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Cited by 462

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 106 of the 106 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

THE BIRTH OF A GALAXY: PRIMORDIAL METAL ENRICHMENT AND STELLAR POPULATIONS

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Wise, John H., Turk, Matthew J., Norman, Michael L., Abel, Tom·2012·The Astrophysical Journal

Abstract

By definition, Population III stars are metal-free, and their protostellar collapse is driven by molecular hydrogen cooling in the gas phase, leading to large characteristic masses. Population II stars with lower characteristic masses form when the star-forming gas reaches a critical metallicity of 10 −6 –10 −3.5 Z ☉ . We present an adaptive mesh refinement radiation hydrodynamics simulation that follows the transition from Population III to Population II star formation. The maximum spatial resolution of 1 comoving parsec allows for individual molecular clouds to be well resolved and their stellar associations to be studied in detail. We model stellar radiative feedback with adaptive ray tracing. A top-heavy initial mass function for the Population III stars is considered, resulting in a plausible distribution of pair-instability supernovae and associated metal enrichment. We find that the gas fraction recovers from 5% to nearly the cosmic fraction in halos with merger histories rich in halos above 10 7 M ☉ . A single pair-instability supernova is sufficient to enrich the host halo to a metallicity floor of 10 −3 Z ☉ and to transition to Population II star formation. This provides a natural explanation for the observed floor on damped Lyα systems metallicities reported in the literature, which is of this order. We find that stellar metallicities do not necessarily trace stellar ages, as mergers of halos with established stellar populations can create superpositions of t − Z evolutionary tracks. A bimodal metallicity distribution is created after a starburst occurs when the halo can cool efficiently through atomic line cooling.

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Metadata

Authors
Wise, J. H., Turk, M. J., Norman, M. L., & Abel, T.
Venue
The Astrophysical Journal
Published
2011-12-28
Volume
745
Issue
1
Pages
50
ISSN
  • 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
  • 1538-4357
OpenAlex
W2085926195
Cited by
462
References
106
FWCI
18.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: THE BIRTH OF A GALAXY: PRIMORDIAL METAL ENRICHMENT AND STELLAR POPULATIONS. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1088/0004-637x/745/1/50
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Wise, J. H., Turk, M. J., Norman, M. L., & Abel, T. (2012). THE BIRTH OF A GALAXY: PRIMORDIAL METAL ENRICHMENT AND STELLAR POPULATIONS. The Astrophysical Journal. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/745/1/50

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