Cited by 368Neuroscience and Neural EngineeringCellular Mechanics and InteractionsAnalog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design

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A finite-element model of the mechanical effects of implantable microelectrodes in the cerebral cortex

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Subbaroyan, Jeyakumar, Martin, David C, Kipke, Daryl R·2005·Journal of Neural Engineering

DOI 10.1088/1741-2560/2/4/006

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Abstract

The viability of chronic neural microelectrodes for electrophysiological recording and stimulation depends on several factors, including the encapsulation of the implant by a reactive tissue response. We postulate that mechanical strains induced around the implant site may be one of the leading factors responsible for the sustained tissue response in chronic implants. The objectives of this study were to develop a finite-element model of the probe-brain tissue interface and analyze the effects of tethering forces, probe-tissue adhesion and stiffness of the probe substrate on the interfacial strains induced around the implant site. A 3D finite-element model of the probe-brain tissue microenvironment was developed and used to simulate interfacial strains created by 'micromotion' of chronically implanted microelectrodes. Three candidate substrates were considered: (a) silicon, (b) polyimide and (c) a hypothetical 'soft' material. Simulated tethering forces resulted in elevated strains both at the tip and at the sharp edges of the probe track in the tissue. The strain fields induced by a simulated silicon probe were similar to those induced by a simulated polyimide probe, albeit at higher absolute values for radial tethering forces. Simulations of poor probe-tissue adhesion resulted in elevated strains at the tip and delamination of the tissue from the probe. A tangential tethering force results in 94% reduction in the strain value at the tip of the polyimide probe track in the tissue, whereas the simulated 'soft' probe induced two orders of magnitude smaller values of strain compared to a simulated silicon probe. The model results indicate that softer substrates reduce the strain at the probe-tissue interface and thus may also reduce tissue response in chronic implants.

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Authors: Subbaroyan, J., Martin, D. C., & Kipke, D. R.
Affiliations: University of Michigan (US)
ORCID: Subbaroyan, Jeyakumar
Martin, David C
Venue: Journal of Neural Engineering
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Published: 2005-10-11
Volume: 2
Issue: 4
Pages: 103-113
ISSN: 1741-2552 (ISSN-L)
1741-2560
DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/2/4/006
OpenAlex: W1982562840
Cited by: 368
References: 46
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 3.85
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Journal of Neural Engineering (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Science Foundation (9986866)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
National Institutes of Health
National Nanotechnology Coordinating Office
National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (P41 EB-00 230-10)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
Keywords: implantable microelectrodes, cerebral cortex, interfacial strain, silicon probes, tissue encapsulation, electrophysiological recording, neurostimulation
MeSH terms: Animals, Biomechanical Phenomena, Cerebral Cortex, Computer Simulation, Elasticity, Electrodes, Implanted, Humans, Microelectrodes, Models, Neurological, Motion, Physical Stimulation, Stress, Mechanical, Finite Element Analysis, Mechanotransduction, Cellular

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A finite-element model of the mechanical effects of implantable microelectrodes in the cerebral cortex

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