Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 473

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 295 of the 295 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Oxidized LDL: Diversity, Patterns of Recognition, and Pathophysiology

Open access
Levitan, Irena, Volkov, Suncica, Subbaiah, Papasani V.·2010·Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
DOI 10.1089/ars.2009.2733
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Oxidative modification of LDL is known to elicit an array of pro-atherogenic responses, but it is generally underappreciated that oxidized LDL (OxLDL) exists in multiple forms, characterized by different degrees of oxidation and different mixtures of bioactive components. The variable effects of OxLDL reported in the literature can be attributed in large part to the heterogeneous nature of the preparations employed. In this review, we first describe the various subclasses and molecular composition of OxLDL, including the variety of minimally modified LDL preparations. We then describe multiple receptors that recognize various species of OxLDL and discuss the mechanisms responsible for the recognition by specific receptors. Furthermore, we discuss the contentious issues such as the nature of OxLDL in vivo and the physiological oxidizing agents, whether oxidation of LDL is a prerequisite for atherogenesis, whether OxLDL is the major source of lipids in foam cells, whether in some cases it actually induces cholesterol depletion, and finally the Janus-like nature of OxLDL in having both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. Lastly, we extend our review to discuss the role of LDL oxidation in diseases other than atherosclerosis, including diabetes mellitus, and several autoimmune diseases, such as lupus erythematosus, anti-phospholipid syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1089/ars.2009.2733

Cites

295 of 295 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

1 retracted

Show all 295 references

Cited by

See all 473

Metadata

Authors
Levitan, I., Volkov, S., & Subbaiah, P. V.
Venue
Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2010-07
Volume
13
Issue
1
Pages
39-75
ISSN
  • 1523-0864 (ISSN-L)
  • 1557-7716
DOI
10.1089/ars.2009.2733
OpenAlex
W2049746695
Cited by
473
References
295
FWCI
6.24
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Oxidized LDL: Diversity, Patterns of Recognition, and Pathophysiology. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1089/ars.2009.2733
The paper
Levitan, I., Volkov, S., & Subbaiah, P. V. (2010). Oxidized LDL: Diversity, Patterns of Recognition, and Pathophysiology. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2009.2733

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.