The effectiveness of policy interventions for school bullying: A systematic review
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Bullying threatens the mental and educational well-being of students. Although anti-bullying policies are prevalent, little is known about their effectiveness. This systematic review evaluates the methodological characteristics and summarizes substantive findings of studies examining the effectiveness of school bullying policies. METHOD: Searches of 11 bibliographic databases yielded 489 studies completed since January 1, 1995. Following duplicate removal and double-independent screening based on a priori inclusion criteria, 21 studies were included for review. RESULTS: Substantially more educators perceive anti-bullying policies to be effective rather than ineffective. Whereas several studies show that the presence or quality of policies is associated with lower rates of bullying among students, other studies found no such associations between policy presence or quality and reductions in bullying. Consistent across studies, this review found that schools with anti-bullying policies that enumerated protections based on sexual orientation and gender identity were associated with better protection of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) students. Specifically, LGBTQ students in schools with such policies reported less harassment and more frequent and effective intervention by school personnel. Findings are mixed regarding the relationship between having an anti-bullying policy and educators' responsiveness to general bullying. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-bullying policies might be effective at reducing bullying if their content is based on evidence and sound theory and if they are implemented with a high level of fidelity. More research is needed to improve on limitations among extant studies.
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Comprehensive anti-bullying policies are legally mandated in UK schools, and best practices encourage involvement of educators and parents when writing policies.
“Comprehensive anti-bullying policies are legally mandated in UK schools (98) and best practices encourage the involvement of educators and parents when writing policies (99).”
From A thematic analysis of adolescents’ perceptions of cyberbullying and cyberaggression: definitional distinctions and educational gaps (2026) · cites this paper as [99]
The “Policy as an Intervention for Bullying” section says anti-bullying laws have been enacted in the United Kingdom, but does not establish that comprehensive policies are legally mandated in every UK school. The “Results on Policy Effectiveness” section lists stakeholder involvement in policy development and parent involvement in prevention, but does not specifically recommend that both educators and parents help write policies. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hall, W. J. (2018) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2017.1317467 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
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“Comprehensive anti-bullying policies are legally mandated in UK schools (98) and best practices encourage the involvement of educators and parents when writing policies (99).”
- Authors
- Hall, W.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hall, William
- ORCID
- Hall, William
- Venue
- Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research
- Publisher
- University of Chicago Press
- Published
- 2017-03-01
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 45-69
- ISSN
- 1948-822X (ISSN-L)
- 2334-2315
- PMC
- PMC5363950
- OpenAlex
- W2582257475
- Cited by
- 188
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 1.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH019117)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Workplace Violence and Bullying
- Social Sciences › Law › Legal Issues in Education
- Keywords
- school bullying, anti-bullying policy, policy effectiveness, LGBTQ students, educator perceptions
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