Comparison of respiratory-induced variations in photoplethysmographic signals
Open accessAbstract
Photoplethysmography (PPG) is an optical method for detecting blood volume changes in tissue. Respiratory-induced intensity, frequency and amplitude variations are contained in the PPG signal; thus, an understanding of the relationships between all of these variations and respiration is essential to advancing respiration monitoring based on PPG. This study investigated correlations between respiratory-induced variations extracted from PPG and simultaneous respiratory signals. PPG signals were recorded from 28 healthy subjects under eight different conditions. Six respiratory-induced variations, i.e. the period of the systole, diastole and pulse, the amplitude of the systole and diastole, and the intensity variation, were determined from the PPG signal. The results indicate that, compared with the period of the pulse, the period of the systole and diastole correlates weakly with respiration; the amplitude of the diastole has a stronger correlation with respiration than the amplitude of the systole. For men, when the respiratory rate is less than 10 breaths min(-1), the period of the pulse has the strongest correlation with respiration, whereas up to or above 15 breaths min(-1), the intensity variation becomes strongest in the sitting posture, while the amplitude of the diastole is strongest in the supine posture. For women, compared with the other variations, the period of the pulse has nearly the strongest correlation with respiration, independent of respiratory rate or posture.
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Respiration signal amplitude has the strongest influence on respiratory-induced variation of the PPG signal.
“From experimentation results, it is concluded that respiration signal amplitude has the strongest influence on respiratory-induced variation of the PPG signal.”
From Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring (2021) · cites this paper as [122]
As respiratory rate increases, the respiratory signal decreases, indicating that higher rates of respiration leads to lower fluctuations in respiratory influence changes to PPG.
“Moreover, as the respiratory rate increases, the respiratory signal decreases, indicating that higher rates of respiration leads to lower fluctuations in respiratory influence changes to PPG [122].”
From Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring (2021) · cites this paper as [122]
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Breathing Rate Estimation From the Electrocardiogram and Photoplethysmogram: A Review
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- Authors
- Li, J., Jin, J., Chen, X., Sun, W., & Guo, P.
- Affiliations
- Xi'an Jiaotong University (CN)
- ORCID
- Chen, Xiang
- Venue
- Physiological Measurement
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2010-02-10
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 415-425
- ISSN
- 0967-3334 (ISSN-L)
- 1361-6579
- OpenAlex
- W2081341964
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 0.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Physiological Measurement (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy
- Keywords
- photoplethysmography, respiratory monitoring, pulse period, respiratory rate, posture, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Algorithms, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Posture, Respiration, Sex Characteristics, Stochastic Processes, Time Factors, Photoplethysmography, Young Adult
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