A self-healing 3D woven fabric reinforced shape memory polymer composite for impact mitigation
Open accessAbstract
In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) woven fabric reinforced shape memory polymer composite for impact mitigation was proposed, fabricated, programmed using a three-step strain-controlled thermomechanical cycle at a pre-strain level of 5% and machined to two groups of specimens (G1 and G2) with dimensions 152.4 mm × 101.6 mm × 12.7 mm. The specimens were impact tested, transversely, centrally and repeatedly with 32 and 42 J of energy. G1 specimens were healed after each impact until perforation occurred. G2 specimens were not healed after each impact and served as controls. At 32 J impact energy, G2 specimens were perforated at the 9th impact while G1 specimens lasted until the 15th impact; at 42 J impact energy, G2 specimens were perforated at the 5th impact while G1 specimens were perforated at the 7th impact. Visual inspection, C-scan, and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to evaluate damage, failure modes, and healing efficiency.
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At lower impact energies of 32 J at a peak impact load of 5.9 kN, the impact damages could be fully healed up to the fifth impact-healing cycle.
“At lower impact energies of 32 J at a peak impact load of 5.9 kN, the impact damages could be fully healed up to the fifth impact-healing cycle and specimens were perforated at the ninth impact for non-healed specimens, while healed specimens resisted until the 15th impact.”
From Review on the Functional Determinants and Durability of Shape Memory Polymers (2010) · cites this paper as [150]
At lower impact energies of 32 J at a peak impact load of 5.9 kN, non-healed specimens were perforated at the ninth impact.
“At lower impact energies of 32 J at a peak impact load of 5.9 kN, the impact damages could be fully healed up to the fifth impact-healing cycle and specimens were perforated at the ninth impact for non-healed specimens, while healed specimens resisted until the 15th impact.”
From Review on the Functional Determinants and Durability of Shape Memory Polymers (2010) · cites this paper as [150]
The performance of specimens allowed to heal after impact compared with those not healed revealed a decrease in healing efficiency with cycling and increasing impact load.
“The performance of specimens, which were allowed to heal after impact with those which were not healed, revealed a decrease in healing efficiency with cycling and increasing impact load.”
From Review on the Functional Determinants and Durability of Shape Memory Polymers (2010) · cites this paper as [150]
At lower impact energies of 32 J at a peak impact load of 5.9 kN, healed specimens resisted until the 15th impact.
“At lower impact energies of 32 J at a peak impact load of 5.9 kN, the impact damages could be fully healed up to the fifth impact-healing cycle and specimens were perforated at the ninth impact for non-healed specimens, while healed specimens resisted until the 15th impact.”
From Review on the Functional Determinants and Durability of Shape Memory Polymers (2010) · cites this paper as [150]
Specimens impacted with 42 J of impact energy at a peak impact load of 6.1 kN, healed specimens lasted until the seventh impact.
“Specimens impacted with 42 J of impact energy at a peak impact load of 6.1 kN, were perforated at the fifth impact, while healed specimens lasted until the seventh impact.”
From Review on the Functional Determinants and Durability of Shape Memory Polymers (2010) · cites this paper as [150]
The different specimen behavior was due to an increase in unrecoverable damage as a consequence of growing microballoon crushing and fiber fracture with increasing impact energy.
“The authors concluded that the different specimen behavior was due to an increase in unrecoverable damage as a consequence of growing microballoon crushing and fiber fracture with increasing impact energy.”
From Review on the Functional Determinants and Durability of Shape Memory Polymers (2010) · cites this paper as [150]
Specimens impacted with 42 J of impact energy at a peak impact load of 6.1 kN were perforated at the fifth impact.
“Specimens impacted with 42 J of impact energy at a peak impact load of 6.1 kN, were perforated at the fifth impact, while healed specimens lasted until the seventh impact.”
From Review on the Functional Determinants and Durability of Shape Memory Polymers (2010) · cites this paper as [150]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Nji, J., & Li, G.
- Affiliations
- Louisiana State University (US)
- ORCID
- Li, Guoqiang
- Venue
- Smart Materials and Structures
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2010-02-02
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 035007
- ISSN
- 0964-1726 (ISSN-L)
- 1361-665X
- OpenAlex
- W1990335227
- Cited by
- 131
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 9.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Smart Materials and Structures (publishedVersion)
- Civil War Book Review (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0946740, 0900064)
- Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer composites and self-healing
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanics of Materials › Mechanical Behavior of Composites
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Materials and Mechanics
- Keywords
- self-healing materials, 3D woven fabrics, shape memory polymer composites, impact mitigation, impact resistance, thermomechanical cycling, damage healing, perforation resistance, failure modes, woven fabric reinforcement
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