in today's technological environment. It is necessarily a work in progress, for the digital environment and our behavior within it continue to evolve. But some important changes are already clear. Five changes with digital consumption are considered that impact the nature of self and the nature of possessions. Needed modifications and additions to the extended self are outlined, and directions for future research are suggested. The digital world opens a host of new means for self-extension, using many new consumption objects to reach a vastly broader audience. Even though this calls for certain reformulations, the basic concept of the extended self remains vital.
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“Drawing on the extended self in the digital age (Belk 2013), the way consumers consider online actions as relevant to their offline selves may be changing.”
From The future of social media in marketing (2020) · cites this paper as Belk 2013
In the citing paper
“Consumer researchers have also shown how digital environments extend the self and reshape identity construction (Belk, 2013).”
From Marketing to the Machine: Rethinking Global Marketing for the AI Era (2026) · cites this paper as Belk, 2013
In the citing paper
“Consumer culture theory takes meaning and identity seriously (Arnould & Thompson, 2005;Belk, 2013) yet still treats the machine as a backdrop to consumption not as an active participant in the choice architecture.”
From Marketing to the Machine: Rethinking Global Marketing for the AI Era (2026) · cites this paper as Belk, 2013
In the citing paper
“At the actor level, hybrid human-AI configurations reshape how preferences emerge, extending prior work on the extended self in digital environments (Belk, 2013) and algorithmic consumer culture (Airoldi & Rokka, 2022).”
From Marketing to the Machine: Rethinking Global Marketing for the AI Era (2026) · cites this paper as Belk, 2013
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, consumers may seamlessly switch between physical and virtual products, artifacts, and environments, and the differences between the virtual self (in the form of a user's avatar) and the physical self may blur (Belk, 2013).”
From Metaverse beyond the hype: Multidisciplinary perspectives on emerging challenges, opportunities, and agenda for research, practice and policy (2022) · cites this paper as Belk, 2013
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Sorted by citations
Dwivedi, Y. K., Hughes, L., Baabdullah, A. M., Ribeiro-Navarrete, S., Giannakis, M., Al-Debei, M. M., Dennehy, D., Metri, B., Buhalis, D., Cheung, C. M. K., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102542 · Cited by 2,753
How to SHIFT Consumer Behaviors to be More Sustainable: A Literature Review and Guiding Framework
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Self-citationThe future of social media in marketing
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“For example, Belk (2013) spoke of how consumers may be re-embodied through avatars they create to represent themselves online, influencing their offline selves and creating a multiplicity of selves (i.e., consumers have more choice when it comes to their self-representation).”
BackgroundInfluentialDigital marketing: a framework, review, and research agenda
Kannan, P. K., & Li, H. “. (2017) · International Journal of Research in Marketing · doi:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2016.11.006 · Cited by 1,707
Metadata
- Authors
- Belk, R. W.
- Corresponding author
- Belk, Russell W.
- ORCID
- Belk, Russell W.
- Venue
- Journal of Consumer Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2013-10-01
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 477-500
- ISSN
- 0093-5301 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-5277
- OpenAlex
- W2154467650
- Cited by
- 1,698
- References
- 218
- Citations by year
- 2026: 191 · 2025: 181 · 2024: 164 · 2023: 137 · 2022: 128 · 2021: 149 · 2020: 163 · 2019: 157 · 2018: 130 · 2017: 95 · 2016: 96 · 2015: 72 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 9
- FWCI
- 200.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Consumer Research (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Digital Marketing and Social Media
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Consumer Retail Behavior Studies
- Keywords
- extended self, consumer self-concept, digitization, digital consumption, self-extension, self-presentation, digital communication
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