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The Role of NADPH Oxidase 1–Derived Reactive Oxygen Species in Paraquat-Mediated Dopaminergic Cell Death

Open access
Cristóvão, Ana Clara, Choi, Dong-Hee, Baltazar, Graça, Beal, M. Flint, Kim, Yoon-Seong·2009·Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

Abstract

Oxidative stress is the common downstream effect of a variety of environmental neurotoxins that are strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. We demonstrate here that the activation of NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1), a specialized superoxide-generating enzyme complex, plays a key role in the oxidative stress and subsequent dopaminergic cell death elicited by paraquat. Paraquat increased the expression of Nox1 in a concentration-dependent manner in rat dopaminergic N27 cells. Rac1, a key component necessary for Nox1-mediated superoxide generation, also was activated by paraquat. Paraquat-induced reactive oxygen species generation and dopaminergic cell death were significantly reduced after pretreatment with apocynin, a putative NADPH oxidase inhibitor, and Nox1 knockdown with siRNA. Male C57BL/6 mice received intraperitoneal (IP) injections of paraquat (10 mg/kg) once every 3 days and showed increased Nox1 levels in the substantia nigra as well as a 35% reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive dopaminergic neurons 5 days after the last injection. Preadministration of apocynin (200 mg/kg, IP) led to a significant decrease in dopaminergic neuronal loss. Our results suggest that Nox1-generated superoxide is implicated in the oxidative stress elicited by paraquat in DA cells, and it can serve as a novel target for pharmacologic intervention.

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Metadata

Authors
Cristóvão, A. C., Choi, D.-H., Baltazar, G., Beal, M. F., & Kim, Y.-S.
Venue
Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
Published
2009-09
Volume
11
Issue
9
Pages
2105-2118
ISSN
  • 1523-0864 (ISSN-L)
  • 1557-7716
OpenAlex
W2095239764
Cited by
164
References
5
FWCI
6.19
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Role of NADPH Oxidase 1–Derived Reactive Oxygen Species in Paraquat-Mediated Dopaminergic Cell Death. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1089/ars.2009.2459
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Cristóvão, A. C., Choi, D.-H., Baltazar, G., Beal, M. F., & Kim, Y.-S. (2009). The Role of NADPH Oxidase 1–Derived Reactive Oxygen Species in Paraquat-Mediated Dopaminergic Cell Death. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2009.2459

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