The DOI matches its Crossref record; 258 of the 259 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Craniofacial Feminization, Social Tolerance, and the Origins of Behavioral Modernity
Abstract
The past 200,000 years of human cultural evolution have witnessed the persistent establishment of behaviors involving innovation, planning depth, and abstract and symbolic thought, or what has been called “behavioral modernity.” Demographic models based on increased human population density from the late Pleistocene onward have been increasingly invoked to understand the emergence of behavioral modernity. However, high levels of social tolerance, as seen among living humans, are a necessary prerequisite to life at higher population densities and to the kinds of cooperative cultural behaviors essential to these demographic models. Here we provide data on craniofacial feminization (reduction in average brow ridge projection and shortening of the upper facial skeleton) in Homo sapiens from the Middle Pleistocene to recent times. We argue that temporal changes in human craniofacial morphology reflect reductions in average androgen reactivity (lower levels of adult circulating testosterone or reduced androgen receptor densities), which in turn reflect the evolution of enhanced social tolerance since the Middle Pleistocene.
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“Brow ridges and nasal projections are smaller in AMH than in our most closely related (extinct) relatives [21], as are our teeth [22, 23] and our cranial capacity [24].”
From Self-domestication in Homo sapiens: Insights from comparative genomics (2017) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“Facial width and brow-ridge projection have also declined in H. sapiens (Cieri et al., 2014).”
From Hypotheses for the Evolution of Reduced Reactive Aggression in the Context of Human Self-Domestication (2019) · cites this paper as Cieri et al., 2014
In the citing paper
“because a high degree of cooperation tends to be facilitated by reduced aggression (Simon, 1990; Melis et al., 2006; Cieri et al., 2014).”
From Hypotheses for the Evolution of Reduced Reactive Aggression in the Context of Human Self-Domestication (2019) · cites this paper as Cieri et al., 2014
In the citing paper
“Cieri et al. (2014) proposed that increasing population density around 200,000 years ago could have been responsible for selection pressures against reactive aggression.”
From Hypotheses for the Evolution of Reduced Reactive Aggression in the Context of Human Self-Domestication (2019) · cites this paper as Cieri et al., 2014
In the citing paper
“Female choice of less aggressive males as mates was proposed by Cieri et al. (2014) and Gleeson and Kushnick (2018) as a mechanism that could promote self-domestication, because females who choose less aggressive males can benefit by their mates’ greater investment in shared parenting effort.”
From Hypotheses for the Evolution of Reduced Reactive Aggression in the Context of Human Self-Domestication (2019) · cites this paper as Cieri et al., 2014
In the citing paper
“They suggested that because higher population density could have increased the pressure to exploit resources controlled by other humans, it would have selected for increased social tolerance toward unfamiliar individuals, an extension of social networks, and more sharing of acquired foods.”
From Hypotheses for the Evolution of Reduced Reactive Aggression in the Context of Human Self-Domestication (2019) · cites this paper as Cieri et al., 2014
In the citing paper
“Thus after the selective system had been initiated, there would likely have been a positive feedback loop leading to an accelerating evolution of traits associated with domestication, as the fossil record seems to indicate (Cieri et al., 2014).”
From Hypotheses for the Evolution of Reduced Reactive Aggression in the Context of Human Self-Domestication (2019) · cites this paper as Cieri et al., 2014
In the citing paper
“The transition from MP hominins to modern humans was marked by these changes and gracilisation of the face 51,52”
From The evolutionary history of the human face (2019) · cites this paper as [52]
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Sorted by citations
Richerson, P., Baldini, R., Bell, A. V., Demps, K., Frost, K., Hillis, V., Mathew, S., Newton, E. K., Naar, N., Newson, L., et al. (2016) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x1400106x · Cited by 639
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Metadata
- Authors
- Cieri, R. L., Churchill, S. E., Franciscus, R. G., Tan, J., & Hare, B.
- Venue
- Current Anthropology
- Publisher
- University of Chicago Press
- Published
- 2014-08
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 419-443
- ISSN
- 0011-3204 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-5382
- OpenAlex
- W2166591354
- Semantic Scholar
- 97588afcbdbaa20485bc703fc0eb91310166c29d
- Cited by
- 195
- References
- 259
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 17.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Anthropology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Morphological variations and asymmetry
- Keywords
- social tolerance, behavioral modernity, testosterone, androgen receptor, craniofacial morphology, human population density, cultural evolution, Middle Pleistocene, human
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