Cited by 1,149Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsNeurological diseases and metabolismTrace Elements in Health

Increased nigral iron content and alterations in other metal ions occurring in brain in Parkinson's disease

Dexter, D. T., Wells, F. R., Lee, A. J., Agid, F., Agid, Y., Jenner, P., Marsden, C. D.·1989·Journal of Neurochemistry

Abstract

Levels of iron, copper, zinc, manganese, and lead were measured by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy in parkinsonian and age-matched control brain tissue. There was 31-35% increase in the total iron content of the parkinsonian substantia nigra when compared to control tissue. In contrast, in the globus pallidus total iron levels were decreased by 29% in Parkinson's disease. There was no change in the total iron levels in any other region of the parkinsonian brain. Total copper levels were reduced by 34-45% in the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease; no difference was found in the other brain areas examined. Zinc levels were increased in substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease by 50-54%, and the zinc content of the caudate nucleus and lateral putamen was also raised by 18-35%. Levels of manganese and lead were unchanged in all areas of the parkinsonian brain studied when compared to control brains, except for a small decrease (20%) in manganese content of the medial putamen. Increased levels of total iron in the substantia nigra may cause the excessive formation of toxic oxygen radicals, leading to dopamine cell death.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb07264.x

Cites

29 of 29 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Increases of iron and a decrease of ferritin in the substantia nigra are indicative of high iron loading of ferritin.

    “Increases of iron and a decrease of ferritin in the substantia nigra101,116–119 are indicative of high iron loading of ferritin.120”
  • Neuropathological studies using accurate spectroscopic methods showed that iron concentrations in the substantia nigra pars compacta and reticulata increase with disease severity.

    “Neuropathological studies that used accurate spectroscopic methods to measure total iron concentrations in specific brain regions, such as substantia nigra pars compacta and reticulata showed that iron concentrations in these regions increase with disease severity.100–103”
  • Several studies have shown increases of total iron concentration in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson's disease.

    “Several studies have shown increases of total iron concentration in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson’s disease.”
  • In the temporal cortex and globus pallidus of patients with Parkinson's disease, a decrease of total iron concentration was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

    “In the temporal cortex and globus pallidus of patients with Parkinson’s disease, a decrease of total iron concentration was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.101,117,130”

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Authors
Dexter, D. T., Wells, F. R., Lee, A. J., Agid, F., Agid, Y., Jenner, P., & Marsden, C. D.
Affiliations
  • King's College London (GB)
  • National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (GB)
  • Inserm (FR)
Corresponding author
Jenner, P.
Venue
Journal of Neurochemistry
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1989-06
Volume
52
Issue
6
Pages
1830-1836
ISSN
  • 0022-3042 (ISSN-L)
  • 1471-4159
OpenAlex
W1985613988
Cited by
1,149
References
29
Citations by year
2026: 18 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 41
FWCI
24.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Neurochemistry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological diseases and metabolism
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
Keywords
Parkinson's disease, substantia nigra, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, lead, globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, putamen, oxidative stress, neurodegeneration
MeSH terms
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brain, Female, Humans, Ions, Iron, Male, Metals, Parkinson Disease, Substantia Nigra, Tissue Distribution

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