High energy burden and low-income energy affordability: conclusions from a literature review
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In an era of U.S. energy abundance, the persistently high energy bills paid by low-income households is troubling. After decades of weatherization and bill-payment programs, low-income households still spend a higher percent of their income on electricity and gas bills than any other income group. Their energy burden is not declining, and it remains persistently high in particular geographies such as the South, rural America, and minority communities. As public agencies and utilities attempt to transition to a sustainable energy future, many of the programs that promote energy efficiency, rooftop solar, electric vehicles, and home batteries are largely inaccessible to low-income households due to affordability barriers. This review describes the ecosystem of stakeholders and programs, and identifies promising opportunities to address low-income energy affordability, such as behavioral economics, data analytics, and leveraging health care benefits. Scalable approaches require linking programs and policies to tackle the complex web of causes and impacts faced by financially constrained households.
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When access to energy becomes difficult, the burden is felt in every facet of life-housing, mobility, health, work, education, and more.
“When access to energy becomes difficult, the burden is felt in every facet of life—housing, mobility, health, work, education, and much more (47).”
From A framework for localizing global climate solutions and their carbon reduction potential (2021) · cites this paper as [47]
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- Authors
- Brown, M. A., Soni, A., Lapsa, M. V., Southworth, K., & Cox, M.
- Affiliations
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- Louisiana State University (US)
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brown, Marilyn A
- Venue
- Progress in Energy
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2020-10-31
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 042003
- ISSN
- 2516-1083 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3108138600
- Cited by
- 221
- References
- 104
- Citations by year
- 2026: 42 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 10
- FWCI
- 0.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Progress in Energy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Civil War Book Review (submittedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Georgia Institute of Technology (DE00002919)
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (GR10001245)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Energy and Environment Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
- Keywords
- energy burden, low-income households, energy affordability, energy poverty, energy efficiency programs, rooftop solar, electric vehicles, home batteries, behavioral economics, health care benefits, rural households, minority groups, energy policy
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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