Novel dry electrodes for ECG monitoring
Open accessAbstract
The development, fabrication and characterization of two novel dry bioelectrodes--conductive and capacitive ones--for biopotential monitoring are presented. The new electrodes have the potential to improve the applicability of dry electrodes in ambulant recording of ECG by reducing motion artifacts as well as the contact impedance to the skin. Furthermore, a passive filter network is integrated into the new electrodes to suppress slow offset fluctuation of the ECG signal caused e.g. by motions like breathing or changes in the electrode-skin interface properties. Compared to standard gel electrodes these new electrodes exhibit equivalent and superior contact impedances and biosignals. The integrated filter network effectively suppresses fluctuating offset potentials.
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As gel dries during extended use, the electrode contact impedance rises sharply, making the signal susceptible to external noise.
“as the gel dries during extended use the electrode contact impedance rises sharply which makes the signal susceptible to external noise. [37]”
From A Chest‐Conformable, Wireless Electro‐Mechanical E‐Tattoo for Measuring Multiple Cardiac Time Intervals (2023) · cites this paper as [37]
Section 2 (Biomedical basics; page unavailable) says gel electrodes dehydrate after a few days and that dehydration changes electrode impedance, generating noise and artifacts. Section 5.1.1 says moisture keeps impedance low and dry electrodes have higher contact impedance. The paper does not establish that impedance rises sharply during use or specify that the resulting noise is external. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Gruetzmann, A., Hansen, S., & Müller, J.
- Affiliations
- Hamburg University of Technology (DE)
- ORCID
- Müller, Jörg
- Venue
- Physiological Measurement
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2007-10-12
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1375-1390
- ISSN
- 0967-3334 (ISSN-L)
- 1361-6579
- OpenAlex
- W2138886665
- Cited by
- 248
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 3.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Physiological Measurement (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › ECG Monitoring and Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Keywords
- dry electrodes, ECG monitoring, conductive electrodes, capacitive electrodes, motion artifacts, contact impedance, skin-electrode interface, biopotential monitoring
- MeSH terms
- Elasticity, Electrodes, Equipment Design, Evoked Potentials, Humans, Electrocardiography, Ambulatory, Artifacts, Electric Impedance, Equipment Failure Analysis, Electric Capacitance, Cardiac Electrophysiology
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