The Short-Run and Long-Run Effects of Behavioral Interventions: Experimental Evidence from Energy Conservation
Open accessAbstract
We document three remarkable features of the Opower program, in which social comparison-based home energy reports are repeatedly mailed to more than six million households nationwide. First, initial reports cause high-frequency “action and backsliding,” but these cycles attenuate over time. Second, if reports are discontinued after two years, effects are relatively persistent, decaying at 10–20 percent per year. Third, consumers are slow to habituate: they continue to respond to repeated treatment even after two years. We show that the previous conservative assumptions about post-intervention persistence had dramatically understated cost effectiveness and illustrate how empirical estimates can optimize program design.(JEL D12, D83, L94, Q41)
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- Authors
- Allcott, H., & Rogers, T.
- Affiliations
- New York University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- ORCID
- Rogers, Todd
- Venue
- American Economic Review
- Publisher
- American Economic Association
- Published
- 2014-10-01
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 3003-3037
- ISSN
- 0002-8282 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2116151775
- Cited by
- 1,340
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 97 · 2025: 125 · 2024: 115 · 2023: 104 · 2022: 135 · 2021: 155 · 2020: 170 · 2019: 93 · 2018: 98 · 2017: 90 · 2016: 64 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 225.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.aeaweb.org
- Locations
- American Economic Review (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Environmental Education and Sustainability
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
- Keywords
- behavioral interventions, energy conservation, social comparison, habituation, cost-effectiveness, program design, household energy consumption
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